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Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

How many colony forming units per ml indicates bacterial pneumonia in BAL specimens?

A

> 10^4 CFU/mL = 10,000

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2
Q

Staph AUREUS is susceptible to ______ (bacitracin (A) / furazolidone (FX)) and resistant to (bacitracin(A) / furazolidone (FX))

A

susceptible to furazolidone; resistant to bacitracin

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3
Q

Micrococcus is susceptible to ______ (bacitracin (A) / furazolidone (FX)) and resistant to (bacitracin(A) / furazolidone (FX))

A 
Susceptible= bacitracin
Resistant= furazolidone
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4
Q

Where does SAUR naturally colonize?

A

Nares, skin folds, perineum, axillae, vagina

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5
Q

What organism cause pyoderma, folliculitis, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncles, and post surgical wound infections?

A

SAUR

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6
Q

What are THREE toxin-mediated infections caused by SAUR?

A

Scalded scalp syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and food poisioning

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7
Q

What organism causes scalded scalp syndrome in neos?

A

SAUR

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8
Q

What are SAUR virulence factors that interfere with phagocytosis? (4)

A

Capsules, Protein A, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), and coagulase

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9
Q

SAUR can cause food poisoning in how many hours after ingesting enterotoxin?

A

2-8 hours

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10
Q

Name three enzymes that SAUR possesses as virulence factors

A

Fibrinolysins, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase C

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11
Q

What type of coagulase is known as “bound coagulase” or “clumping factor”?

A

Slide coagulase

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12
Q

What type of coagulase (slide or tube) reacts directly with fibrinogen in plasma causing rapid cell agglutination?

A

Slide

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13
Q

What coagulase negative staph species produce clumping factor and may be positive with slide coagulase?

A

Staph lugdunensis and S. schleiferi

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14
Q

What is the next step if the slide coagulase test is negative?

A

Perform tube coagulase

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15
Q

What type of coagulase is associated with TUBE coagulase? (Bound or free)

A

Free coagulase

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16
Q

What type of coagulase (Bound/Free) reacts with substance in plasma called caogulase-reacting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

A

Free - tube coagulase

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17
Q

If a tube coagulase test is negative after 4 hours incubated at 35C, what is the next step?

A

Held at room temperature and read again after 18-24 hours

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18
Q

RARE: some SCNE isolates such as S. intermedius, S. hyicus, S. delphini, S. schleiferi may be _____ (slide/tube) coagulase positive

A

Tube

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19
Q

What organism is resistant to LysoStaphin?

A

Micrococcus

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20
Q

Staph lugdunensis and Staph schleiferi may produce clumping factor and be positive with what test?

A

Latex Agglutination test

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21
Q

What organism is associated with indwelling urinary catheters and hospital acquired UTIs

A

Staph epi

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22
Q

What organism is associated with infections of indwelling devices

A

SEPI

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23
Q

What coagulase negative staph species is associated with acute UTIs & is the second most common cause of UTIs after ECOL

A

Staph saprophyticus

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24
Q

Staph saprophyticus is _____ (sensitive/resistant) to Novobiocin (NV)

A

Resistant

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25
Staph lugdunensis is positive to what two biochemical rxns?
PYR and ORNITHINE (+)
26
What species is a GPC that forms grey to white, mucoid colonies on BAP, and has a tendency to adhere to agar -- when removed will form a string?
Rothia mucilaginosus
27
What is the transmission of healthcare associated MRSA (HA-MRSA)
Hand contact
28
MRSA infections that are acquired by individuals who have not been recently hospitalized or had an invasive medical procedure are known as what type of MRSA infections?
CA-MRSA
29
Coagulase negative staph species are susceptible to ______ (bacitracin (A) / furazolidone (FX)) and resistant to (bacitracin (A) / furazolidone (FX))
Resistant to bacitracin | Sensitive to furazolidone
30
What gene encodes for altered penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a)
MecA
31
MecA is carried on a mobile genetic element called what?
Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec -- (SCCmec)
32
What MRSA is more susceptible to antibiotics? (HA or CA)
CA-MRSA
33
BBL CHROMAgar MRSA contains what antibiotic to screen for MRSA?
Cefoxitin
34
BBL CHROMAgar MRSA will turn MRSA colonies what color?
Mauve
35
CA-MRSA is acquired by people in what type of setting?
Crowds, sports, military, MSM, daycare
36
Pharyngitis is caused by what organism?
Strep pyogenes - Group A
37
Impetigo is caused by what two organisms?
SAUR & Strep pyogenes - Group A
38
What Strep infection is caused by complications of Scarlet Fever and the erythrogenic exotoxin?
Scarlet Fever
39
This organism is the most common cause of Erysipelas
Strep pyogenes - group A
40
Necrotizing fasciitis can be caused by what two organisms (that are GPC)
SAUR and Strep pyogenes
41
What is the toxin that causes STREP toxic shock syndrome?
SPE - Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
42
What are the two post-sequelae diseases caused by Strep pyogenes
Rheumatic Fever & Acute Glomerulonephritis
43
What is the function of BHSA M protein?
Survive antiphagocytic, degrades complement
44
What is the function of streptolysin S, streptolysin O, and streptokinase in BHSA?
Allows spread of bacteria in tissues
45
Strep pyogenes is PYR ____ (-/+), Bacitracin ____ (susceptible/resistant), and SXT (susceptible/resistant)
PYR +, Bacitracin susceptible, SXT=R
46
Strep pyogenes is never resistant to which drug?
Penicillin
47
Strep agalactiae is Bacitracin ____ (susceptible/resistant), and SXT (susceptible/resistant)
Bacitracin=Res; SXT=Res
48
Strep agalactiae causes what infections?
Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia
49
Carrot broth can be used to detect what organism
Group B -- positive result = orange
50
What is the drug of choice for BHSB
Penicillin/ampicillin = no resistance worldwide
51
What is the drug of choice for BHSB for penicillin allergic patients?
Erythro/Clinda
52
Streptococcus porcinus belongs to what Lancefield groups?
E, P, U, V
53
Streptococcus porcinus cross reacts with what group antisera?
Group B -- Can be detected in carrot broth
54
Streptococcus porcinus is bacitracin S/R; SXT=S/R; CAMP pos/neg; PYR pos/neg?
Bacitracin=S; SXT=R; CAMP=POS; PYR=POS
55
Describe Streptococcus porcinus colonies
Non-pigmented, VERY large zones of beta hemolysis
56
What are the two biochemical identifiers for Strep agalactiae?
CAMP Positive; Hippurate Positive
57
Describe Streptococcus pseudoporcinus colonies
Large beta hemolytic zone
58
What other Lancefield antigens are associated with pharyngitis?
C, G
59
What antibody detection tests are used to detect Strep pyogenes?
ASO, and anti-DNase
60
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test to measure antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A streptococcus bacteria.
--
61
What species are part of the Strep bovis group?
Strep bovis biotype I, Strep bovis biotype II, Strep equinus, Strep gallolyticus
62
The Strep bovis group is part of which group? (A, B, C, D....ETC)
Group D non-entrococcal
63
What are the three biochemical identifiers for Enterococcus species
PYR positive, Bile esculin positive, Growth in 6% NaCl broth
64
How can you differentiate between non-enterococcal group D strep vs Enterococcus
Group D strep is PYR negative and CANNOT grow in 6% NaCl
65
What infection is non-enterocococal group D Strep associated with?
Noscomial UTIs
66
What infections are Strep bovis associated with
Bacteremia, meningitis, valve endocarditis
67
What group of strep is associated with dental caries?
Viridins strep
68
What group is the cause of opportunistic sepsis in neutropenic cancer patients and endocarditis?
Viridans
69
Isolation of Strep bovis from blood is associated with what disease?
Carcinoma of colon
70
Nutritionally deficient Strep do not grow on routine media but require supplemented media. What three types can be used?
Cysteine, glutathione, thioglycollate
71
SPNE usually causes what type of pneumonia?
Lobar
72
What is the main virulence factor of SPNE?
Capsule
73
What are the two main infections of SPNE?
Pneumonia and menigitis
74
What organism is bile soluable and optochin sensitive?
SPNE
75
What organism is the second most common noscomial pathogen?
Enterococcus
76
What two phenotypes of Vancomycin resistance are acquired? Which is plasmid-mediated and which is chromosomal?
VanA and VanB= acquired VanA=plasmid mediated VanB=Chromosomal
77
A positive Quelleng reaction is associated with what organism
SPNE
78
Intrinsic resistance of Vancomycin is found in what two species of Enterococcus?
E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarium
79
What type of Vanc phenotypes are associated with hi-level resistance and low level resistance?
``` Hi-level= VanA and VanB Low-level= VanC ```
80
Enterococcus is ____ (motile/non-motile)
Non-motile
81
E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarium produce what color pigment?
Yellow
82
E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarium are ______ (motile/non-motile)
Motile
83
E. faecalis is _____ (S or R) to penicillin and ampicillin, whereas E. faecium is (S or R) to these drugs.
Susceptible; Resistant
84
What two drugs are commonly used to treat VREs?
Linezolid and Dapto

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