Parasitology

Question 1

Lab identification of Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus is made by observing ____ in fresh stool. On occasion, _____ worms may be seen attached to intestinal lining.

Answer 1

eggs; adult worms

Question 2

A. duodenale adult worms can be differntiated from N. americanus by _____

Answer 2

A. duodenale has a pair of teeth; N.americanus has a pair of cutting plates

Question 3

What is the diagnosis of choice for E. histolytica

Answer 3

EIA

Question 4

This amoeba creates “flask-like lesions” in biopsies

Answer 4

E. histolytica

Question 5

This amoeba has a “cigar-shaped” cromatoid body

Answer 5

E. histolytica

Question 6

This amoeba contains up to 4 nuclei in its cyst form

Answer 6

E. histolytica

Question 7

What is the cyst size and troph size of E. histolytica

Answer 7

Cyst: 12-15 um
Trop: 15-20 um

Question 8

The nucleolous inside the nucleus = what (amoeba)

Answer 8

Karyosome

Question 9

This amoeba looks like E.histolytica but is half the size

Answer 9

E. hartmanni

Question 10

E. dispar is identical to E.histolytica and must be distinguished using DNA sequencing

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the infective form of Ancanthamoeba

Answer 11

Cyst AND troph

Question 12

This amoeba has a double walled cyst and has a “bulls-eye” nucleus in the troph

Answer 12

Acanthamoeba

Question 13

Cryptosporidium, cyclospora, and cystoisospora are all groups of GI ______

Answer 13

Sporozoa/Coccidia

Question 14

What GI sporozoa caused the waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, 1994?

Answer 14

Cryptosporidium

Question 15

What is the infectious form of sporozoa – cryptosporidium, cyclospora?

Answer 15

Oocyst

Question 16

What is the test of choice for Cryptosporidium?

Answer 16

EIA

Question 17

What stain is used to diagnose Cryptosporidium?

What secondary test used to diagnose Cryptosporidium?

Answer 17

Acid-fast; DFA

Question 18

What is the test of choice for Giardia?

What is a secondary test used?

Answer 18

EIA; String test

Question 19

What is the size of the Cryptosporidium oocysts> What is distinguishing features?

Answer 19

4-6um & crescent-shaped sporozoites

Question 20

How big is Cyclospora oocysts?

Answer 20

8-10um

Question 21

Can cryptosporidium or cyclospora be transmitted human to human?

Answer 21

Cryptosporidium NOT cyclospora

Question 22

What stains can be used to ID Cyclospora?

Answer 22

MAF or Modified Safrinin

MS is usually better; less “ghosts” compare to MAF

Question 23

What sporozoa/coccidia autofluoresce?

Answer 23

Cyclospora; Cystoisospora belli

Question 24

What vector is associated with Babesia microti?

Answer 24

Ticks - mostly deer ticks here

Question 25

What vector is associated with Babesia on Nantucket island (will be on exam)

Answer 25

Black lake tick

Question 26

Ixodes scapularis is associated with what infection?

Answer 26

Babesia

Question 27

A merozoite showing a "maltese cross" is associated with what infection?

Answer 27

Babesia

Question 28

This organism can show ring forms inside AND outside of RBC AND contain multiple rings and merozoites per RBC. This is unique to this organism.

Answer 28

Babesia spp.

Question 29

Where is Plasmodium ovale found? (Will be on exam)

Answer 29

Sub-Saharan Africa aka WESTERN Africa

Question 30

What Plasmodium species can remain dormant in the liver?

Answer 30

P. ovale P. vivax HINT: It's not OVer -- Ovale; Vivax

Question 31

What Plasmodium species have Schuffner's dots?

Answer 31

Vivax and ovale

Question 32

What Plasmodium species infects larger RBD, has Schuffners dots, and infected cells are round or oval. Also may have fimbrations

Answer 32

P. ovale

Question 33

Best way to diagnose Toxo. gondii?

Answer 33

Serology-- IFA, EIA

Question 34

Trachyzoites are detected in some specimens; bradyzoites are detected in _____ specimens

Answer 34

tissue

Question 35

Trachyzoites are seen extracellularly as banana-shaped whereas bradayzoites are seen ____ in cysts

Answer 35

intracellularly

Question 36

What is the infectious form of Leishmania?

Answer 36

Promastigotes

Question 37

What is the diagnostic form of Leishmania

Answer 37

Amastigotes

Question 38

Leishman-Donovan (L-D) bodies is an old term for

Answer 38

Amastigotes

Question 39

What tapeworm (cestode) has double genital pores in one proglottid?

Answer 39

Dipylidium canium

Question 40

What is the vector for African Sleeping Sickness

Answer 40

Tsetse fly

Question 41

What is the vector for Chagas disease?

Answer 41

Kissing/Reduuvid bug

Question 42

What is the organism that causes African Sleeping Sickness?

Answer 42

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 43

What is the organism that causes WEST African Sleeping Sickness?

Answer 43

T. brucei gambiense | *West Africa: gambling out west in Vegas*

Question 44

What is the organism that causes EAST African Sleeping Sickness?

Answer 44

T. brucei rhodesiense

Question 45

What is the infectious form of Trypanosomiasis

Answer 45

Trypomastigotes

Question 46

T. cruzi has _____ (large/small) kinetoplasts whereas T. brucei has _____ (large/small) kinetoplasts

Answer 46

Large; Small

Question 47

This type of worm is associated with anemia and iron deficiency

Answer 47

Hookworm

Question 48

What GI helminth is associated with B12 deficiency

Answer 48

Diphyllobothrium latum (AKA Dibothriocephalus latus)

Question 49

Largest trematode with VERY prominent opperculum

Answer 49

F. hepatica/F. buski

Question 50

What cestode has a striated outer membrane and contains six hooklets within its oncosphere

Answer 50

H. diminuta

Question 51

What cestode has a THICK outer membrane and contains polar thickenings/filaments

Answer 51

H. nana

Question 52

The hooklets of Echinococcus stain ______ and look like bottle openers

Answer 52

Acid-fast

Question 53

What is one important factor when collecting blood for filarial parasites?

Answer 53

TIME of collection

Question 54

What filariae require tissue snips for diagnosis? (2)

Answer 54

O. volvulus; M. streptocera

Question 55

What microfilariae are nocturnal? (2)

Answer 55

W. bancrofti & Brugia spp.

Question 56

What microfilariae are dinural? (2)

Answer 56

Loa Loa, M. ozzardi

Question 57

Which Mansonella sp has no sheath and a BLUNT ended tail

Answer 57

M. perstans

Question 58

Which Mansonella sp has no sheath and a tapered tail with a small hook shaped terminus

Answer 58

M. ozzardi

Question 59

Which Mansonella sp has no sheath and a tapered tail with a very obvious hook shaped tail

Answer 59

M. streptocerca