Gram Positives Flashcards
what are the gram positives coccus
staphylococci
streptococci
enterococci
what are the gram positive bacilli
listeria monocytogenes
clostridia (c.diff)
corynebacterium
what are some beta lactic antibiotics other than penicillin
flucloxacillin amoxicillin cephalosporins pepercillin/tazobactam carbepenems
what part of the penicillin structure makes people allergic
beta lactam ring
why do you give beta lactic drugs multiple times a day
because a lot of drug is needed to kill the bug
the MIC is high
what is the MIC of a drug
minimum inhibitory concentration
this is the minimum concentration of the drug needed to kill 99.9% of bugs during 18 to 24 hours
do you give IV or oral antibiotics in sepsis
always IV unless it is c.diff then oral
how often is gentamicin given
once a day because it causes receptors to be saturated but not toxicity?
what is beta haemolysis
complete lysis and clear zone seen on blood agar
what is alpha haemolysis
partial haemolysis giving a greenish tinge
what is gamma haemolysis
non-haemolytic
how do lance field groups categorise antibiotics
by their cell wall carbohydrates
what group is strep progenies
group A beta haemolytic strep
where does strep pyroxenes cause infection
skin, pharyngitis
what is group b haemolytic strep otherwise known as
streptococcus agalactaiae
where does strep agalactaiae cause infection
pregnancy and neonates
what is strep viridian’s
a group of many different organisms
what infections does strep pneumoniae cause
otitis media
pneumonia
meningitis
what is the antibiotic of choice for strep pneumoniae
penicillin (unless you have travelled in last 6 months)
where do enterococci live
large bowel
what is the most common enetococci
enterococci faecalis
what are the 2 types of enterococci
e. faecalis
e. faecium
what is the antibiotic of choice for enterococci
amoxicillin
vancomycin - 2nd line
what antibiotic only covers gram positives
vancomycin
