Grammar Flashcards
(300 cards)
1
Q
-이/가 아니다
A
to not be something
2
Q
-(스)ㅂ니다
A
respectful ending for statements when someone is older, a stranger or in a formal situation
3
Q
-(스)ㅂ니까?
A
respectful ending for questions when someone is older, a stranger or in a formal situation
4
Q
-(으)십시오
A
respectful ending when making requests or demands when someone is older, a stranger or in a formal situation
5
Q
-(으)ㅂ시다
A
respectful ending when making a suggestion for when in a group, same-age, younger or a stranger
6
Q
-시
A
honorific marker that is added to some words to honour the subject
7
Q
-아/어요
A
polite ending for when someone is same-age or a stranger
8
Q
-아/어
A
casual ending for when when someone is younger or close to you
9
Q
-았/었어요
A
polite ending for past events when someone is same-age or a stranger
10
Q
-았/었어
A
casual ending for past events when someone is younger or close to you
11
Q
-(으)ㄹ거예요
A
polite ending for things will be done or intend to be done when someone is same-age or a stranger
12
Q
-(으)ㄹ거야
A
casual ending for things will be done or intend to be done when someone is younger or close to you
13
Q
-고 있다
A
- means your in the middle of doing something or doing something right now
14
Q
-았/었었
A
when something used to be or used to do
15
Q
안 / -지 않다
A
- to negate something place 안 in front of it or connect -지 않 after it
- 하다 verbs are separated if the noun form has the same meaning as the verb and 안 is placed before 하다.
- This can also imply the choice not to do something if there is one.
16
Q
못 / (-지 못하다)
A
- to negate something place 못 in front of it or connect -지 않 after it
- 하다 verbs are separated if the noun form has the same meaning as the verb and 못 is placed before 하다.
- This can also imply that one cannot do something or one does something poorly depending on context.
17
Q
-이/가
A
- emphasizes the preceding subject
- can express new information in a sentence
- used when noticing something or making an exclamation
18
Q
께서
A
honorific of 이/가
19
Q
-은/는
A
- marks the topic
- marks a general fact
- shows contrast
20
Q
-을/를
A
marks the object of a sentence
21
Q
-와/과,-(이)랑,-하고
A
- 와 / 과 used in writing, presentations and speeches
- (이)랑 used in conversation
- 하고 used in any case
- means and
22
Q
-와/과,-(이)랑,-하고 같이/함께
A
- marks the person who the subject performs an action with
- 같이 used more in conversation
- 함께 used more in writing, speeches and formal conversation
23
Q
-의
A
indicates that one is the owner/possessor of another object
24
Q
-에
A
- marks the direction in which a particular behaviour proceeds
- indicates the time when some action, event or situation occurs
25
-에서
marks the place at which some action or behaviour occurs
26
-에서 -까지, -부터 까지
1. 에서 까지 is normally used when expressing physical locations
2. 부터 까지 is normally used when expressing a range of time
3. Sometimes, however, they can be interchanged with no distinction.
27
-에게(서)/한테(서)
1. added to nouns representing people or other living creatures
2. 한테 is casual
3. 에게 is polite
4. 서 can sometimes be added to the end of both words
5. marks the target or recipient of an action
28
께
honorific of 에게/한테
29
-도
1. It has the meaning of “too/as well.”
2. in negative sentences, has the meaning of even
30
-만
marks the choosing of one thing to the exclusion of other things
31
-밖에
marks the only thing or option available with no possibility of anthing else
32
-(으)로
1. marks a direction (towards a place)
2. marks means of transport, tools, method and materials to make or do something
3. marks the order in which something is done by attaching it to a number
33
-(이)나
1. used in statements for saying this or that.
2. marks that something is higher than expected, shows the minimum amount e.g. at least (some amount)
3. can express 'or something' if no noun is after it
34
-쯤
marks around a certain time or quantity
35
-처럼,-같이
marks that something is like something else
36
-보다
marks that something is being compared to
37
-이/가 ... -보다
This-이/가...that-보다
38
-마다
1. marks the time something is done repetitively - e.g. every
2. marks something to show every and each
39
-고
1. used list two or more actions, states or facts
2. used to express that the action in the first clause was performed before the action in the second
40
-거나
used in statements for saying this or that.
41
-지만
it means but
42
-(으)ㄴ/는데
1. it can mean but
43
전에, -기 전에
means before a certain event, period of time or action
44
후에, -(으)ㄴ 후에
means after a certain event, period of time or action
45
-고 나서
emphasises the finishing of one action before starting another
46
-아/어서
1. marks means of transport if it's a verb
2. indicates the occurrence of the action in the second clause after the first - the two actions are closely related such that the second action could not happen without the first occurring first
3. indicates this clause as the cause of the next - means because
4. Used to show a position position verb is ongoing before an action after e.g. sitting
47
때, -(으)ㄹ 때
indicates the time when an action or state occurs, or its duration
48
V-(으)면서
1. indicates that the actions of this verb and the next occur simultaneously
2. must be the same person doing both actions
49
중, -는 중
indicates that something is in the middle of an action
50
V-자마자
indicates that something occurs immediately after the end of some action
51
동안, -는 동안
1. indicates the length of time an action or behaviour begins and lasts
2. indicates that the actions of this verb and the next occur simultaneously
52
V-(으)ㄴ 지 ~ 되다/넘다
indicates it's been a certain amount of time since an action occurred
53
V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다
indicates that an action can or cannot be done or an action is or isn't possible
54
V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다
1. indicates that one knows how or doesn't how to do an action
2. indicates that one has or doesn't have the ability to do an action
55
-(으)세요
honorific used when asking the listener to do an action, making a request, giving directions or orders.
56
-지 마세요
57
-아/어야 되다/하다
58
-아/어도 되다
59
-(으)면 안 되다
60
-지 않아도 되다 (안 -아/어도 되다)
61
-고 싶다
indicates the speaker wants to do an action
62
-았/었으면 좋겠다
63
-(으)니까 ①
64
N 때문에, A/V-기 때문에
65
-아/어 주세요, -아/어 주시겠어요?
66
-아/어 줄게요, -아/어 줄까요?
67
-아/어 보다
68
-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다
69
-(으)ㄹ 까요?
70
-(으)ㅂ시다
71
-(으)시겠어요?
72
-(으)ㄹ래요
73
-겠어요
74
-(으)ㄹ게요
75
-(으)러 가다/오다
76
-(으)려고
77
-(으)려고 하다
78
N을/를 위해(서), -기 위해(서)
79
-기로 하다
80
-(으)면
81
-(으)려면
82
-아/어도
83
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
84
관형형 -(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ N
85
-기
indicates that the verb is now a noun
86
-게
87
-아/어하다
88
-아/어 있다
1. shows that a verb is in the state of something
2.
89
-아/어지다
90
-게 되다
91
-(으)ㄴ/는지
92
V-는 데 걸리다/들다
93
-지요?
94
-군요/는군요
95
-네요
96
A-(으)ㄴ가요?, V-나요?
97
-(으)ㄴ/는데요
98
A-아/어 보이다
99
-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다
100
-(으)ㄹ 텐데
101
-(으)ㄹ 테니까
102
-(으)ㄹ걸요
103
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다[알았다]
104
-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다
105
-기는 하지만, -기는 -지만
106
-(으)ㄴ/는 반면에
107
-(으)ㄴ/는데도
108
서술체
109
반말체
110
-거든요
111
-잖아요
112
-느라고
113
-는 바람에
114
-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
115
-고 해서
116
-(으)ㄹ까 봐
117
-다고요?
118
-다고 하던데
119
-다면서요?
120
-다니요?
121
-(으)ㄹ까 하다
122
-고자
123
-(으)려던 참이다
124
-(으)ㄹ 겸 -(으)ㄹ 겸
125
-아/어야지요
126
-(으)ㄹ 만하다
127
-도록 하다
128
-지 그래요?
129
-던
130
-더라고요?
131
-던데요
132
단어 피동 (-이/히/리/기-)
133
-아/어지다
134
-게 되다
135
단어 사동 (-이/히/리/기/우/추-)
136
-게 하다
137
-아/어야
138
-거든
139
-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
140
-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가
141
조차
142
만 해도
143
-는 길에
144
-다가
145
-(으)ㄹ 정도로
146
만 하다
147
아무 + (이)나 / 아무 + 도
148
(이)라도
149
-든지 -든지
150
-(으)ㄴ/는 대신에
151
만에
152
-아/어 가지고
153
-아/어 다가
154
-고서
155
-고 보니
156
-다 보니
157
-다 보면
158
-더니
159
-았/었더니
160
-다가는
161
-(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다
162
-아/어 놓다
163
-아/어 두다
164
-(으)ㄴ 채로
165
-(으)ㄴ/는 대로
166
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다
167
스럽다
168
답다
169
얼마나 -(으)ㄴ/는지 모르다
170
-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다
171
-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다
172
(이)야말로
173
-도록
174
-았/었다가
175
-았/었던
176
-아/어 버리다
177
-고 말다
178
-(으)나 마나
179
-아/어 봤자
180
-(느)ㄴ다면
181
-았/었더라면
182
-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
183
-(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다
184
-았/었어야 했는데
185
-곤 하다
186
-기는요
187
-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다
188
-느니
189
-(으)ㄹ 바에야
190
-건 -건
191
-(느)ㄴ다기보다는
192
보고
193
-(느)ㄴ다니까
194
-(느)ㄴ다면서
195
에 의하면
196
-(으)ㅁ
changes verbs into nounds
197
-는 데
198
-는 바
199
-(으)로 인해서
200
-는 통에
201
-(으)로 말미암아
202
-느니만큼
203
-는 이상
204
-기로서니
205
-기에 망정이지
206
-(느)ㄴ답시고
207
-(으)ㅁ으로써
208
-기에
209
-길래
210
-더라도
211
-(으)ㄹ지라도
212
-(으)ㄴ들
213
-(으)ㄹ망정
214
-(느)ㄴ다고 치다
215
-는 셈치다
216
-기가 무섭게
217
-자
218
-는 한
219
-(으)ㄹ라치면
220
-노라면
221
-느냐에 달려 있다
222
-기 나름이다
223
-은/는 대로
224
-는 김에
225
-건만
226
-고도
227
-(으)ㅁ에도 불구하고
228
-듯이
229
-다시피 하다
230
- 거니와
231
-기는커녕
232
-(으)ㄹ뿐더러
233
-되
234
마저
235
-을/를 비롯해서
236
- 아/어 대다
237
-기 일쑤이다
238
-는둥 마는 둥 하다
239
-(으)리만치
240
-다 못해
241
-(느)ㄴ다는 것이
242
-(으)려고 들다
243
-(으)려다가
244
-는 듯이
245
-(느)ㄴ다는 듯이
246
-는 듯하다
247
-(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다
248
-(으)ㄹ 법하다
249
-(으)ㄹ 리가 없다
250
-기 십상이다
251
-기 마련이다
252
-는 법이다
253
-는가 하면
254
-느니 -느니 하다
255
-(으)라 -(으)랴
256
(이)며 (이)며
257
-(으)ㄴ 끝에
258
-아/어 내다
259
-(으)ㄴ 나머지
260
-데요
261
-는 가운데
262
-는 마당에
263
-치고
264
-(으)ㅁ에 따라
265
여간 -지 않다
266
-기가 이를 데 없다
267
-(으)ㄹ래야 -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다
268
-ㄴ/은
makes a descriptive verb into an adjective
269
하 -> 히
changes when using a verb as an adverb
270
N-들
Added to people nouns to make them plural
271
N-(으)로부터
1. can be attached to person from whom one receives something
2. can be used to indicate that one receives something from a person or non-person e.g an organisation or the heavens.
272
N-에 대해
1. indicates **about** what it is attached to
2. It cannot be used in regards to someone or something's description
273
-적
changes nouns into a descriptive word that has the meaning of “relating to, or having the properties of’ the original noun e.g. scientific
274
-적으로
changes the word into an adverb that has the meaning of “relating to, or having the properties of’ the original noun e.g. economically
275
-적이다
changes the word into an adjective that can predicate a sentence or describe an upcoming noun, that has the meaning of “relating to, or having the properties of’ the original noun e.g. cultural
275
-스럽다
changes the noun into an adjective that has the “properties” of that noun e.g. lovely or naturally
276
-니
casual ending to ask questions
277
-기 시작하다
indicates that one starts an action verb
278
-기 싫다
indicates that one doesn't want to do an action verb
279
-거리다
indicates that whatever is being done, it is being done repeatedly – in a stopping and starting fashion
280
-겠다
1. indicates the certainty of a situation when the person speaking isn't or hasn't experienced the thing there referring to e.g. that must hurt!
2. It's said out loud and not directly to someone so it says in it's basic form.
3. It can also just be used for plain future tense and can be modified to do so.
281
-같이 보이다
indicates that something **looks** like something else
282
283
-아/어라
casual ending for olders when much older than a person
284
-아/어 주다
indicates that an action is done for the benefit of the speaker
(younger)
285
-아/어 주시다
indicates that an action is done for the benefit of the speaker
(stranger/same-level/close)
286
-아/어 드리다
indicates that an action is done for the benefit of the speaker
(older/stranger/formal setting)
287
-(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다
indicates the need to do an action
288
-(으)ㄹ 필요가 없다
indicates the need not to do an action
289
-(으)ㄹ 예정
indicates that someone is scheduled to do an action
290
-(으)ㄹ 계획
indicates that someone has plans to do an action.
291
-(으)ㄹ 준비
indicates that someone should get ready/prepare to do an action.
292
-기도 하다
indicates the addition of a verb to what was previously said eg. happy too
293
-기도 하고 -기도 하다
stresses two verbs
294
-게 하다
indicates the cause of a verb occurring
295
-(느)ㄴ다
add to action verbs to make them into plain form in the present tense
296
-았/었다
add to verbs to make them into plain form in the past tense
297
-다
1. add to descriptive verbs to make them into plain form in the present tense
2. add to verbs to make dictionary form
298
-겠다
add to verbs to make them into plain form in the future tense
299
