Gram Postiive Cocci Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Gram Positive cocci
A
- S. Aureus
- S. Epididymis
- S. Saprophyticus
- Strep pyrogenes (Group A strep)
- Strep Agalactiae (Group B strep)
- Strep pneumonia
- Strep viridians
- Strep gallalyticus (group D strep)
- Enterococcus Faccium or faecalis
2
Q
Staph Aureus ID
Gram —-
— shaped
catalase —–
coagulase —–
A
- Gram positive
- Cocci shaped
- Catalase +
- coagulase +
3
Q
what test tells staph aureus apart from staph epididymis and staph saprophyticus
A
- Coagulase +
4
Q
Staph aureus is —– on blood agar
A
yellow or golden apperance
5
Q
Staph aureus is —– hemolytic
A
beta
6
Q
Staph aureus causes
A
- pneumonia with patchy infiltrate
- most common cause of septic arthritis in adults
- most common cause of OM in adults
- causes abscess
7
Q
what is the main virulence factor of staph aureus
A
Protein A
8
Q
What are the toxin mediated diseases caused by staph aureus
A
- scalded skin syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Rapid onset food poisoning
9
Q
Toxic shock syndrome caused by staph aureus
A
- can be caused by leaving a tampon on for too long
- causes a cytokine storm
10
Q
Rapid onset food poisoning caused by staph aureus
A
- Associated with vomiting than diarrhea
11
Q
Treatment for staph aureus
A
- vancomycin
- if methicilin sensitive, use Nafcilin
12
Q
—- resistance can occur with Staph aureus
A
MRSA
13
Q
Staph Epididymis and saprophyticus ID
gram ——
—- shaped
catalase —–
coagulase ——
produces ——
A
- positive
- cocci
- positive
- negative
- urease
14
Q
How can you tell staph epididymis from saprophyticus?
A
Staph epi- novobiosin sensitive
staph sapro- novobiocin resistant
15
Q
Staph Epi is a normal flora of the ——
A
skin
16
Q
staph epi produces —–
A
biofilm
17
Q
infections caused by staph epi
A
- Prosthetic joint infection
- cathether associated infection
- most common cause of endocarditis affecting heart valves
18
Q
Treatment of staph Epi
A
Vancomycin
19
Q
infections caused by staph saprophyticus
A
- honey moon cystitis which is UTI affecting sexually active females
- Acute bacterial endocarditis
20
Q
Strep pyrogenes (Group A strep) ID
Gram —–
— shaped
—– capsule made out of ——
A
- positive
- cocci
- encapsulated capsule made out of hyaluronic acid
21
Q
How can you tell strep pyrogenes (GAS) from strep agalactiae (GBS)
A
Bacitracin sensitive
22
Q
Pyrogenic infections caused by GAS
A
- impetigo
- Phayngitis (strep throat)
- cellulitis and erysipelas
23
Q
Impetigo
A
Honey coated skin infection
24
Q
Erysipelas
A
superficial infection with demarcated borders
25
infections caused by strep pyrogenes toxins
- scarlet fever
- toxic shock like syndrome
- necrotizing fascitis
26
Scarlet fecer
- redening and swelling of the tongue (strawberry tongue)
- widespread rash that spares the face
27
What GAS toxins cause scarlet fever and Toxic shock likre syndrome
- SpeA and SpeC
28
what GAS toxin causes necrotizing faascitis
SpeB
29
----- is the main virulence factor of GAS responsible for rheumatic fever
M protein
30
M protein
- interferes with opsonization (anti-phagocytic)
- M protein mimics the myosin in our heart and causes our own antibodies to attack out heart
31
----- valves are normally affected by rheumatic fever
Mitral valve
32
Symptoms of rheumatic fever
(JONES CRITERIA)
J- joints, polyarthritis
O- heart problems including murmurs, myocarditis, pericarditis
N- subcutaneous nodules
E- Erythema nodusum
S- Syndenham chorea
33
Post strep Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
- occurs after a pharyngitis
- type 3 hypersensitivity
34
Symptoms of PSGN
- dark brown or cola colored urine
- Facial swelling from edema
- occurs 2 weeks after onset of the initial pharyngitis infection
35
Rheumatic fever occurs after
Pharyngitis
36
PSGN occurs after
Pharyngitis or a superficial infection like impetigo
37
Early diagnosis of pharyngitis can prevent ------ but cannot precent -----
- Rheumatic fever
- PSGN
38
virulence factors of GAS
- Streptolysin O
- streptokinase
- DNAse
39
streptolysin O
- virulence factor that allows GAS to lyse RBC and be beta hemolytic
- can be used to diagnose pharyngitis
40
what virulence factor can be used to diagnose pharyngitis
Streptolysin O
41
Streptokinase
converts plasminogen to plasmin
42
how do you tell if someone has recently had GAS infection
Antistreptolysin O titers
43
Treatment of GAS
Penicillin
44
Strep agalactiae ID
Gram ------
---- shaped
------ positive test
----- resistant
----- positive
- gram positive
- cocci shaped
- Hippurate positive
- bacitracin resistant
- CAMP positive
45
Strep agalactiae capsule is made out of
Polysaccharide
46
Strep agalactiae mostly affects
New borns
47
infections caused by strep agalactiae
- Causes meningitis in neonates (#1 cause)
- Causes sepsis in neonates
- causes pneumonia
48
How do neonates get strep agalactiae
- through the vaginal canal of the mother during delivery
49
Mothers are swabbed for strep agalactiae when
at 35 weeks
50
If the mother is colonized with strep agalactiae, the baby is protected from this by giving the mother ------
Intrapartrum penicillin
51
Strep pneumonia ID
Gram -----
---- hemolytic
---- shaped
encapsulated with ----- capsule
----- protease
------ sensitive
----- soluble
- gram positive
- alpha hemolytic
- cocci shaped
- polysaccharide
- IgA protease
- optochin sensitive
- Bile soluble
52
------ is the #1 cause of community acquired pneumonia
Strep pnuemonia
53
Strep pneumonia leads to production of ----- sputum
Rust colored
54
Strep Pneumonia is the cause of which of the following diseases
(MOPS)
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis
55
Individuals that had a splenectomy or autosplenectomy like sickle cell diseases have greater risk of being infected by ------ organisms
Encapsulated
56
Patients with sickle cell diseases are susceptible to ------ infection
Strep pneumonia
57
Treatment of strep pneumonia
- macrolides
- 3rd gen cephalosporins like ceftriaxone
58
How can you prevent strep pneumonia
VACCINES
- 23 valence for adults, IgM response
- 7 valence for children, causes an IgG response
59
Strep viridians ID
Gram ------
---- shaped
encapsulated???
----- resistant
----- hemolytic
Gram positive
cocci shaped
not encapsulated
bile resistant
alpha hemolytic
60
Viridans group especially strep mutans causes -------
dental carries
61
Viridans adheres to ------
Platelets
62
Enterococcus faecium or fecalis is bile -----
Resistant
63
Enterococcus faecium or faecalis are able to grow in medium of -----
6.5% NaCl
64
infections caused by enterococcus
- UTIs
- Endocarditis
- infection of the biliary tree
65
Treatment of enterococcus
- it is nosocomial which means it is resistant to almost every antibiotic including vancomycin; it is a VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)
- linezolid is the go to treatment
- Tigecycline
66
Strep gallolyticus (strep bovis) (GDS) ID
Gram -----
---- hemolytic
Bile ------
Gram positive
gamma
senstive
67
Strep gallolyticus is encapuslated in ----- capsule
polysaccharide
68
Strep gallolyticus is a normal ----- flora
GI tract
69
infections caused by strep gallolyticus
- Endocarditis
- Collorectal neoplasia
70
If a patient is diagnosed with a strep gallolyticus, it is important to obtain a colonoscopy as they may have ------
Colon cancer
71
Treatment of Strep gallolyticus
- vancomycin
- penicillin
- 3rd gen cephalosporin
