Virology Flashcards by Andrew Gregson

What are the three variations of viruses in terms of envelops and capsid

Naked, icosahedral
Enveloped, icosahedral
Enveloped, helical

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Recombination

Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over

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Reassortment

when viruses WITH SEGMENTED GENOMES exchange segments. High frequency of recombination (causes of pandemics)

Genetic Shift

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COmplementation

When a two viruses infect a cell and one viruses makes up for the lack of a protein in the other so that both are functional

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Phenotype mixing

When two viruses infect the same cell, capsid of one can be coated wit hteh envelope of another. (no change in genetic material however)

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Live attenuated vaccines

Smallpox
Yellow fever
Chicken pox
MMR
Sabin (Polio)

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Killed Vaccines

Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Saulk)
Hep A

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Recombinant viral Vaccines

Hep B

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What is the only DNA virus that is not dsDNA ?

Parvovirus (like B19)

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What are the only DNA viruses that do not have a linear chromosome ?

Papilloma, Polyoma and Hepadnaviruses

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What is the only RNA virus that is not ssRNA ?

Reoviridae

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Positive stranded RNA Viruses

Retroviridae
Togaviridae
Coronaviridae 
Hepviridae 
Caliciviridae
Picornaviridae

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What is true of the naked RNA from a negative sense RNA virus ?

They are not infectious (whereas naked RNA from a + sense RNA is !)

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What are the only viruses that show diploid behavior ?

Retroviridae, two identical ssRNA molecules

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What is the only family of DNA virus that does not replicate in the nucleus ?

POX (remember this family does not include chicken pox, that is a herpesviridae)

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What are the only two RNA viruses that do not replicate in the CYTOPLASM ?

Influenza and Retroviridae.

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Naked DNA viruses

Papoviridae
Adenoviridae
Parvoviridae
Polyomaviridae

PAPP smear

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What are the Naked RNA Viruses ?

Picornaviruses (Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, Hep A)
Calicivirus
Reovirus
Hepevirus

CPR for Hep (Calici, Picorna, Reo and Hepe)

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DNA Viruses : HHP PAPP

Herpes (Env)
Hepadna (Env)
Pox (Env)

Papilloma
Adenom
Parvo
Polyoma

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What is the only family of DNA virus that is not icosahedral ?

Pox (complex and huge)

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Again, what are the DNA viruses that do not replicate in the Nucleus ?

POX ! (Has own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

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What are the Enveloped DNA Viruses /

Herpes
Hepadna
Pox

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List the viruses which fall under ‘Herpesviridae’

HSV 1/2
VZV
EBV 
CMV
HHV6
HHV7 (along with HHV6 is can cause roseola)
HHV8

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What Hepatitis virus is actually part of the Hepadnavirus family ?

Hep B (Hep A is a picornaviruse, Hep C is a Flavi)

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What can occur in patients who have a parvovirus infection and sickle cell diseae ?

Aplastic Crisis

What viruses are part of the Papoviridae ?

Papilloma virus ( HPV )

Polyoma Viruses are...

JC : Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (Junk cerebellum) | BK : Seen in transplant patients (Bum Kidney)

Which viruses are part of the Poxviridae ?

Molluscum Contagiosum Varioloa (small pox) Vaccinia (cow pox)

What serotype of HSV can cause herpes encephalopathy ?

HSV1 (its close to the brain, closer than HSV2) Temporal love

Where does HSV2 lay dormant ?

Sacral Ganglia

Where does VZV usually lay dormant ?

Trigeminal Ganglia Can cause encephalitis

Where does EBV lay dormant ?

In B-cells !!!!!!!!

Where diseases is EBV associated with ?

Burkitt Lymphoma Hodgkins Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (asians)

What is the buzz word for CMV infection ?

Owl Eye Inclusion

Where does CMV stay latent ?

Mononuclear cells

What disease is associated with HHV6 ?

Roseola (HIGH fever, lace like rash)

What disease is HHV 8 associated with ?

Kaposi Sarcoma

Test of choice fog HSV identification ?

PCR

What kind of cells do you see in HSV infection ?

Multinucleated (detected with Tzank smear)

What is the type of inclusion seen in cells infected with HSV ?

Cowdry Bodies

Review: What is the only RNA virus that is not ssRNA ?

Reovirus

Is reovirus enveloped ?

What two major viruses are part of the Reoviridae family ?

Rotavirus (#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children) | Coltivirus

Picornavirus

Icosahedral Naked ssRNA +

Picornaviruses (PERCH)

``` Polio Echo Rhino Coxsackie Hep A ```

Hepevirus

HEV

What viruses belong to the Calicivirus family ?

Norovirus

Flavivirus

Icosahedral ssRNA + Enveloped

Flaviviruses (all of them)

``` Hep C Dengue Virus Yellow Fever St. Louis encephalitis West Nile ```

Coronaviruses

Helical ssRNA + Enveloped

What viruses are coronoviruses ?

SARS | Common COld

Orthomyxoviridae

Helical ssRNA - Enveloped Replicates in cytoplasm

Orthomyxoviridae (viruses )

Influenza

Paramyxovirus

Helical | ssRNA -

Paramyxoviruses (PRM)

Parainfluenza RSV Mumps/Measels

Togavirus

Icosahedral ssRNA + Enveloped

Togaviruses

Rubella (German Measels) | Eastern and Western Equine Fever

Retroviridae

Icosahedral ssRNA + Enveloped

Retroviruses

HTLV | HIV

Rhabdovirus

Helical ssRNA - Enveloped RABIES !!!

Filoviruses

Helical ssRNA - Enveloped (Remember, all HElicals are enveloped) Ebola Marburg

Arenaviruses

Helical ssRNA- Enveloped LCMV, Lassa Fever

Bunyaviridae

Helical ssRNA- Enveloped Hantavirus Cali Encephalitis Crimean Congo Fevers

Delta Viruses

Helical ssRNA Enveloped Hep D (Needs Hep B complementation to be infective)

All Negative Stranded Viruses

"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication" ``` Arenaviruses Bunya Paramyxo Orthomyxo Filo Rhabdo ```

Segmented Viruses

BOAR Bunyaviridae Orthomyxo Arena Reo

Why does Rhinovirus (a picornavirus) not infect the stomach/ systemic ?

Destroyed by stomach acid

Verctor for Yellow fever and for Dengue ?

Aedes mosquito

mnemonic for Rotavirus effects

Right Out The Anus #1 cause of deadly diarrhea in infants.

Hemmaglutinin

Needed for viral entry of Influenza

Neuramninadase

Cleaves vision from the cell and allows release of virus

Posterior auricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, rash starts at head and goes down

Rubella (Togavirus : +ssRNA, Enveloped, Icosahedral)

The Three C's of Measels (Rubeola)

Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis

What are tell tale signs of Measels seen in the oral mucosa ?

Koplick Spots

Describe the rash of measles

Starting behind the ears | Descending maculopapular rash

What is a severe complication of Measels ?

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (occurs years after)

What are the symptoms of Mumps (a paramyxovirus)

Parotitis Orchitis Meningitis Paramyxovirus: - ssRNA , Helical , Enveloped Includes Parinfluenzae, RSV and Measels/Mumps

What is the cellular buzz word for Rhabies ?

Negri body !!!! (found in the purkinje cells of cerebellum)

Virology Flashcards

(78 cards)