Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Gram (+) Cocci, G(-) Cocci, G(+) Aerobic Rods > Flashcards

Gram (+) Cocci, G(-) Cocci, G(+) Aerobic Rods Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which gram positive cocci are beta hemolytic?

A

S. pyogenes (Group A)
S. agalactiae (Group B)
S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which media isolates staphylococci?

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

Mannitol fermentation = yellow colonies = S. aureus

Staphylococcus epidermis = growth but no color change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) isolate?

A

Gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What differentiates Enterococcus from other streptococci

A

Bile esculin (+)

Black colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gram positive cocci are catalase positive?

A

Staphylococci
Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gram positive cocci are catalase negative?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reagent for catalase test?

A

3% H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does free coagulase react with?

A

Coagulase reacting factor (CRF)

This forms a visible clot in coagulase test tube test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does bound coagulase not react with?

A

CRF

In coagulase slide test
Clumping = +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is PYR (+)?

A

Enterococcus or S. pyogenes = (+)

Other streptococci = (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What color is PYR if positive?

A

Pink/red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is positive for LAP (leucine amino peptidase)?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Pediococcus

Tests for enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bile solubility (+)?

A

S. pneumoniae, colonies disintegrate

Differentiates E. faecalis (-), colonies remain intact, and differentiates other alpha hemolytic strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is CAMP (+)?

A

S. agalactiae

Lyses RBCs of S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gram stain of Staphylococcus

A

G(+) cocci in grape-like clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staphylococcus colonies

A

Large
Creamy yellow
Beta hemolytic
Non-motile
Resistant to bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S. aureus

A

Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Food poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

Honeymooners Disease - UTI in sexually active women

Normal flora in urogenital tract

Novobiocin resistance (separates from S. epidermidis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which staphylococcus is coagulase (+)?

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which staphylococci is novobiocin Resistant?

A

S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Micrococcus

A

Gram (+) cocci in tetrads

Strict aerobes

Normal flora of skin, mucosa, oral pharynx

Small, yellow, smooth colonies

Susceptible to bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lysostaphin resistant (-)

A

Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bacitracin susceptible (in G + cocci, catalase +)

A

Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gram stain of streptococcus
Gram (+) cocci in chains Think: Strips
26
Hemolysins for S. pyogenes
Streptolysin S: stable in presence of O2, large beta hemolysis zone around colonies Streptolysin O: inhibited when exposed to O2, enhanced hemolysis around stabs in agar
27
S. pyogenes diseases
Suppurative (pus) Strep throat Scarlet fever Necrotizing faciitis Bacteremia Rheumatic fever (damage to heart valves)
28
S. pyogenes biochemical tests
PYR (+) LAP (+) Bacitracin S
29
S. agalactiae
Normal flora of GI tract and urogenital tract Small, translucent, small zone of beta hemolysis Early onset: <7 days, pneumonia and sepsis Late onset: 1 wk-3 months, meningitis Adults: UTI, wound/soft tissue infection, pneumoniae, bacteremia Check in pregnant women and treat at delivery
30
S. pyogenes vs. S. agalactiae
Group A: PYR (+), Bacitracin S Group B: PYR (-), Bacitracin R, Hippurate (+), CAMP (+)
31
S. pneumoniae (gram stain shape, normal flora)
Lancet shaped diplococci Normal flora of nasopharynx Alpha hemolytic Small colonies in un-encapsulated strains, larger mucoid round colonies in encapsulated strains (Quelling reaction)
32
Diseases of S. pneumoniae
Bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis
33
S. pneumoniae biochemical tests
Optochin susceptible Bile solubility (+)
34
Enterococcus faecalis/faecium
Normal human flora of GI and vaginal tract Large, gray colonies with a sheen Non-hemolytic Catalase (-) PYR (+) Bile esculin (+) Optochin resistant - resistant to more antibiotics than other GPC
35
Group D Strep (Non-Enterococcus)
PYR (-) LAP (+)
36
Associated with Chlamydia
Neisseria gonorrheae
37
Halo around colonies
Corynebacterium on CTBA and TIN
38
LAP (+)
Strepcoccus Enterococcus
39
PYR (+)
S. pyogenes Enterococcus
40
Bile esculin (+)
Enterococcus Group D
41
Which organisms have necrotizing fasciitis?
S. pyogenes Bacillus anthracis
42
B. anthracis vs other Bacillus sp
Non-hemolytic
43
B cereus vs other Bacillus
Penicillin resistant
44
S. mutans disease
Dental caries
45
Viridans normal flora
Respiratory tract GI Urogenital tract
46
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Nutritionally deficient strep Requires cysteine or pyridoxal supplements to grow Grows satellite colonies around S. aureus
47
Optochin susceptible
S. pneumoniae
48
Bacitracin susceptible
S. pyogenes
49
Bile solubility (+)
S. pneumoniae
50
PYR and 6.5% NaCl (+)
Enterococcus Differentiates Group D
51
Aerococcus
Forms biofilms, clumps platelets Airborne UTI, Endocarditis, bacteremia 6.5% NaCl (+) but bile esculin (-) Gram (+) clusters
52
Capnophilic
Neisseria
53
Media for Neisseria
SBA Chocolate MTM Martin-Lewis NYC
54
Superoxol test
N. gonorrhoeae
55
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Usually seen in men Can cause conjunctivitis in babies Need CO2 Coffee bean diplococci Accompanied with Chlamydia
56
Waterhouse-Friederichsen Syndrome
Neisseria meningitidis
57
Serological groups in the US (Neisseria)
B, C, Y
58
Moraxella catarrhalis
Hydrolyzes tributyrin Hockey puck colonies - slide around if you push with a stick Wagon wheel for older colonies colonies Reduces nitrate Cannot produce acids from carbohydrates
59
N. cinerea vs Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella
N. cinerea: susceptible to Colistin The others are resistant
60
N. gonorrhoeae does NOT grow on this agar
SBA
61
N. gonorrhoeae utilizes what sugar(s)?
Glucose
62
N. meningitidis utilizes what sugar(s)?
Glucose Maltose
63
N. lactamica utilizes what sugar(s)?
Glucose Maltose Lactose
64
N. sicca utilizes what sugar(s)?
Glucose Maltose Sucrose
65
Moraxella catarrhalis utilizes what sugar?
None. Hydrolyzes butyrate/tributyrin
66
Media for G(+) aerobic bacilli
SBA Chocolate PEA Cystine tellurite blood agar (CTBA) Modified Tinsdale Agar (TIN) Loeffler Human blood bilayer Tween agar Columbia Colistin-naladixic agar
67
Resistant to penicillin
B. cereus B. cereus is serious about resistance!!
68
Bacillus
Gram (+) bacilli in chains (looks like boxcars) Has spores that help with desiccation and heat in soil Transmission: trauma, ingestion, inhalation, injection
69
B. cereus
Food poisoning, eating contaminated food with spores Wound and eye infections, ex: kid playing in soil and rubbing eye Beta hemolytic Catalase (+) Motility (+) Hemolysis (+) PEA (+) Gelatin hydrolysis (+) Positive for a bunch of things basically Penicillin resistant
70
Bacillus anthracis vs other bacillus
Non-hemolytic
71
Bacillus anthracis gram stain and colony morphology
Gram stain: string of pearls Colonies: Medusa head/beaten egg white
72
Bacillus anthracis biochemical tests
Catalase (+) Motility (-) Gelatin hydrolysis (-) Hemolysis (-) PEA (-) Penicillin sensitive Basically opposite of B. cereus except catalase
73
Bacillus anthracis diseases
Cutaneous anthrax: necrotic skin GI anthrax: ingesting spores, lesions in intestines Inhalation: respiratory, flu-like symptoms Injection: necrotizing fasciitis, injecting spores
74
What are the 2 catalase (+), non-spore forming GPRs?
Corynebacterium Listeria
75
What separates C. diphtheriae from other Corynebacterium?
Urease (-)
76
Media for Corynebacterium
Loeffler CTBA and TIN (halo)
77
Corynebacterium characteristics
Halo on CTBA and TIN agar Chinese characters and palisades (parallel rods to each other) Metachromatic granules Elek Test/Immunodiffusion test: form lines of precipitation Catalase (+) Bile esculin (-) Non-acid fast Growth on SBA Non-spore forming
78
Corynebacterium diseases
Respiratory, tonsils, pharynx Cutaneous Ulcers
79
Listeria monocytogenes
Found in: soil, water, GI tract of animals and humans In cold foods like ice cream, cheese, meats, raw vegetables Tumbling and umbrella motility at RT, non-motile at 37 deg *High mortality in CNS infected patients*
80
Listeria biochemical tests
CAMP - block hemolysis Catalase (+) Bile esculin (+) - differentiates S. agalactiae Hippurate (+) Beta hemolysis, CAMP (+) block hemolysis Growth in 6.5% NaCl
81
Clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
82
Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Hemolysis (+) on HBT (human blood tween) Urease (+) Catalase (-) Oxidase (-) Non-motile
83
Erysipelothrix thusiopathiae
Zoonotic infection from puncture wound or abrasion. Skin disease (Erysipeloid) Brush-like pattern in motility agar H2S (+) Catalase (-) Esculin hydrolysis (-)
84
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Curved G(+) rods, possible branching Beta hemolytic Reverse CAMP (inhibits beta lysin in S. aureus)
85
Lactobacillus
LONG chains of G(+) rods Catalase (-) Maintains vaginal pH Alpha hemolytic Susceptible to most antibiotics so testing is not done
86
Acinomycete
Branching, filamentous G(+) In soil in humid/tropical environments Transmission: wounds, abrasions on skin
87
Nocardia asteroides
Resistance to intracellular killing - inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion - steals iron (produces nocobactin) Colonies look like stars
88
Nocardia brasiliensis
From skin puncture (thorn/wood splinter) Swelling, draining sinuses with pus, sulfur granules
89
Actinomycete that is NOT partially acid fast
Streptomyces
90
Whipple Disease
Tropheryma whipplei
91
Red, orange colonies From farm animals
Rhodococcus
92
Caramel odor strep
Viridans - S. angiosus
93
Lysozyme resistant (+)
Tsukamurella
94
Pink/orange/red colonies
Rhodococcus Farm animals

Microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions