medically important viruses

Question 1

HIV disease

AIDS

Answer 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus diseases

Question 2

Retrovirus

Answer 2

HIV

Question 3

transfer of body fluids, transplacental and perinatal

Answer 3

HIV transmission

Question 4

attaches to CD4 cell on helper T cells and other cells

Answer 4

HIV pathogenesis

Question 5

HIV Ab tests

PCR-based assays for confirmation and to asses viral load (the amount of HIV RNA in the plasma)

Answer 5

HIV lab dx

Question 6

DNA viruses (8)

Answer 6

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2
Varicella-Zoster virus
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Adenovirus
Parvovirus B 19

Question 7

RNA viruses (5)

Answer 7

Rhinoviruses
Coronavirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Parainfluenza Virus
Influenza Virus

Question 8

fever blisters
cold sores
keratitis
encephalitis

Answer 8

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV type 1) diseases

Question 9

saliva or direct contact with vesicle

Answer 9

HSV type 1 transmission

Question 10

initial vesicular lesion of mouth or face

latent in trigeminal ganglia

Answer 10

HSV type 1 pathogenesis

Question 11

PCR-based assays
viral cultures
serologic tests

Answer 11

HSV type 1 & type 2 lab dx
Varicella-Zoster virus lab dx
CMV lab dx

Question 12

herpes genitalis
aseptic meningitis
neonatal infection

Answer 12

HSV type 2 diseases

Question 13

via sexual contact and birth canal

Answer 13

HSV type 2 transmission

Question 14

initial vesicular lesions on genitalia

latent in ganglia

Answer 14

HSV type 2 pathogenesis

Question 15

chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster)

Answer 15

Varicella-Zoster virus diseases

Question 16

varicella by respiratory droplets

herpes zoster is not transmitted but occurs by reactivation of latent virus

Answer 16

Varicella-Zoster transmission

Question 17

initial infection begins in oropharynx and spreads to skin

latent in ganglia after initial chickenpox infection

Answer 17

Varicella-Zoster pathogenesis

Question 18

warts (verrucae)
genital warts (condyloma acuminata)
associated with cervical cancer and cancer of penis

Answer 18

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) diseases

Question 19

direct contact of skin or genital lesions

Answer 19

HPV transmission

Question 20

clinical dx

PCR-based assays for HPV DNA are used

Answer 20

HPV lab dx

Question 21

infectious mononucleosis

Burkett’s lymphoma in E. African kids

Answer 21

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Question 22

by saliva

Answer 22

EBV transmission

Question 23

initial infection begins in pharynx and spread to cervical lymph nodes, then travels to liver and spleen
establishes latency in B lymphocytes

Answer 23

EBV pathogenesis

Question 24

heterophil Ab positive (mono-spot test)
lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes on CBC smear
EBV Ab tests
PCR-based assays

Answer 24

EBV lab dx

Question 25

``` congenital abnormalities monocucleosis-like illness in immunocompetent patients heptatitis pneumonitis retinitis encephalitis in immunocompromised pts often times an *opportunistic infection* ```

Answer 25

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases

Question 26

many body fluids; transmitted across placenta and by organ transplantation

Answer 26

CMV transmission

Question 27

upper and lower respiratory tract infections: URI, pharyngitis, pneumonia

Answer 27

Adenovirus diseases

Question 28

respiratory droplets

Answer 28

Adenovirus transmission

Question 29

usually clinical dx for URI and pharyngitis PCR-based assays are available viral culture serological tests

Answer 29

Adenovirus lab dx

Question 30

influenza a, b, and c

Answer 30

influenza virus diseases

Question 31

segmented genome | many species of animals have their own influenza a viruses

Answer 31

influenza virus characteristics

Question 32

respiratory droplets | inflects epithelium of respiratory tract

Answer 32

influenza virus transmission

Question 33

clinical dx rapid antigen tests cell cultures of nasopharyngeal washing pcr-based assays are available

Answer 33

influenza virus lab dx

Question 34

bronchiolitis and croup in children | common cold in adults

Answer 34

parainfluenza virus diseases

Question 35

respiratory droplets

Answer 35

parainfluenza virus transmission

Question 36

clinical dx pcr-based assays viral culture serological tests

Answer 36

parainfluenza lab dx

Question 37

most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants

Answer 37

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) diseases

Question 38

respiratory droplets

Answer 38

respiratory syncytial virus transmission

Question 39

pcr-based assays rapid antigen tests viral culture

Answer 39

respiratory syncytial virus lab dx

Question 40

common cold COVID-19 SARS

Answer 40

coronavirus diseases

Question 41

respiratory droplets

Answer 41

coronavirus transmission

Question 42

clinical dx | pcr-based assays are available

Answer 42

coronavirus lab dx

Question 43

common cold

Answer 43

rhinovirus diseases

Question 44

aerosol droplets and hand to nose contact

Answer 44

rhinovirus transmission

Question 45

clinical dx | pcr-based assays are available

Answer 45

rhinovirus lab dx

Question 46

erythema infectiosum (fifth's disease/slapped cheek syndrome) aplastic anemia arthritis hydrops fetalis

Answer 46

parvovirus b 19 diseases

Question 47

respiratory droplets and transplacental

Answer 47

parvovirus b 19 transmission

Question 48

clinical dx serological tests pcr-based assays are available

Answer 48

parvovirus b 19 lab dx

Question 49

viruses primarily associated with the enteric tract

Answer 49

coxsackieviruses norovirus (norwalk virus) rotavirus

Question 50

``` herpangina pericarditis aseptic meningitis hand foot and mouth disease (A16 serotype) linked to juvenile DM (B4 serotype) ```

Answer 50

coxsackievirus diseases

Question 51

fecal-oral route

Answer 51

coxsackievirus, norovirus, and rotavirus transmission

Question 52

initial site of infection is oropharynx, then settles in GI tract

Answer 52

coxsackievirus pathogenesis

Question 53

pcr-based assay *viral culture* serological tests

Answer 53

coxsackievirus lab dx

Question 54

gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea)

Answer 54

norovirus (norwalk virus) disease

Question 55

clinical dx | pcr-based assay is available

Answer 55

norovirus and rotavirus lab dx

Question 56

gastroenteritis especially in CHILDREN

Answer 56

rotavirus disease

Question 57

viruses with animal reservoirs and/or transmitted by arthropods

Answer 57

rabies hantavirus west nile virus zika virus

Question 58

rabies encephalitis

Answer 58

rabies disease

Question 59

mainly skunks, raccoons, bats | dogs in developing countries

Answer 59

rabies reservoir

Question 60

primary through the bite of an infected animal

Answer 60

rabies transmission

Question 61

pcr-based assay | serological test

Answer 61

rabies lab dx hantavirus lab dx zika virus lab dx

Question 62

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (pneumonia)

Answer 62

hantavirus disease

Question 63

deer mice

Answer 63

hantavirus reservoir

Question 64

inhalation of dried excrement from infected mice

Answer 64

hantavirus transmission

Question 65

west nile fever meningitis encephalitis flaccid paralysis

Answer 65

west nile virus diseases

Question 66

wild birds

Answer 66

west nile virus reservoir

Question 67

bite of infected culex mosquito

Answer 67

west nile virus transmission

Question 68

serological tests of serum or csf | pcr-based assay is available

Answer 68

west nile virus lab dx

Question 69

zika fever and zika congenital syndrome (microencephaly and a variety of fetal abnormalities) in pregnant women, can cause fetal loss or hydrops fetalis in children, it can cause ocular, cardiac, and neurological abnormalities

Answer 69

zika virus diseases

Question 70

bite of infected aedes mosquito | placental transmission, sexual contact, and blood

Answer 70

zika virus transmission