grammar definitions

Question 1

verb - define

Answer 1

action words

Question 2

pronoun - define

Answer 2

a small set of words, used as a substitute to refer to another noun eg he, she, they, I, me

Question 3

adverb - define

Answer 3

a word that describes or characterises a verb, adjective, adverb, clause or a sentence
eg
he ran quickly

Question 4

compound subject - define

Answer 4

2 or more nouns/pronouns referenced together as one subject

Question 5

demonstrative pronouns - define

Answer 5

this, that, those, they
pronouns that identify a noun that’s already been identified
eg see that red jacket? i want that - ‘that’ is a demonstrative pronoun

Question 6

demonstrative determiners - define

Answer 6

this, that, those
used to specify a specific item from a set of nouns eg
this person smells - ‘this’ is a demonstrative determiner

The demonstrative determiners (known as demonstrative adjectives in traditional grammar) are this, that, these, and those. A demonstrative determiner defines where its noun or pronoun is in relation to the speaker.

Question 7

descriptive adjectives - define

Answer 7

adjectives that explain a quality of an object
eg shiny car (shiny is adjective)

Question 8

limiting adjectives - define

Answer 8

adjectives that identify a specific member of a set of nouns eg this car, some people, many dogs, most ears

Question 9

auxiliary verbs - define

Answer 9

can, do, and be
they sit next to another verb and communicates concepts like time, modality eg
i have read this book (have is aux verb, past tense)
i am going to the zoo (am is aux verb, present continuous tense)

Question 10

modal auxiliary verbs - define

Answer 10

‘shall, could, would’
possibility, ability, necessity, and permission

Question 11

continuous tense - define

Answer 11

the -ing sound, indicates it was a continuous event eg laughing, staying

Question 12

transitive verb - define

Answer 12

any verb that must transfer its action onto an object eg ‘bring’, ‘throw’, needs an object

Question 13

intransitive verb - define

Answer 13

any verb that never has an object that its action is directed to eg ‘screamed, hollered, jumped’

Question 14

(grammar) subject - define

Answer 14

the noun in a sentence that is performing the verb
eg
I fed the dog
“I” is the subject

Question 15

(grammar) object - define

Answer 15

the noun in a sentence that a (transitive) verb is acting upon
eg
I fed the dog
“the dog” is the subject

Question 16

(grammar) direct object vs indirect object- define

Answer 16

direct - the noun in a sentence that a verb acts upon
indirect - a 3rd noun that receives the direct object
eg
I kicked the ball to David
ball is direct object (it got kicked, the verb)
David is the indirect object (it ‘received’ the object)
but

I took the ball from David, David is still indirect object

Question 17

conjunctions - define

Answer 17

words that link other words, clauses, phrases together
eg
as, with, and
either, or, nor, neither

Question 18

stative verb - define
what is its opposite

Answer 18

• a verb that describes a state - eg happy, sad, weighs, prefers
• opposite is dynamic, action verbs - eg fight, kick, fly

Question 19

Participle - define

Answer 19

A verb that is behaving like an adjective eg
Her laughing face, laughing is the participle

Question 20

Aspect marker

Answer 20

Undefined

Question 21

Adverbial participle - define

Answer 21

Undefined

Question 22

Benefactive

Answer 22

Word that indicates what object was beneficiary
Eg I bought this for you
For is the benefactive indicates you were the one that received

Question 23

dynamic/ action verb - define
- whats its opposite

Answer 23

a verb that is an action eg kick,punch, fight, eat, spend
opposite is a stative verb

Question 24

sandhi - define

Answer 24

when part of a word’s sound changes at its border, depending on the suffixes attached eg
மரம் -> மரட்டு when you are adding a grammatical case

Question 25

oblique noun stem - define

Answer 25

the version of a noun that can have grammatical case markers attached to it

Question 26

determiner - define (grammar)

Answer 26

a word that - precedes a noun - specifies quantity |clarifies what a noun refers to - no semantic value by itself

Question 27

determiners (grammar) - types (4)

Answer 27

article demonstrative quantifier possessive

Question 28

article determiners - name 3

Answer 28

a, an, the

Question 29

possessive determiners - name 3

Answer 29

my, his, her, their

Question 30

quantifier determiner - name 3

Answer 30

few, many, most, much, more, some

Question 31

predicate (grammar) - define

Answer 31

part of sentence that isnt subject. needs verb

Question 32

copula (grammar) - define

Answer 32

a verb that connects subject and predicate eg you smell nice you is the subject smell is the copula smell nice is the predicate

Question 33

clause (grammar) - define

Answer 33

group of words that consists of 1 subject and 1 predicate

Question 34

compound sentence (grammar) - define

Answer 34

2 or more independent clauses that are connected by a conjunction

Question 35

defective verb - define

Answer 35

verbs that lack a conjugated form in english - I _can_ - this is frozen in present tense others am, been, begone, beware, can*, could,may*,might*,must*, ought*,shall*,should*,was, will*,would*

Question 36

irregular verbs - define

Answer 36

verbs that go through morphophonemic change depending on tense e.g eat, ate, eaten c/w learn, learning, learned, learnt

Question 37

adpositions - define

Answer 37

words that connect nouns/pronouns, to another pronoun or verb, to indicate a relationship between the 2 -the whole noun(s) + adposition can be treated as a 'noun phrase'

Question 38

postpositions - define

Answer 38

type of adposition,used to modify a noun and form a new noun e.g * Such examples _aside_, postpositions are rare in English. * The jury acquitted the defendant, the evidence _notwithstanding_. * I had my first baby six years _ago_. * They will leave a month _hence_.

Question 39

deixis - grammar - define

Answer 39

words that are used to refer to time - eg then place - eg here person - eg you

Question 40

noun-phrase - define

Answer 40

a series of words that collectively can be treated as a noun, eg this year's politics the stupidest of ideas his armpit

Question 41

preposition - define

Answer 41

type of adposition, eg 5th _of_ march _under_ the table _inside_ the house

Question 42

adposition - define the complement

Answer 42

part of the noun phrase that isn't the adposition eg under _the table_ _5th_ of _march_