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BACTERIOLOGY: P1 (amorikat) > Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

It is the leading cause of sexually transmitted disease

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

It is found in urogenital tract, anorectal area, oropharynx, or conjunctiva

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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3
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Pili

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4
Q

principal virulence factor, promotes attachment of organism to the mucous membrane, initiating infection

A

Pili

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5
Q

affects antibody formation, leukocyte response
and cell mediated immunity

A

Outer membrane proteins

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6
Q

source of endotoxin

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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7
Q

allows the organism to insert itself into the host cells

A

Protein I

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8
Q

allows organism to attach to neutrophils and epithelial cells and to resist the effects of antibodies

A

Protein II

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9
Q

bind to the columnar epithelial cells lining the urethra and cervix.

A

Pili and LOS

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10
Q

also bind to the columnar epithelial cells and then cause the cytoskeleton of the cell to engulf the bacteria bound to the surface of the host cell.

A

opacity associated proteins (Opa)

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11
Q

N. gonorrhoeae produces extracellular secretory________ that clip the Fc portion of the IgA molecules off but allows the Fab portions to remain bound to the bacterial cell surface. Thus, decorating the bacteria with host protein and preventing opsonization by phagocytes.

A

IgA proteases

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12
Q

Those bacteria that are phagocytized by the PMN’s are protected from intracellular killing by the bacterial ________. It prevents the fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome and allows the bacteria to, for a time, survive in the PMN.

A

PorB protein

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13
Q

It means a “flow of seed” and “brothel”

A

Gonorrhea

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14
Q

Acute pyogenic infection mainly of the mucous membranes of endocervix (females) and urethra (males)

A

Gonorrhea

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15
Q

Incubation period of Gonorrhea

A

2 to 7 days

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16
Q

Symptoms: purulent discharge, lower abdominal pain and dysuria (men); dysuria and vaginal bleeding (women)

A

Gonorrhea

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17
Q

Long term effects on female of gonorrhea

A

scarred fallopian tubes and uterus, ectopic pregnancy and sterility

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18
Q

Conjunctivitis acquired by newborns from gonococcus-infected mother during delivery

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

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19
Q

All newborns with Ophthalmia neonatorum are prophylactically treated with________ –(or previously_______) or cream to prevent the infection from occurring

A

antibiotic drops
silver nitrate

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20
Q

Gonococcal infection that spreads to the blood

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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21
Q

Septicemia characterized by hemorrhagic skin infections

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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22
Q

Can cause endocarditis and gonococcal arthritis

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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23
Q

This is discouraged because fatty acids are toxic to the bacterium

A

Cotton swab

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24
Q

Can be used for SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING in Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

A

Dacron rayon,
calcium alginate or
cotton swabs treated with charcoal

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25
For Blood-borne dissemination of gonorrhea – the organism will not be recovered from routine blood cultures because it is inhibited by
SPS
26
Collect blood in evacuated tubes and must be transferred to the broth culture system within
1 hour of collection
27
should be kept at room temperature or placed at 37°C before plating
Body fluids
28
Use ________ before inoculation on culture media
transport medium
29
The direct gram stain of body fluids is best accomplished using a
cytocentrifuge
30
Intracellular gram-negative diplococci, kidney or coffee bean shaped is
Diagnostic for Neisseria
31
Diagnostic microscopy of Neisseria
Intracellular gram-negative diplococci, kidney or coffee bean shaped
32
Specimens on swab should be inoculated or rolled onto media in a _______ and cross-streaked with a loop
Z pattern
33
Neisseria spp is incubated at _____ with ______ which can be achieved using candle jar, CO2 Bio-Bag System or Pouch System or CO2 incubators
35°C with 3-5% CO2
34
consists of a flat bottle with modified Thayer-Martin and a bottle under increased carbon dioxide
Transgrow bottles
35
consists of a flat plastic dish containing a medium selective for gonococci and a tablet that acts as a carbon dioxide generator
JEMBEC (John E. Martin Biological Environmental Chamber)
36
Colonies of Neisseria are typically ______ in color and_______
clear gray to medium gray opaque
37
Is a chocolate agar with enrichment supplement and antibiotics
Thayer Martin Agar (TMA)
38
Antimicrobial agents of Thayer Martin Agar (TMA)
vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin (VCN)
39
Antimicrobial agents of Modified Thayer Martin Agar (MTM)
vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim lactate (VCNT)
40
Antimicrobial agents of Martin Lewis Medium (ML)
vancomycin, colistin, anisomycin, trimethoprim lactate (VCAT)
41
Antimicrobial agents of New York City Medium (NYC)
vancomycin, colistin, trimethoprim and amphotericin (VCTA)
42
A transparent medium with lysed horse blood, horse plasma and yeast dialysate
New York City Medium (NYC)
43
genital mycoplasma (Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum) will also grow on this agar
New York City Medium (NYC)
44
Antimicrobial agents of GC-LECT Medium
vancomycin, colistin, trimethoprim, amphotericin, and lincomycin
45
It is the standard method of identifying N. gonorrhoeae
CHO Utilization Test
46
CHO Utilization Test detects acid production from
glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, and sucrose
47
Medium for CHO Utilization Test
Cystine Trypticase Agar (CTA) – 1% carbohydrate + phenol red
48
Positive result for CHO Utilization Test
yellow color within 24 to 72 hours at 35°C
49
N. gonorrhea ferments________ only
glucose
50
Reagent: 1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
Oxidase Test
51
Positive result of Oxidase Test
purple color within 10 seconds
52
Reagent: 20-30% H2O2
Superoxol Test
53
Positive result of Superoxol Test
vigorous bubbling
54
Most strains of N. gonorrhoeae are resistant to Penicillin therefore injectable_________ are commonly used
cephalosporins
55
Treatment: Single intramuscular of _______ and single dose of ________ for uncomplicated cases.
Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin
56
Treatment: for disseminated infections.
Ceftriaxone and Cefixim
57
Treatment: for Ophthalmia neonatorum
Ceftriaxone
58
Treatment: applied directly to the eye for Ophthalmia neonatorum
Routine prophylaxis of silver nitrate and erythromycin or tetracycline
59
It is the causative agent of epidemic meningococcal meningitis/meningococcemia/cerebrospinal fever/spotted fever
Neisseria meningitidis
60
It is the leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
61
Serogroups are based in the type of
capsular polysaccharide
62
Serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis include
A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, 29E, W135
63
Incubation period of Neisseria meningitidis
1 to 14 days
64
Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis: promotes attachment
Pili
65
Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis: cases petechial formation and DIC
Endotoxin
66
Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis: enables organism to resist phagocytosis and enables them to cross the blood brain barrier, leading to meningitis
Capsule
67
It refers to the presence of N. meningitidis in the blood and can occur as an acute or chronic form
Meningococcemia
68
is characterized by recurrent episodes of meningococcemia, petechiae formation and eventual development of arthritis
Chronic meningococcemia
69
causes the formation of petechial rash which are tiny hemorrhages into the skin which leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, uncontrollable clotting of blood within the bloodstream)
Endotoxin
70
Presence of Neisseria meningitidis in the central nervous system
Meningitis
71
Signs and symptoms: frontal headache, stiff neck, fever (epidemic meningitis in adults)
Meningitis
72
remains the drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal meningitis
Penicillin G
73
Fulminant meningococcemia associated with bleeding in the adrenal glands
Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome
74
to detect carriers, should be plated immediately to the JEMBEC system, or submitted on swabs placed in charcoal transport media
Nasopharyngeal swab
75
Specimen for meningitis
CSF
76
Specimen for meningococcemia
Blood
77
Specimen for petechial rashes
Skin lesions
78
Specimen for septic arthritis
Synovial fluid
79
Intracellular or extracellular gram-negative diplococci with adjacent sides flattened
Neisseria meningitidis
80
Nasopharyngeal swab may contain contaminants therefore a _____ must be used
selective plate (Modified Thayer Martin or Martin Lewis)
81
Colonies are round, smooth, glistening and gray in color; encapsulated strains are mucoid
Neisseria meningitidis
82
In CHO Utilization Test, Neisseria meningitidis ferments
glucose and maltose
83
Oxidase Test: N. meningitidis is oxidase
positive
84
Reagent: cephalosporin disk or cefinase nitrocefin disk
Beta Lactamase test/Cephalosporinase Test
85
Positive result of Beta Lactamase test/Cephalosporinase Test
deep pink/red color
86
Gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase Test: N. meningitidis
Positive
87
the drug of choice for the treatment of meningococcal meningitis and septicemia.
Penicillin
88
A single dose (500 mg) of_____ may be effective for the eradication of meningococcal carriage in adults
ciprofloxacin
89
Patients in whom meningococcal disease is suspected should receive a high dose of this drug, which interferes with synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms
Penicillin G
90
Can be mistaken as Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
91
The most commonly isolated member of the genus Moraxella
Moraxella catarrhalis
92
It is only isolated from humans; an opportunistic pathogen
Moraxella catarrhalis
93
It causes upper respiratory tract infection
Moraxella catarrhalis
94
It is the 3rd most common cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children
Moraxella catarrhalis
95
Is fastidious, encapsulated organism with pili (adhesins) and nonmotile
Moraxella catarrhalis
96
Microscopy: Small intracellular gram-negative diplococci that tend to grow in pair end-to-end; with adjacent sides flattened
Moraxella catarrhalis
97
Moraxella catarrhalis grows on
BAP at 22°C – nonhemolytic nutrient agar at 35°C –nonpigmented, opaque, gray and smooth
98
Moraxella catarrhalis is inhibited on gonococcal media by
colistin
99
Colonies are smooth, opaque, gray to white with “hockey puck” appearance
Moraxella catarrhalis
100
48-hour colony maybe have elevated center, thinner wavelike periphery “wagon wheels” appearance
Moraxella catarrhalis
101
It does not utilize any sugar in CTA medium
Moraxella catarrhalis
102
Asaccharolytic in CHO degradation test – lack oxidative metabolism
Moraxella catarrhalis
103
Positive result of Butyrate Esterase Test
Blue color
104
Specimen for Butyrate Esterase Test
eye or ear culture

BACTERIOLOGY: P1 (amorikat) (2 decks)

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