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RUSVM Bacteriology > Gram Negative Spiral > Flashcards

Gram Negative Spiral Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gram negative spiral bacteria?

A

Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Lawsonia

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2
Q

Are the gram negative spiral bacteria obligate or opportunistic pathogens?

A

Opportunistic

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3
Q

________________ and _______________ gram neg spiral bacteria are extracellular pathogens and _________________ is an obligate intracellular pathogen

A

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Lawsonia intracellularis

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4
Q

What is the shape of campylobacter?

A

Curved rods

Often seagull shaped (what does that even mean?)

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5
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of campylobacter?

A

Microaerophilic (low oxygen to grow, do not survive in environment)

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6
Q

Where do campylobacter live?

A

GI tract or lower genital tract

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7
Q

How do arcobacter spp differ from campylobacter?

A

Arcobacter have campylobacter-like morphology but are aerotolerant and grow at 30C

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8
Q

What disease is caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies. Venerealis

A

Bovine general campylobacteriosis

->early embryonic death

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9
Q

What disease is caused by C. Fetus subspecies. Fetus

A

Bacteraemia and abortion

  • > abortion storm in small ruminants
  • > sporadic abortion
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10
Q

What disease does C. Jejuni cause?

A

Gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and bacteremia in all sp

Dog and cat -> gastroenteritis
Ruminants -> abortion
Young poultry -> gastroenteritis and hepatitis

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11
Q

Under what conditions do you commonly get infection by campylobacter jejuni infection?

A

Poor hygiene, and management

Young animals

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12
Q

Certain serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni are associated with _________________ syndrome which is an acute demyelination of peripheral nerves

A

Gillian-Barre

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13
Q

What are the major sources of foodborne bacterial infection due to campylobacter jejuni?

A

Chicken > raw milk > diarrhetic animals > puppies > contaminated water > meats

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14
Q

Campylobacter jejuni colonized the intestine by use of ________________ . This colonization/invasion of the epithelium can lead to ___________

A

Bipolar flagellum; bacteremia

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15
Q

What toxins are present in campylobacter jejuni?

A

Heat liable enterotoxin -> adenylate cyclase activation => diarrhea

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) -> cell cycle arrest

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16
Q

What are disease associated with campylobacter jejuni?

A

Superficial erosive enteritis
Ileitis-colitis; blood and mucous
Bacteraemia and abortion (rare- severe cases)

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17
Q

How do you diagnose Capylobacter jejuni infection?

A

Fecal culture -> selective agar for microaerophilic conditions

PCR

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18
Q

How do you treat and control campylobacter jejuni infections

A

Usually self limiting
Severe cases -> macrolide and fluoroquinolones

Control with hygiene and management

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19
Q

Avian vitriolic hepatitis can be found in poultry infected with ________________

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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20
Q

T/F: campylobacter jejuni is zoonotic

A

True

Food contaminant

  • > cook meat fully
  • > control house flies
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21
Q

What conditions can campylobacter jejuni cause in humans?

A

Diarrheal
Guillain-Barré syndrome (PNS demyelination)
Reactive arthritis

22
Q

Campylobacter jejuni has resistance to ____________

A

Fluoroquinolones

23
Q

Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis lives subclinically where?

A

Prepupital crypts of bulls

24
Q

How is campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis transmitted

A

Breeding or AI

25
Q

Cattle with endometritis, repeated breeding, extended breeding cycle/prolonged calving intervals, or abortions

A

Campylobacter fetus subsp, venerealis

26
Q

T/F: Bulls infected with campylobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis exhibit balanoposthitis (inflammation of the prepuce and glans)

A

False

Males exhibit no clinical signs

27
Q

How does one diagnose campylobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis ?

A 
Bulls: 
Preputial wash /semen 
Darkfield microscopy 
PCR 
Fluorescent antibody 
Culture

Cow:
Detect antibody (IgA) in cervical/vaginal mucus
Culture/organism detection by not be as sensitive in cows as bulls because microbial numbers are usually lower

28
Q

How do you treat your moo cows with campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis ?

A

Antimicrobials in semen extenders for AI

-> rarely as intrauterine or preputial infusion

29
Q

How do you control your campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis

A

Breed only negative bulls

Use young bulls
Vaccinate herd (short lived)
Local immunity restores reproductive soundness and eventually clears the organism

30
Q

Where does. Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus live

A

Commesals of intestinal tract in sheep and cattle

31
Q

What disease does campylobacter fetus subsp fetus cause in sheep and cattle

A

Ovine genital campylobacteriosis

Cattle: occasional abortions

32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of campylobacter fetus subsp fetus

A

Sheep -> ingest contaminated food/H2O -> bacteremia -> inflammation of placental and abortion

33
Q

What is the shape of Helicobacter?

A

Small spiral rods

34
Q

What are the O2 requirements for Helicobacter

A

Microaerophilic

35
Q

Where do helicobacter live?

A

Commensalism of gastric mucosa and intestine

36
Q

What does helicobacter pylori cause

A

Gastric ulcers

Associated with gastic neoplasms

37
Q

What virulence factors does H. pylori have?

A 
Adhesions and flagella
Endotoxins
Extracellular urease (acid-neutralizing) mucinase, vacuolating cytotoxic, and catalase
38
Q

______________ is involved in hypergastrinemia and peptic ulcers in ferrets

A

Helicobacter mustelae

39
Q

_____________ and ________________ are mouse pathogens involved in hepatic necrosis, nonsupperative hepatitis, and hepatocellular tumors

A

H. Hepaticus and H. Billis

40
Q

How do you diagnose a helicobacter infection?

A 
Endoscopy and biopsy 
Urease-> breath test 
Microscopy/histopatholgoy
Serology 
PCR
41
Q

How do you treat a Helicobacter infection?

A

Proton pump inhibitor and antimicrobials (amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, and bismuth)

42
Q

What is the only way to culture Lawsonia intracellularis??

A

Enterocyte cell lines

43
Q

What disease is associated with lawsonia intracellularis

A

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (intestinal adenomatosis)

44
Q

Who are the hosts of lawsonia intracellularis

A

Broad host range

Foal, pig, ferret, hamster, nonhuman primates

45
Q

Where does lawsonia replicate

A

Apical cytoplasm of enterocytes

46
Q

T/F: lawsonia are intracellular bacteria

A

True

47
Q

Weaning pigs

Reduced weight gain and proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

Also common in yearling foals

48
Q

How do you diagnose a lawsonia infection

A

Histopathology -> sliver stain
IHC
PCR

49
Q

How do you treat a lawsonia infection?

A

Antimicrobials in feed/water

Carbadox, spectinomycin, tylosin, macrolides, and tetracyclines

50
Q

Lawsonia has antimicrobial resistance to ?

A

B lactams and aminoglycosides

51
Q

T/F: Lawsonia intracellularis has a vaccine in swine

A

True

52
Q

Donut like lesions in the fetal liver are pathoneumonic for what bacteria?

A

C. Fetus and c. Jejuni

RUSVM Bacteriology (7 decks)

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