Grammar Flashcards by Henry Russell

Amo

Present

Active

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Amabo

Future

Active

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Amabam

Imperfect

Active

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Amavi

Perfect

Active

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Amavero

Future perfect

Active

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Amaveram

Pluperfect

Active

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Amor

Present

Passive

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Amabor

Future

Passive

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Amabar

Imperfect

Passive

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Amatus sum

Perfect

Passive

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Amatus ero

Future perfect

Passive

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Amatus eram

Pluperfect

Passive

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Active endings

O
S
T
Mus
Tis
Nt

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Passive endings

R
Ris
Tur
Mur
Mini
Ntur

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Time expression + Accusative

How long

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Time expression + Ablative

When or within which

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Indirect statement: How to find it and translation

Accusative + Infinitive
He said THAT…
I was hoping THAT…

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Indirect question: How to find it and translation

Question word + Verb in subjunctive

He asked whether…

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Indirect command: How to find it and translation

Ut + Subjunctive
I order THAT you …
Words which take this construction: Impero, rogo, oro, peto, hortor, moneo, persuadeo, constituo, video

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Temporal clause: How to find it and translation

Dum = While, until
Cum = When, since, although
While this happened… that happened

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Purpose clause: How to find it and translation

Ut or Ne

I did this SO THAT …

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Gerund: How to find it and translation

Gerund (and) + Ad

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Result clause: How to find it and translation

Words such as: adeo, tam, tantus, talis, tot, ita, sic followed by UT
I am SO … That…
There are SO MANY .. That…

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Conditional sentance: How to find it and translation

Si + Indicative
If I do this…, I will
Si + Present (or perfect) subjunctives
If this would happen .. I would
Si + Imperfect (or pluperfect) subjunctives
If this happened, I would have to…
Negative = Nisi … If you don’t / Unless you do

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Verbs of fearing: How to find it and translation

Verb followed by ne and subjunctive

Ablative absolute: How to find it and translation

Present participle = With the noun ...ING Past participle = With the noun having been ...ed Future participle = With the noun about to ...

Direct command: How to find it and translation

``` !!! Exclamation mark Do this! Speak! Run! Look! ```

Noli/nolite: How to find it and translation

Negative direct command Don't look! Don't speak!

Direct question : How to find it and translation

-ne on end of preceding word e.g equumNE habes? = Do you have a horse? Nonne (Surely expecting yes... Surely you do...) Num (Surely expecting no... Surely you don't...)

Cum clause: How to find it and translation

When/since this happened ... that happened

Quod clause: How to find it and translation

Because this happened ... that happened

Quoque clause: How to find it and translation

Although this happened ... that happened

Relative clause: How to find it and translation

Qui, quae, quod The noun WHICH did this, did that The noun WHO did this, did that I'm doing the thing THAT did that

Direct statement:

Just an normal statement | The noun is this / the noun did this

As ... as possible

Quam + Superlative

Comparative

-ior (More _____)

Superlative

Issimus or Errimus or Illimus (Very ___ / the ____est / the most ____)

Prepositions with ablative:

``` Ab De Cum Sine Ex In Pro Sub ```

Prefixes: A-/ab-

Away from

Prefixes: Ad-

Prefixes: De-

Down from

Prefixes: Ex-

Out of

Prefixes: In-

Into, onto

Prefixes: Re-

Back, again

Prefixes: Trans-

Across

Present active participle in Latin:

PortANS, portANTem

Present passive participle in Latin:

PorTATus

Future active participle in Latin:

PorTATURus

Translation of present active participle:

CarryING

Translation of perfect passive participle:

(Having been) CarriED

Translation of future active participle:

ABOUT To carry

How to spot the active imperfect subjunctive

``` Infinitive + normal endings Portare-m Portare-s Portare-t Portare-mus Portare-tis Portare-nt ```

How to spot the passive imperfect subjunctive

``` Infinitive + normal passive endings Portare-r Portare-ris Portare-tur Portare-mur Portare-mini Portare-ntur ```

How to spot the active pluperfect subjunctive

``` Perfect infinitive + normal endings Portavisse-m Portavisse-s Portavisse-t Portavisse-mus Portavisse-tis Portavisse-nt ```

How to spot the pluperfect pluperfect subjunctive

``` Pluperfect passive + imperfect of sum Portatus essem Portatus esses Portatus esset Portatus essemus Portatus essetis Portatus essent ```

Passive infinitive

Infinitive + i (except for third conjugation which drops the infinitive)

Translate: Present active infitive: Portare

To carry

Translate: Present passive infitive: Portari

To be carried

Translate: Perfect active infitive: Portavisse

To have carried

Translate: Perfect passive infitive: Portatum esse

To have been carried

Translate: Future active infinitive: Portaturum esse

To be about to/ to be going to carry

Dum + imperfect subjunctive: How to translate

This happened UNTIL this happened

What does non in front of the verb do

Inverses the meaning

What happens if non is put elsewhere in the sentance

It negatives the word just in front non aquam sed vinum amo I like not water but wine

What's nec...nec or neque...neque

Niether ... nor

Comparative adjective

Long, LONGER, longest

Superlative adjective

Long, longer LONGEST

Comparitive adverb

Happily, MORE HAPPILY, most happily/bery happily

Superlative adverb

Quickly, more quickly, MOST QUICKLY/VERY QUICKLY