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Arabic > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

This is a…

A

هدا

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2
Q

This is the…
This…

A

هدا ال

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3
Q

This black pen is cheap

A

هدا القلم الأسود رخيص

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4
Q

Listing. Use of و?

A

Always use و, regardless of number of items in your list

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5
Q

Plural: masculine or feminine?

A

Feminine, always

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6
Q

Lunar or solar letters?

A
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7
Q

There is…
Note about use?

A

في
NB: also means ‘in’. But we use ب when describing ‘there is…in…’

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8
Q

There is no…

A

ما في…

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9
Q

Yes, there is…
No, there is not…

A

بعم في…
لا ما في…

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10
Q

In…
In the…

A

ب
بال…

OR في
This is used normally. ب is used to avoid repetition

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11
Q

Note about pronunciation of ‘in the…’

A

Don’t pronounce ال.
However, still pronounce the letters that are made based on whether the word you’re describing is lunar/solar.
For example:
بالتّلاجة
Pronounced ‘b-talajeh’
بالجرار
Pronounced ‘b-Ljarrar’

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12
Q

I have…

A

أنا عندي…

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13
Q

I know…
I only know…

A

بعرف
بس بعرف
Barif

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14
Q

I don’t know

A

ما بَعرف…

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15
Q

I want…
I don’t want…

A

أنا بِدّي
أنا ما بِدّي

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16
Q

I like
I don’t like

NB about use with nouns

A

أنا بَحِب
أنا ما بَحِبّ
bah-heb

Nouns must be definitive with ال

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17
Q

Because

A

لأني
لأنك
لأنكم
لأنه
…

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18
Q

Pronouns in sentences

A

No need to DOUBLE pronoun sentences. For example, ‘What do I have today’
شو عندي اليوم
No need to add أبا

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19
Q

You have…

A

أنت عندَك
انتِ عندِك

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20
Q

You have… [plural]

A

انتو عندكم/عندكن…
into endkm/endkn

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21
Q

We have…

A

احنا عنّا
eh-na ah-na

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22
Q

Note about use of pronouns

A

Not used in Arabic in most sentences. Just a formality. Omit when using full sentences

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23
Q

What do you have…?

A

شو في عندكم…

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24
Q

Use of كل

A

Always follows ال in noun

25
Q

He has

A

هو عنده
Who end-ou

26
Q

She has

A

هي عندها
He endhaa

27
Q

They have

A

هم عندهم
Hom endhom

28
Q

My pen

A

أنا قلمي

29
Q

Your pen

A

انتَِ قلمَِك

30
Q

Your (pl) pen

A

انتو قلمكم

31
Q

His pen

A

هو قلمه

32
Q

Her pen

A

هي قلمها

33
Q

Their pen

A

هم قلمهم

34
Q

Our pen

A

إحنا قلمنا

35
Q

My, your, their…
Applied to female nouns

A

Tamah buttah if noun is pronounced ت

36
Q

When adding adjective to nouns described as mine, yours, theirs…

A

They are described with ال
Because they are possessive

But never add ال to the noun, as we have already possessed it with a suffix

37
Q

Describing other people’s objects?

A

Use the same prefixes you would for people…
هو
هي

38
Q

Three ways to use ‘definite’ to construct sentences

A
  1. Use ال
    For example, The boy’s name is Oliver
    ‘Name’ is the SUBJECT, so goes first. Then add ال to the thing you are describe - ‘boy’.
    إسم الولد أوليفر
  2. Use pronouns
    For example, Oliver’s pen is nice
    Remember, ‘pen’ is the subject, so this goes first
    قلم أليفر حلو
    In cases where the subject is FEMININE, ة is pronounced ت
  3. Suffixes
    For example, My Uncle’s school is big
    مدرسة عمي كبيرة
    Reminder that Uncle has the suffix since this is what we’re referencing. School has ة pronounced ت

YOU CAN ONLY USE ONE FORM OF THE DEFINITE IN EACH SENTENCE.

39
Q

When describing ‘your’ M/F for words ending in a vowel?

A

For example, ‘Your father’
Short vowels are added to the suffix

أبوكَ
أبوكِ
Ahbook-AH
Ahbook-II

40
Q

He works
She works

A

بيشتِغِل
بتِشتِغِل
Beesh-tarill
Btee-shtarill

41
Q

Using ‘definite’ in sentences with more than one descriptor - ال, pronoun, suffixes?

A

ال
For example, the man’s dog is small
كلب الرجال صغير
The subject is ‘dog’ so goes first. ال is applied to ‘man’

PRONOUN
For example, Sami’s son’s dog is small
كلب ابن سامي صغير
Sami is last

SUFFIXES
For example, my son’s dog is small
كلب ابني صغير

42
Q

Including descriptor in the definite?

For example:
- My small brother
- My small and smart brother
- Sami’s small brother

A

Denoted with ال.
أخوي الصغير
أخوي الصغير و الدكي
أخو سامي الصغير

43
Q

Double descriptor + adjective in the definite?
For example, Her near room’s colour is pink.

A

لون غرفتها القريبة زهري
Adjective goes last in your definite sequence.
‘Near’ is feminine because you’re describing a room
‘Pink’ is masculine because you’re describe a colour

44
Q

Roots, Professions, Nouns

A

Will follow any of the following rules:

  1. Root فعل
    Profession فاعل
    Noun (also used to describe hobbies): no rule
    For example:
    - Write: كتب, Noun:
    - Do: عِمِل, Noun: عَمَل
    - Play: لِعِن, Noun: اِعِن
  2. Root فعل
    Profession فعّال
    Noun: no rule
    For example:
    - Draw: رَسَم, Noun: رَسِم
    - Cook: طَنَخ, Noun: طَبِخ
    - Fly: طار, Noun: طيَران
  3. Root فعل
    Profession مُفعّل
    Noun: no rule
    For example:
    - Sing: غنّى, Noun: غِنا
    - Act: مَثّل, Noun: تمثيل
    - Teach: علّم, Noun: تعليم
    - Engineering: هندَس, Noun: هندسة
    - Illness: مِرِض, Noun: تمريض
    - Employ: وظّف, Noun: توظيف
45
Q

Plurals

A

Plural M +ين
Plural F +ات

Feminine have no exceptions
Masculine plurals DO. These are known as broken plurals

Plural people - where there are mixed genders - uses the M plural

46
Q

Broken plurals

A

Applying plural nouns: remove any vowel and the ta marboota

The form فعيل becomes فعال
The form فاعل becomes فعل+اء (this applies also to words ending in ير)
The form فعل becomes أفعال

47
Q

Shortcut way of describing, for example, ‘clever people’

A

Don’t use the word ‘people’. Just use the plural adjective.

For example: أذكيا

48
Q

Type possessive

A

Similar construct to saying ‘proper noun’s’ noun

Some examples:
- Arabic lesson: درس عربي
- Toolbox: صندوق كهربا
- Hair brush: فرشاية شعر
The ة is pronounced in each case!

49
Q

Type possessive in definite form

A

The ال is added to the TYPE word only:
Some examples —
- The Arabic lesson: درس العربي
- My bed room: غرفتي النوم

50
Q

Have POSSESSION

A

I have أنا معي
You have انت معك
You P have انتو معكم
He has هو معه
She has هي معها
They have هم معهم
We have إحنا معنا

51
Q

All of (noun)
All of it

Half of (noun)/it

A

كل ال___ [adjective]
كله/كلها [adjective]

Same with HALF

52
Q

Past tense:
(1) Had, didn’t have
(2) Was, was not (existence)
(3) Was (with adjectives)

A

(1) Had: كان - ما كان
Comes BEFORE verbs. It does not change gender
e.g. كان عندي سيارة

(2) Was: كان; There was/wasn’t: كان في
Comes BEFORE verbs. Doesn’t change with gender
e.g. كان في أكل على الطاولة
e.g. شو كان في بالشنتة

(3) This changes with gender and changes with position in the sentence.
كان - كانت

53
Q

Became

A

صار
صارت

54
Q

Want

A

Although it’s a verb, this is a special case word as it can have pronoun suffixes. It’s treated like an adverb

أنا بدي
أنت بدك
انتو بدكم
هو بده
…

55
Q

Counting rules for flowers, paper, trees

A

Same as fruits and vegetables

56
Q

Was/were with different pronouns

A

أنا كُنت
أنت كُنت/ي
انتو كنتو
هو كان
هي كانَت
هم كانوا
احنا كنا

Don’t pronounce أ in هم

57
Q

Was/were in question forms

A

Where are you? وينك
Where were you? وين كُنت/ي

Don’t get confused with cases where we just use كان

58
Q

Was/were in relation to places

A

Use لمُا
For example, ‘Was he in his house when you were there?’
هو كان في بيته لما إنت كنت هناك؟

59
Q

Became with pronouns

A

أنا صِرت
أنت صِرت/ي
انتو صرتو
هو صار
هي صارت
هم صِاروا
احنا صرنا

Arabic (18 decks)

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