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Board Review: Microbiology > Gram - Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram - Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram -, Diploccoci. IgA protease + Maltose fermenter, Polysaccharide capsule

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Gram -, Diplococci. IgA protease + ,Maltose non-fermenter. No capsule

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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3
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Grows of Chocolate Agar with Factor V and X

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Note: S.aureus can produce factor V which allows Haemophilus to grow

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4
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Seen in animal bites.

A

Pasturella

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5
Q

Gram - coccobacillus. Toxin inhibits Gi leading to decreased phagocytic ability. Leads to coughing on exhalation and characteristic sound upon inspiration in children

A

Bortadella pertussis

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6
Q

Gram -, Comma shaped. Oxidase + and grows on Alkaline media. Toxin increases cAMP leading to Cl- efflux and multiple ‘rice water stools’

A

Vibrio Cholera

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7
Q

Gram -, Comma shaped. Oxidase + . Causes bloody diarrhea and is often transmitted by c fecal oral route through foods. Grows at 42 deg.

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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8
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Encapsulated , indole -

A

Klebsiella

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9
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Encapsulated , indole +, Catalase +

A

E.coli

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10
Q

Gram- Rod, Fast Lactose fermenter. Not E.coli or Kleb haha

A

EnteroBACTER (not enterococcus, which is GROUP D STREP)

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11
Q

Gram- Rod, Slow Lactose fermenter. Catalase +

A

Serratia

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12
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase - . Cell to cell transfer. Bloody Diarrhea Produces a toxin which inactivates the 60s ribosome.

A

Shigella

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13
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase -. Urease +

A

Proteus

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14
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase -. H2S+, Disseminated hematogenously. BLoody diarrhea. Often passed via uncooked poultry

A

Salmonella

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15
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase +, Catalase + Blue Green pigmentation, grape like odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

Gram - Rod, Lactose non-fermenter , Oxidase +, Urease + . Involved in gastric ulcer formation.

A

H.pylori

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17
Q

Grow Pink colonies on MacConkey Agar

A

Lactose Fermenters !!

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18
Q

LaCtoSe is KEE

A

Klebsiella
E.coli
Enterobacter

Citrobacter
Serratia

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19
Q

What drugs are most Gram -‘s resistant to ?

A

Penicillin G and Vanco (due to outer membrane)

May still be susceptible to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin

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20
Q

What disease are associated with N.gonorrheae

A

Gonorrhea
PID
FItz-Hugh Curtis
Septic Arthritis

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21
Q

What disease are associated with N. meningitides ?

A

Meningitis
Meningococcemia
Waterhouse Friedrichson (Adrenal infarction)

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22
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

May treat chlamydia infection concurrently with Azithromycin or Doxy.

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23
Q

Prophylaxis for N. menegitidis

Definitive treatment

A

Rifampin, Cipro, Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone and Penicillin G

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24
Q

What illnesses does Haemophilus influenzae cause ?

haEMOPhilus

A

Epiglotitis
Meningitis (Encapsulated)
Otitis media
Pneumonia (think influenza)

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25
Describe the composition of the Vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae
Type B capsular Polysaccharide complexed to Diptheria toxoid.
26
Gram -, Rod (really doesn't gram stain) . Grows on BCYE with iron and cysteine. Visualized with Silver Stain. Aerial transmission in droplets
Legionella
27
How do you treat Legionella
Macrolide or Quinolone
28
Illnesses caused by Psuedomonas PSUEDO F !
``` Pneumonia Sepsis External otitis UTI Diabetic Osteomyelitis Folliculitis ```
29
Like Diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas produces a toxin (ExoToxin A) which ....
Inhibits EF2 --> lack of protein synthesis
30
Treatment for pseudomonas
Aminoglycoside | Extended Spectrum penecillin
31
Due to expression of Fimbriae. E.coli have the ability to cause ...
UTI (Cystitis and Pyelonephritis)
32
What does the K-capsule of E.coli allow it to do ?
pneumonia !
33
In which patients does Klebsiella (Gram - , Lactose + , ) cause lobar pneumonia preferentially ?
Alcoholics and Diabetics (when aspirated)
34
Buzz word for Klebsiella infection | 4 A's
Red- Currant Jelly ! Aspiration Abscess Alcoholics diAbetics
35
Signs and symptoms of Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever) .
Rose spots on abdomen Diarrhea Fever Headache Resides in gallbladder in carrier state.
36
Campylobacter often pre-cedes what two illness ?
Guillain Barre | Reactive Arthritis
37
This gram - organism can cause symptoms similar to Crohns or appendicitis and is transmitted via pet feces, contaminated milk or pork.
Yersinia enterolitica
38
Besides peptic ulcer disease, what can H.pylori cause
Adenocarcinoma | Lymphoma
39
How would you treat H.pylori
Triple therapy PPI Clarithromycin Amoxicillin or metronidizole
40
Spirochete that can be visualized by Giemsa stain
Borrelia Leptospira and Treponema are t0o small and are usually diagnosed by dark field or IF.
41
This spirochete is found in water contaminated with animal urine. Causes jaundice, photophobia and conjunctivitis. SURFERS IN HAWAII
Leptospira Interrogans
42
Severe form of Leptospira infection
Weil Disease : Jaundice, azotemia, fever hemorrhage and anemia.
43
What organism causes Lyme disease ?
Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochete, giemsa stain +)
44
What is the natural reservoir for Borrelia ?
MICE (not deer!)
45
Stage I of Lymes disase
Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Chronicum Migrans)
46
Stage II Lymes Disease
Neuorlogic (facial palsy) | Cardiac Issues
47
Stage III Lymes Disease
Musculoskeletal and neurologic (encephalopathy and polyneuropathy) Monoarthritis
48
Lyme Disease Syptoms: FACE
Facial nerve palsy Arthritis Cardiac block Erythema migrans
49
Syphilis is caused by
Treponema pallidum
50
Primary Syphilis
PAINLESS Chancre on genitals (Treponema present)
51
Secondary Syphilis
Copper colored maculopapular rash on entirety of body (Palms and Soles) Condyloma Lata (Wart like lesion on the genitals, Treponema present ),
52
Tertiary Syphilis
Gummas Aortitis Neurosyphilis (Tabes Dorsalis, argyle robertson pupil )
53
Congenital Syphilis
``` Saber Shins Hutchinson teeth Saddle nose CN VIII Deafness Mulberry molar ```
54
How do you screen for syphilis ?
VDRL
55
Why must you confirm +VDRL syphilis test with FTA-ABS (Immunofluorescence) ?
VDRL has many False Positive VIruses (mono, hepatitis) Drugs Rheumatic Fever Lupus***, Lerposy
56
What is the treatment for Syphilis ?
Penicillin G
57
What causes the Jarisch Herxheimer Rxn ?
Release of pyrogens after spirochetes destroyed in syphilis
58
Vector: Bartonella
Cat scratch fever (Cats)
59
Vector: Borrelia reccurentis
Reccurent fever (from Louse)
60
Vector:Campylobacter (zoonoses)
Puppies, livestock (fecal oral0
61
Vector:Chlamydophila psittaci
Parrots and other idiot birds
62
Vector:Coxiella burnetti
Q fever . Cattle Sheep amniotic Fluid
63
Vector:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Lone star tick (Ehrlichiosis
64
Vector:Francisella tularensis
Rabbits (tularemia)
65
Vector:Leptospirosis (leptospira interrogans)
ANimal piss (Weil Disease, learn it fool)
66
Vector:Lerposy (in the US)
Armadillos
67
Vector: Pasturella multicoccida
Animal bites (dog/cat)
68
Vector:Rickettsia prowazecki
Epidemic typhus (louse)
69
Vector: Ricketsiaa ricketsii
RMSF (tick)
70
Vector: Rickettsia typhi
Endmic typhus (Flea)
71
Yersina pestis
black plague haha (flea)
72
Gram variable rod, causitive agent of Bacterial Vaginosis . "Clue Cell" , fishy odor (non-painful).
Gardnerella vaginalis
73
Gardnerella vaginalis treatment
Metronidazole
74
Treatment for all Rickettsial Diseases
Doxycycline (REGARDLESS OF AGE, more important than bone, Cardiac Damage can kill you)
75
Centripital rash, starting at wrist and going to trunk. Cover palms and soles. SE United States, out in the woods.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
76
Rickettsial rash beginning on Trunk and moving out in centrifugal manner
Typhus (Rickettsia prowazecki or Rickettsia Typhi)
77
What is present in the cytoplasm of monocytes infected with Ehrlichia ?
Morula (NO RASH IS SEEN)
78
Which is the infectious form of Chlamydia: Elementary or Reticulate body ?
Elementary (enters via endocytosis. Chlamydia are obligate intracellular organisms) Reticulate body is for replication
79
Treatment for all Chlamydia
Azithromycin (one time treatment) Can give doxy too
80
Chlamydia Trachomatis Type A,B,C
African Conjunctivitis, Blindness (conjunctivitis), Chronic infection
81
Chlamydia Trachomatis Type D-K
Urethritis, PID , Neonatal pneumonia
82
Chlamydia Trachomatis Type L1,L2,L3
Lymphogranuloma venerum : LGV may begin as a self-limited PAINLESS genital ulcer that occurs at the contact site 3–12 days after infection...Lymphadenopathy and buboes appear
83
What disease is caused by Mycoplama pneumoniae ?
Walking Pneumonia Non-productive cough, sweating, diffuse interstitial infiltrate
84
Mycoplama pneumoniae diagnosis
High titer of IgM cold Agglutinins Growth on Eatons Agar X-ray with interstitial infiltrate beyond presentation of patient illness
85
What is found in the cell membrane of Mycoplama pneumoniae ?
Sterols (for support since they do not have cell walls)
86
What is the treatment for Mycoplama pneumoniae ?
Macrolide of Fluoroquinolones (penicillins will not work since there is no cell wall)

Board Review: Microbiology (7 decks)

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