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Microbiology > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria meningitidis - ** **Coccus

A
  • “Meningococcus”
  • Diplococcus
  • Capsular types include A, B, C, W135, Y
  • Meningitis and sepricaemia
  • Notifiable
  • Rx - benzypenicillin (IV) or ceftriaxone
  • Chemoprophylaxis (rifampicin or ciprofloxacin) to household contacts +/- vaccine
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2
Q

*Neisseria gonorrhoeae - *Coccus

A
  • “Gonococcus”
  • Sexually transmitted
  • Opthalmia neonatorum
  • Rx - high rates of resistance
    • Depending on sensitivity pattern:
      • ​Penicillin (IM)
      • Amoxicillin
      • Ciprofloxacin
      • Azithromycin
      • Cefixime
  • ​​Consider other STI
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3
Q

*Haemophilus influenzae - *Coccobacillus

A
  • Requires x (haemin) and V (NAD) for in vitro growth
  • Polysaccharide capsule (serotypes a-f)
  • Meningitis and epiglottitis
  • Hib vaccine
  • Non-capsular strains - otitis media, sinusitis, COPD exacerbations
  • Rx - amoxicillin or ceftriaxone (meningitis)
  • 5-10% beta-lactamase poisitive
  • Rx - co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
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4
Q

*Moraxella catarrhalis - *Coccobacillus

A
  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis
  • Exacerbations of COPD
  • Tributyrin positive
  • Rx - beta-lactamase positive
  • Rx - co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
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5
Q

*Bordatella pertussis - *Coccobacillus

A
  • Pertussis/ whooping cough
  • Pertussis vaccine
  • Per-nasal swabs - grow on Bordet Genou agar
  • Rx - erythromycin
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6
Q

*Brucella species - *Coccobacillus

A
  • Zoonotic
  • *B.melitensis - *goats, sheep
  • *B.abortus - * cattle
  • Slow growing
  • Urease positive
  • Rx - gentamicin plus rifampicin
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7
Q

Escherichia coli - lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GU/GI tract
  • UTIs
  • Diarrhoea
  • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (0157)
  • Rx - co-amoxiclav or trimethoprin
  • Increasing rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance
  • Neonatal meningitis - Rx - cefotaxime
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8
Q

*Kleibsella pneumoniae - *lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GI tract
  • UTI
  • LRTI
  • Amoxicillin resistant
  • Rx - co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin
  • Increasing rates of ESBL
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9
Q

Enterobacter cloacae - lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GU/GI tract
  • UTI
  • LRTI
  • Rx - amoxicillin, trimethoprim or ciprofloxacin
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10
Q

Proteus mirabilis - non-lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GU/GI tract
  • Urease positive
  • Swarming colonies
  • UTI
  • Nitrofurantoin resistant
  • Rx - amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin
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11
Q

*Acinebacter species - *non-lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GU/GI tract
  • UTI
  • Healthcare associated infections
  • Trimethoprin resistant
  • Rx - amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin
  • Increasing rates of multi-drug resistance
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12
Q

*Salmonella species - *non-lactose fermentor, glucose fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Food borne
  • Diarrhoea and vomiting
  • Usually self-limiting
  • S.typhi and S.paratyphi
    • ​Rx - ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone
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13
Q

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa - * glucose non-fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Pyoverdin and pyocyanin - green
  • Environmental
  • Healthcare associated infection
  • Chronic colinisation in cystic fibrosis
  • Rx - ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam (ceftazidime, tazocin, meropenem)
  • Resistance problematic
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14
Q

*Burkholderia cepacia - *glucose non-fermentor, aerobic bacillus

A
  • Environmental
  • Chronic colonisation in cystic fibrosis
  • Colistin resistant
  • Rx - difficult
    • ​ciprofloxacin or anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam (ceftazidime, tazocin, meropenem)
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15
Q

*Bacteriodes fragilis - *anaerobic bacillus

A
  • Commensal of GI tract
  • Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection
  • Rx - metronidazole
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16
Q

*Helicobacter pylori - *spiral/curved

A
  • Oxidase positive
  • Strongly urease positive
  • Gastric ulcer disease
17
Q

*Campylobacter species - *spiral/curved

A
  • Oxidase positive
  • Food-borne illnesses
  • Bloody diarrhoea
  • Usually self-limiting
  • Rx - erythromycin or ciprofloxacin if required
18
Q

*Vibrio species - *spiral/curved

A
  • Vibrio cholera
  • Oxidase positive
  • Food borne illness
  • Watery diarrhoea
  • Cholera toxin
  • Rx - hydration and tetracycline

Microbiology (10 decks)

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