grammar definitions Flashcards
verb - define
action words
pronoun - define
a small set of words, used as a substitute to refer to another noun eg he, she, they, I, me
adverb - define
a word that describes or characterises a verb, adjective, adverb, or a sentence
eg
he ran quickly - quickly is the adverb
compound subject - define
2 or more nouns/pronouns referenced together as one subject
demonstrative pronouns - define
this, that, those, they
pronouns that identify a noun that’s already been identified
eg see that red jacket? i want that - ‘that’ is a demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative determiners - define
this, that, those
used to specify a specific item from a set of nouns eg
this person smells - ‘this’ is a demonstrative determiner
descriptive adjectives - define
adjectives that explain a quality of an object
eg shiny car (shiny is adjective)
limiting adjectives - define
adjectives that identify a specific member of a set of nouns eg this car, some people, many dogs, most ears
auxiliary verbs - define
can, do, and be, they sit next to another verb and communicates concepts like time, modality eg
i have read this book (have is aux verb, past tense)
i am going to the zoo (am is aux verb, present continuous tense)
modal auxiliary verbs - define
‘shall, could, would’
possibility, ability, necessity, and permission
continuous tense - define
the -ing sound, indicates it was a continuous event eg laughing, staying
transitive verb - define
any verb that must transfer its action onto an object eg ‘bring’, ‘throw’, needs an object
intransitive verb - define
any verb that never has an object that its action is directed to eg ‘screamed, hollered, jumped’
(grammar) subject - define
the noun in a sentence that is performing the verb
eg
I fed the dog
“I” is the subject
(grammar) object - define
the noun in a sentence that a (transitive) verb is acting upon
eg
I fed the dog
“the dog” is the subject
(grammar) direct object vs indirect object- define
direct - the noun in a sentence that a verb acts upon
indirect - a 3rd noun that receives the direct object
eg
I kicked the ball to David
ball is direct object (it got kicked, the verb)
David is the indirect object (it ‘received’ the object)
but
I took the ball from David, David is still indirect object
associative case
two nouns brought together as ‘with’
conjunctions - define
words that link other words, clauses, phrases together
eg
as, with, and
either, or, nor, neither
Accusative case - define
Version of a noun /pronoun that indicates it is the direct object of a verb eg
We hate him
- him is the direct object, him is the accusative case, hate is the verb
Participle - define
A verb that is behaving like an adjective eg
Her laughing face, laughing is the participle
Aspect marker
Undefined
Adverbial participle - define
Undefined
Benefactive
Word that indicates what object was beneficiary
Eg I bought this for you
For is the benefactive indicates you were the one that received
