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medically important microbes > gram + cocci > Flashcards

gram + cocci Flashcards

1
Q
  • skin and soft tissue infections
  • abscesses
  • endocarditis
  • sepsis
  • gastroenteritis (food poisoning)
  • pneumonia (rarely)
  • toxic shock syndrome
A

Staphylococcus aureus diseases

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2
Q
  • gram + cocci in clusters
  • coagulase positive (if initial lab report reads coagulase negative Staphylococci, think S. epidermidis which is less likely to be pathogenic than S. aureus)
  • most isolates produce beta-lactamase
A

Staphylococcus aureus characteristics

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3
Q
  • found on human skin and in nose

- transmission is usually via the hands

A

Staphylococcus aureus habitat and transmission

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4
Q
  • Gram stain AND Routine C and S
A

Staphylococcus aureus lab dx

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5
Q

Beware of hospital acquired methicillin resistant _____ as well as community acquired ____.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q
  • infections on prostheses

- intravascular catheter infections

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis diseases

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7
Q
  • gram + cocci in clusters

- coagulase -

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus characteristics

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8
Q
  • normal flora of skin and mucus membranes
A

Staphylococcus epidermidis habitat

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9
Q

UTI in young women (however, E. coli is more commonly the cause of UTIs)

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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10
Q

suppurative (pus-producing) diseases

immunologic diseases

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) diseases

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11
Q
  • gram + cocci in chains

- beta-hemolytic (hemolysis)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) characteristics

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12
Q
  • human throat and skin

- transmitted via respiratory droplets

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) habitat and transmission

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13
Q
  • gram stain and culture
  • when you suspect it to be the cause of pharyngitis, you can order a “strep screen” or rapid strep antigen test.
  • when rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis is suspected, the strep screen and throat C&S will be negative, so you’ll need to order anti-streptococcal antibody titers
A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) lab dx

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14
Q

Rheumatic fever lab dx

A

anti-streptolysin O (ASO) identifies previous infection

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15
Q

Glomerulonephritis lab dx

A

streptococcal Dnase B ab

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16
Q

immunologic diseases for Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep)

A
  • rheumatic fever

- glomerulonephritis

17
Q

suppurative (pus-producing) diseases for Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep)

A
  • pharyngitis (strep throat)
  • cellulitis and erysipelas
  • toxic shock syndrome
18
Q

neonatal meningitis and sepsis

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) disease

19
Q
  • gram + cocci in chains

- beta hemolytic

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) characteristics

20
Q
  • habitat is the vagina

- transmission occurs during birth

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) habitat and transmission

21
Q

Urinary tract and biliary tract infection are most common

A

Enterococcus faecalis disease

22
Q
  • gram + cocci in chains

- vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important cause of nosocomial infections

A

Enterococcus faecalis characteristics

23
Q
  • habitat is the colon, urethra, and female genital tract can be colonized
  • may enter bloodstream during GI or GU surgery
A

Enterococcus faecalis habitat and transmission

24
Q
  • gram stain AND culture
A

Enterococcus faecalis lab dx
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) lab dx
Streptococcus pneumoniae lab dx
Viridans Group Streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and others) lab dx

25
Q

Most common are OM and sinusitis (mostly in children), and community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis (mostly adults)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases

26
Q
  • gram + “lancent-shaped” cocci in pairs (diplococci) or short chains
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae characteristics

27
Q
  • habitat is the human upper respiratory trat

- transmission is via respiratory droplets

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae habitat and transmission

28
Q

endocarditis is the most important disease

A

Viridans Group Streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and others) disease

29
Q
  • gram + cocci in chains
A

Viridans Group Streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and others) characteristics

30
Q

habitat is the human oropharynx

A

Viridans Group Streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis, and others) habitat

medically important microbes (3 decks)

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