GRAMMAR OVERVIEW Y1 Flashcards
1
Q
Reverse concord
A
the numbers take feminine endings but have masculine agreement
2
Q
That
A
أنّ
3
Q
أنّ Is followed by
A
A case noun or pronoun Tense doesn’t need to change
4
Q
أنْ is always followed by
A
Verb - A case imperfect It is equal to an infinitive
5
Q
أنْ
A
that
6
Q
Clauses beginning with أنْ resemble
A
The verbal noun
7
Q
May have have a suffix أنّ
A
pronoun attached to it هل نسي أَنَّهُ جاء بهِ
8
Q
If the following verb conveys a past completed action
A
أنّ is used
9
Q
May also be used to express أنّ
A
Indirect speech (“He said that…”)
10
Q
أنْ لا / ألا
A
That not
11
Q
“It is expected that”
A
مِنْ المُنْتظرِ أنْ
12
Q
“He intends to”
A
يقصِدُ أنْ
13
Q
“He hopes to”
A
يرْجو أنْ
14
Q
لا
A
Used with U imperfect Present, future
15
Q
لنْ
A
Used with A imperfect Future Often emphatic
16
Q
لمْ
A
0 imperfect Past Followed by zero case (or liaison vowel) (We use this FAR more often than ما + perfect to show negative past tense)
17
Q
With continuous past tense, the negative
A
Precedes كان (not imperfect) لَمْ is used
18
Q
Negative interrogatives are introduced by
A
أ + neg. particle (Not هل)
19
Q
Nothing
A
Rendered by شيْءٌ (at end) + negative (at start)
20
Q
Never
A
Past tense: Rendered by negative + قطُّ Future tense: rendered by negative + أبداً
21
Q
In a series of sentences joined by و, the particle قد can be found
A
Before the second perfect tense verb This is often stylistic
22
Q
In a subordinate clause قد may mean
A
“Has” (Before a perfect verb) OR “had” ie The pluperfect
23
Q
With the imperfect قد can mean
A
May, might, perhaps
24
Q
The particle قد can occur before
A
لا To make “may”-> “may not”
25
may appear before an لَقَدْ
Initial Perfect verb لقد أكلْنا كلّ... We've eaten all...
26
The particle لَقَدْ may appear after
ف...أمّا To indicate "but I have..."
27
Clause of attendant circumstance حال
Indicates something that continues to happen "He remained eating" "I found her eating" They can be: Perfect & imperfect Imp & imp Perfect & وقد & perfect
28
The حال clause may begin... Which conjunction is needed?
With the subject and may also be an equational sentence The و conjunction is needed twice وجدْتها وهي تجْلسُ = I found her and she was sitting "I found her sitting"
29
What follows prepositions?
I case
30
The object of transitive verbs are
A case
31
After إنّ the topic switches from U to
A case
32
After ولكن
Switch to A case
33
Case used before suffix pronouns
A case
34
Prepositions attached to suffix pronouns take
I case (like all other prepositions)
35
Case indicating possession
I case
36
For first person possession the case is
Dropped مكْتبي = my office
37
Particle used to separate two object pronouns
إيّا سأعْطيكَ إيّاه = I'll give it to you
38
May also be used for إيّا
Rhetorical emphasis إياكُمُ اخْترْنا = it's you we've chosen
39
الَّذِي
Masculine singular relative pronoun
40
الّتي
Fem singular relative pronoun
41
الَّذِين
Masc plural relative pronoun
42
اللواتي
Fem plural relative pronoun
43
The noun is the
Antecedent
44
When the antecedent is not the subject
A suffix pronoun is necessary (attached to verb)
45
When the antecedent is grammatically DEFINITE
A relative pronoun is needed
46
A following verb will
Agree with the antecedent in person
47
Masculine singular relative pronoun
الَّذِي
48
Fem singular relative pronoun
الّتي
49
Masc plural relative pronoun
الَّذِين
50
Fem plural relative pronoun
اللواتي
51
Verb Subject Object What is the correct order with a) Definite subject b) Definite object
Verb -\> definite subject -\> object Verb -\> definite object -\> subject
52
After إنّ
Subject -\> verb -\> object
53
Question order
هل -\> object subject verb
54
When initial, ء is associated with
ا alif Imperfect prefixes are added to verbs with initial أ - it is not removed
55
When final after a long vowel, hamza is
Written alone (Addition of ت in verbs makes no difference)
56
Nouns and adjs ending in ي, addition of a further element (i.e. ة), causes ء to
Be written on top of ي I.e. ئة
57
When final and after alif, hamza is
Written: أ Verb suffixes make no difference
58
The hamza in Form 2 imperfect verbs starting with أ change when prefixes are added:
To ؤ: ألّف -\> يؤلّف
59
When ء is followed by ي suffix
Written: ئ
60
When ء follows و and is before a suffix pronoun
Written: ؤ
61
When final and after a consonant, hamza is
Written alone The addition of اً only causes a change if the اً may be joined to the previous letter I.e. ملئاً
62
When medial, and if vowels either side are i, hamza is written
ئ
63
When medial, and if the vowels are a and u, hmza is written
ؤ
64
ا alif Imperfect prefixes are added to verbs with initial أ - it is not removed
When initial, ء is associated with
65
Written alone (Addition of ت in verbs makes no difference)
When final after a long vowel, hamza is
66
Be written on top of ي I.e. ئة
Nouns and adjs ending in ي, addition of a further element (i.e. ة), causes ء to
67
Written: أ Verb suffixes make no difference
When final and after alif, hamza is
68
To ؤ: ألّف -\> يؤلّف
The hamza in Form 2 imperfect verbs starting with أ change when prefixes are added:
69
Written: ئ
When ء is followed by ي suffix
70
Written: ؤ
When ء follows و and is before a suffix pronoun
71
Written alone The addition of اً only causes a change if the اً may be joined to the previous letter I.e. ملئاً
When final and after a consonant, hamza is
72
ئ
When medial, and if vowels either side are i, hamza is written
73
ؤ
When medial, and if the vowels are a and u, hmza is written
74
فعيل
Nouns and adjectives
75
مفْعل
Nouns of place
76
Where R3 is ي in the pattern فعيلٌ we have
فعِيّ (We don't double the ي)
77
Active participle (doer)
فاعل
78
Passive participle (receiver)
مفْعول
79
The hollow version of a noun of place is
مفالٌ / مفالةٌ
80
فعّالٌ / فعّالةٌ
Pattern of habitual action Often indicates a trade (cook, peasant) May indicate a piece of machinery (car, fridge etc)
81
فعالةٌ
Abstract noun pattern Denotes concepts, ie friendship, cleanliness
82
فُعولَة
Abstract noun pattern, denotes concepts such as motherhood, childhood
83
Active participle - doer
فاعل
84
Passive participle - patient
مفْعول
85
Active participle of intransitive verbs (don't impact any other object) indicate:
State (eg Sitting)
86
Non human passive participles used as nouns (i.e. Drinks, subjects) have the plural ending
اتٌ (Feminine plural)
87
Passaic participle of derived forms may serve as
Noun of place
88
Some passive participles convey
the notion of"...-able" مقبولٌ = acceptable
89
A passive participle may govern a
preposition مسموح به "Permissible with it" = Is permitted
90
To indicate possession:
Noun + suffix pronoun كتابَهُ
91
The suffix pronoun is attached to
The noun it possesses, but not the qualifying adjective
92
The noun which the suffix is attached to has
No definite article, but the adjective qualifying it does قرأ كتابَهُ الجديدَ بيتي الجديدُ
93
The first noun in possession is marked by the
Definite ending, but no article
94
The noun possessor is marked by
I case If the series is extended all nouns except the first are I case
95
When there's more than one possessive
"The x of the z and it's y" I.e. بابُ المطبخِ وشبّاكه (The door of the kitchen and it's window -\> the door and window of the kitchen)
96
The possessor of the noun may be indefinite too
It has the indefinite I case ending تقريرُ زميلٍ
97
We possessive suffix
نا
98
They masc pl possessive suffix
هِمُ
99
You masc pl possessive suffix
كُمْ
100
I/my possessive suffix
ي
101
His possessive suffix
هُ
102
Her possessive suffix
ها
103
They fem pl possessive suffix
هُنّ
104
You fem pl possessive suffix
كُنّ
105
Noun + suffix pronoun كتابَهُ
To indicate possession:
106
The noun it possesses, but not the qualifying adjective
The suffix pronoun is attached to
107
No definite article, but the adjective qualifying it does قرأ كتابَهُ الجديدَ بيتي الجديدُ
The noun which the suffix is attached to has
108
Definite ending, but no article
The first noun is marked by the
109
I case If the series is extended all nouns except the first are I case
The noun possessor is marked by
110
"The x of the z and it's y" I.e. بابُ المطبخِ وشبّاكه (The door of the kitchen and it's window -\> the door and window of the kitchen)
When there's more than one possessive
111
It has the indefinite I case ending تقريرُ زميلٍ
The possessor of the noun may be indefinite too
112
نا
We possessive suffix
113
هِمُ
They masc pl possessive suffix
114
كُمْ
You masc pl possessive suffix
115
ي
I/my possessive suffix
116
هُ
His possessive suffix
117
ها
Her possessive suffix
118
هُنّ
They fem pl possessive suffix
119
كُنّ
You fem pl possessive suffix
120
Bi-radical nouns add ... before the dual suffix
'wow'
ie. "ab" -\> "abuuaan"
121
Two singular nouns will require
dual concord
(And a dual noun may be ualified by two singular adjectives.)
122
Parts of the body occurring in pairs are
unmarked feminine nouns
123
Positive imperatives are formed by the
zero imperfect minus the prefixes
124
A negative imperative is formed by
'la' + imperfect zero case
125
the imperative in form 4 contains
the alif prefix
126
A case adjectives used as adverbs (i.e. He found the cheese excellent) will follow
A case objects
127
Comparatives/superlatives are signified by
أ prefix أفْعلُ
128
With final weak comparatives/superlatives, the hollow radical is replaced with
ى Ie ذكيّ -\> أذْكى
129
With hollow R2 comparatives/superlatives we
Completely remove R2 قليل -\> أقَلُّ
130
Explicit comparatives are always followed by
مِنْ أكبرُ مَنْ = bigger than
131
If the comparison is not with another noun (ie with a verb or time instead, such as "yesterday"), it is followed by
ممّا (than) Instead of مَنْ أشدُّ ممّا كانتْ أمس (it is stronger than yesterday)
132
The pattern فِعالَةٌ
May indicate abstract nouns or verbal nouns Ie ministry, leadership
133
Degree of difference is indicated by
The comparative prefix أ followed by an adjective with the prefix بِ أجْملَ بكثيرٍ = much more beautiful than
134
THE OBJECT OF A TRANSITIVE VERB IS IN THE A CASE
دخل الفندقَ
"He entered the hotel"
- An action is being performed upon the hotel, so it's in the object case.
135
انّ and ولكن INDICATE SHIFTS FROM U TO A CASE
انّ هدا المسجدَ جميل
"(Indeed) This mosue is beautiful"
The mosque is placed into a sort of object case, whilst the adjective 'beautiful' is indefinite U case.
The 'inna' serves as a weak reinforcing particle.
The subject after 'walakina' will be A case as well, and it's adjective placed in the indefinite U case.
136
When used with a possessive construction, demonstratives...
...come AFTER THE SUBJECT
كتابك الجديد هذا جمييل
"THIS new book OF YOURS is beautiful"
- Also NOTE THAT THE POSSESSED ITEM IS INDEFINITE (no 'al-')
A 'hiya/huwa' may be inserted.
137
When final and AFTER a long vowel (A/Y/U), the HAMZA
IS WRITTEN ALONE.
However with the addition of the feminine marker/possessive suffix it is written on top of the 'ya' (seat of the hamza), or the 'wow'.
ؤ ئ
138
If a FORM II verb begins with ALIF, the addition of a PERSONAL MARKER (ie in the imperfect) will cause...
...the alif to become a ؤ
(A 'wow' with hamza on top.)
ألّف (he composed) -\>\>\> يُؤَلِّفُ (he composes)
139
اسم
NOUN
140
جملة
sentence
141
جملة اسميّة
Equational sentence
142
جملة فعلية
Verbal sentence
143
THE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE OF R2 HOLLOW VERBS
Instead of فاعل we have: فائِل
ie. زائِر = visitor
144
The IMPERFECT OF KAANA IS USED FOR
FUTURE TENSE
اكون هنا غداً = I shall be here tomorrow.
145
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ل and الى
'li' has the sense of 'to', whereas 'iilaa' has a sense of 'towards'
li: "she read it to me"
iilaa: "he came to(wards) your office"
- Note that BOTH may be used after سلّم
146
WORDS FOR 'TO HAVE':
عنْد
مع
لِ
عنْد - used with CONCEPTS AND IDEAS (ie I have an idea)
مع - suggests PROXIMITY (ie she has a watch on her)
لِ - indicates FACT (ie she has a rich uncle)
147
لِ may be PREFIXED to OBJECTS IN POSSESSIVE SENTENCES where there may be ambiguity.
ie. وجدهُ في المكتبِ الجديدِ لِلوزيرِ
is translated as:
He found him in the new office of the minister.
(as opposed to "he found him in the office of the new minister")
148
FINAL WEAK VERBS in the IMPERFECT have their short 'A' vowel...
EXTENDED to ى
ie. يبْقى - he remains
NOTE THAT WHEN A SUFFIX PRONOUN IS PRESENT THE ى becomes ALIF
هل تلْقاهُ... (Did you meet him...?)
ALSO, THIS DOES NOT APPLY TO 'YOU FEM.', which keeps its ya and adds the noon.
149
INDEFINITE POSSESSIVES: The possessor will have the DEFINITE U ENDING (but no 'al-')
...and the possessed object will have
INDEFINITE I-CASE
تقريرُ جميلٍ
(a colleague's report)
150
'TO LIKE' IS RENDERED BY
تُعْجِبُني = IT PLEASES ME
From the verb أعْجب
...هل تُعْجِبُها (Does she like...?)
151
IN FINAL WEAK DERIVED FORMS R3 'WOW' IS ALWAYS RENDERED BY:
ى IN THE PERFECT TENSE.
In the imperfect we have the usual 'ya'
152
The verb TO GIVE takes
... 2 A CASE OBJECTS
أعْطى
153
3 NEGATIVE PARTICLES:
لا
لمْ
لنْ
لا - PRESENT/FUTURE, U imperfect
لمْ - PAST, zero imperfect
لنْ - FUTURE, A imperfect
Note that negative questions are introduced by أ + a negative particle
'Nothing' and 'Never' are also formed by a negative particle at the start of the phrase, and then شيْء or قطّ at the end.
154
2 WORDS FOR 'WHEN'
لمّا
عنْدما
لمّا - USED FOR PAST COMPLETED ACTION (ie. when I read it...)
عنْدما - FLEXIBLE USE (I (will) understand when I hear)
155
If a name is preceded by the vocative يا
The final 'n' marker of the name is DROPPED.
156
INTERROGATIVES
أيْن
ماذا
ما
منْ
أيْن = where?
ماذا = what? (ref. to object)
ما = what? (ref. to noun)
منْ = who?
lam, limada and maada may be followed by لم to indicate a negative question.
157
INTERROGATIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS
إلى أيْن
لِمنْ
بِما
لماذا
إلى أيْن = where to?
لِمنْ = to whom?
بِما = with what?
لماذا = why? what for?
NOTE that a variant of لماذا is لم
158
أنّ is followed by
A CASE
159
160
Where R2 is و or ي perfect tense
R2 becomes ا in the 3rd person فال And disappears entirely for other persons زُرتُ، زُرتَ، زُرتِ، زارتْ، زار عِشْتُ، عِشتَ، عِشتِ، عاشتْ، عاش Note that the short vowels become "u" for و hollow verbs, and "I" for ي hollow verbs
161
Where R2 is و or ي in imperfect tense
The و or ي remain in the imperfect, with the imperfect prefixes added to the start as usual I.e. أعيش (I live) تزورُ (he visits)
162
When R2 is hollow in form 2 however, the و/ي is NOT replaced by alif
Because of the ّ (shaddah) i.e. زوّر غيّر
163
Where the active participle (فاعل) has hollow R2, we have
فائل I.e. زائرٌ = visitor
164
Where R1 is و
Only the imperfect of form 1 is affected - it drops its و يوْعل becomes يعل أوجدُ becomes أجِدُ
165
Form 2 and the perfect of form 1 is not affected by
Initial و verbs
166
Where R3 is ي in present tense
There are no changes
167
Where R3 is و in present tense
The R3 becomes a ي
168
If R3 in pattern فعِل is و/ي in the IMPERFECT
The R3 changes - a extends to become ى E.g. يرْضى تَبْقى
169
If R3 is imperfect and has و/ي AND has a suffix pronoun
The extended aa shifts from ى to ا (alif) I.e. تلْقاهُ
170
With the pattern فعل in the perfect tense
3 masculine ends aa where R3 is hollow Wow becomes alif Ya becomes aa (ى) ALL OTHER PERSONS ARE UNAFFCTED
171
Perfect tense Derived forms with و/ي ending have
R3= ى Their R3 is unidentifiable E.g. قوّى / أرْضى / اِشْترى
172
IMPERFECT tense derived forms
Have their usual prefixes and end in ي
173
Where R3 is hollow in an imperfect zero case verb
Instead of "ya zuu ru", we have "yazuur" يزُرْ / تزُرْ / تزوري / أزُرْ This is fairly logical in that we are simply getting rid of the case endings. (Note that 2 feminine is regular)
174
With the type يبْقى the a imperfect changes only in 2 feminine
The final -na is dropped, leaving: تَرْضَى
175
With the type يبْقى the 0 imperfect changes only in 2 feminine
The -na is dropped, and we are left with the short a ending: يبْقَ
176
A 0 imperfect ending in ى
Loses the ى and has an i ending I.e. قضى -\> يقْضِ
177
A case imperfect ending with alif
Replaces ا with و I.e. رجا -\> يرْجُوَ
178
Form 4 R2 hollow verbs
Are replaced by a long vowel in R2 Either ي / ا
179
R2 hollow form 4 verbal nouns add
Feminine ending ة
180
Form 8 R2 hollow verbs always replace R2
With aa ا
181
Form 8 verbal noun R2 is always
ي
182
Imperfect initial و verbs
Drop the و when creating derived nouns وثق -\> شقةٌ (trust)
183
Some final weak ى verbs have the imperfect
يَفْعَى The imperfect of form 5 is of this type
184
In derived forms the hollow R3 و always appears as
ي
185
Form one hollow R3 active participles
replace و with ي
186
Masc they perfect final weak verbs
aa type End in وْا رجا -\> رجوْا Or yy type end in وا لقيَ -\> لقوا
187
Masc you pl perfect final weak verbs
End in تمْ and keep the hollow و
188
Masc plural imperfect final weak verbs end
U imperfect = ونَ A/0 imperfect = وا
189
Masc plural يفْعى type ends
وْنَ
190
The hollow verb of form X parallels
Form 4
191
The fem plural perfect of hollow verbs
end unaa ُنَّ
192
The fem plu imperfect hollow verbs
Have a ْ followed by na ending (نَ)
193
Form one final weak passive participles look like
مفْعُوّ / مفْعِيّ
194
Feminine weak passive participles all end in
اةٌ
195
Masculine weak passive participles end in
'a' in all three cases ى
196
Final weak nouns of place all end in
ى
197
Hollow verbs of form 3 perfect
فعى
198
Hollow verbs of form 3 imperfect
يفْعي
199
فعيل with a final weak ya becomes
فعيّ
200
اراد plural =
ارادوا
201
زرتَ plural =
زرتمْ
202
اِخترتَ plural =
اِخترتم
203
يريد plural =
يريدوا
204
رجا plural =
رجوا
205
اِشترى plural =
اِشتروْا
206
فعل
Perfect (f1)
207
فعّل
Perfect (f2)
208
فاعل
Perfect (f3)
209
أفْعل
Perfect (f4)
210
تفعل
Perfect (f5)
211
اِفْتعل
Perfect (f8)
212
اِسْتفْعل
Perfect (f10)
213
يفعلُ
Imperfect (f1)
214
يُفعّلُ
Imperfect (f2)
215
يُفاعلُ
Imperfect (f3)
216
يُفْعِلُ
Imperfect (f4)
217
يتفعّلُ
Imperfect (f5)
218
يَفْتعِلُ
Imperfect (f8)
219
يسْتفْعِل
Imperfect (f10)
220
اِسْتِفْعالٌ
VN (f10)
221
اِفْتعالٌ
VN (f8)
222
تفعّلٌ
VN (f5)
223
إِفْعالٌ
VN (f4)
224
مُفاعلةٌ
VN (f3)
225
تفْعيلٌ
VN (f2)
226
Form 2 is frequently used to
make a verb from a noun E.g. Leaves ورقٌ -\> to leaf ورّق
227
Where form 1 is intransitive (doesn't impinge on anything else), form 2 is
Transitive (has an effect on other objects) E.g. To be cold (برد) -\> to make cold (برّد)
228
Where form 1 is transitive, form 2 may be
DOUBLY transitive I.e. Taking two A case objects فهمتُ الولد الكتاب = I enabled the boy to understand the book
229
Form 8 is often
Reflexive
230
Form 8 is characterised by
A ت infix
231
Form 4 is usually
Causative
232
فرْملَ
Quad perfect
233
يُفرْملُ
Quad imperfect
234
مُفرْمِلٌ
Quad active participle
235
مُفرْملٌ
Quad passive participle
236
Form V is frequently
The reflexive of form 2
237
The quadrilateral verbs of form 5 also have
The ت infix
238
Form 10 is sometimes
The reflexive of form 4
239
Form 10 meanings:
- estimations (to think something is) - declarations (to find something as being) - to ask for something
240
Forms 2,3 and 4 have
The same vowels in the imperfect
241
The notions of form 3 are
- trying to do something - doing something to someone (with implied reciprocity)
242
Form 6 perfect
تفاعل
243
Form 6 imperfect
يتفاعلُ
244
Form 6 active participle
مُتفاعِلٌ
245
Form 6 passive participle
مُتفاعَلٌ
246
Form 6 verbal noun
تفاعُلٌ
247
Form 6 is very closely related to
form 3
248
Fom 6 conveys
reciprocity
249
هو
HE pronoun
250
هي
SHE pronoun
251
أنا
I pronoun
252
أنتَ
YOU M pronoun
253
أنتِ
YOU F pronoun
254
كِ
YOU F possessive suffix
255
نا
WE possessive suffix
256
نَحْنُ
WE pronoun
257
أنّنا
"That we"
258
إنّنا
"Indeed we"
259
ولكنّنا
"But we"
260
(هُمْ (هُمُ
THEY M pronoun
261
أَنْتُم
YOU M PL pronoun
262
هُمَّ
THEY F PL pronoun
263
أنْتُنّ
YOU F PL pronoun
264
HE pronoun
هو
265
SHE pronoun
هي
266
I pronoun
أنا
267
YOU M pronoun
أنتَ
268
YOU F pronoun
أنتِ
269
YOU F possessive suffix
كِ
270
WE possessive suffix
نا
271
WE pronoun
نَحْنُ
272
That we
أنّنا
273
Indeed we
إنّنا
274
But we
ولكنّنا
275
هُمْ) هُمُ)
THEY M PL pronoun
276
أَنْتُم
YOU M PL pronoun
277
هُمَّ
THEY F PL pronoun
278
أنْتُنّ
YOU F PL pronoun
279
ي
MY possessive suffix
280
هُ
HIS possessive suffix
281
ها
HER possessive suffix
282
ك
YOUR M possessive suffix
283
كِ
YOUR F possessive suffix
284
نا
OUR possessive suffix
285
كما
YOUR DUAL possessive suffix
286
هما
THEIR DUAL possessive suffix
287
كم
YOUR M PL possessive suffix
288
كنَّ
YOUR F PL possessive suffix
289
هم
THEIR M possessive suffix
290
هنَّ
THEIR F possessive suffix
291
هم
THEY M pronoun
292
هنّ
THEY F pronoun
293
أنتما
YOU DUAL pronoun
294
هما
THEY DUAL pronoun
295
MY possessive suffix
ي
296
HIS possessive suffix
هُ
297
HER possessive suffix
ها
298
YOUR M possessive suffix
ك
299
YOUR F possessive suffix
كِ
300
OUR possessive suffix
نا
301
YOUR DUAL possessive suffix
كما
302
THEIR DUAL possessive suffix
هما
303
YOUR M PL possessive suffix
كم
304
YOUR F PL possessive suffix
كنَّ
305
THEIR M possessive suffix
هم
306
THEIR F possessive suffix
هنَّ
307
THEY M pronoun
هم
308
THEY F pronoun
هنّ
309
YOU DUAL pronoun
أنتما
310
THEY DUAL pronoun
هما
311
Arabic has two basic tenses
Perfect/completed + imperfect/incompleted
312
فعلتُ
I did
313
فعلْتَ
You m did
314
فعلتِ
You f did
315
فعل
He did
316
فعلتْ
She did
317
أفْعل
I do
318
تفْعل
You m do
319
تفْعلين
You f do
320
يَفْعَل
He does
321
تفْعل
She does
322
Verbs with i as middle vowel (فعِل) correspond to
يَفْعَل It's less clear cut with فعَل verbs though
323
The future tense is formed by
Imperfect of كان
324
سَ + imperfect
Indicates future tense (This is not used after negative particles, and is avoided after هل)
325
Continuous past created with
Perfect كان + imperfect Used for: Ongoing action/state in the past Habitual past action A negative particle will precede كان
326
The pluperfect is formed by
Perfect tense كان + perfect verb (قد is often placed before verb 2)
327
He had been
Is always rendered simply by كان (Not كان قد كان)
328
-أ
I - imp
329
-تَ
You m imp
330
تَ....ينَ
You f imp
331
-يَ
He imp
332
-تَ
She imp
333
-نَ
We imp
334
تَ... وْنَ
You m pl imp
335
تَ...نَ
You f pl imp
336
يَ...وْنَ
They m imp
337
يَ...نَ
They f imp
338
تُ -
I perf
339
تَ -
You m perf
340
تِ -
You f perf
341
تْ -
She perf
342
نا -
We perf
343
تُمْ -
You f pl perf
344
تُنّ -
You m pl perf
345
وْا -
They m perf
346
نَ -
They f perf
347
-تُ
أَ
348
-تَ
تَ
349
-
يَ
350
-تْ
تَ
351
-نا
نَ (forms 1 and 8) نُ (forms 2 and 4)
352
-تُمْ / تُمُ
تَ... ونَ (U imperfect) تَ...وا (A/0 imperfects) Not that alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
353
-وا Note alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
يَ...ونَ (U imperfect) يَ...وا (A/0 imperfect)
354
-تُنّ
تَ...نَ
355
-نَ
يَ...نَ
356
أَ
-تُ
357
تَ
-تَ
358
تِ
ت...ين
359
يَ
-
360
تَ...ين
تِ
361
تَ...نَ
-تُنّ
362
يَ...نَ
-نَ
363
نَ (forms 1 and 8) نُ (forms 2 and 4)
-نا
364
تَ... ونَ (U imperfect) تَ...وا (A/0 imperfects) Not that alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
-تُمْ / تُمُ
365
يَ...ونَ (U imperfect) يَ...وا (A/0 imperfect)
-وا Note alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
366
زار
يزور
367
zaarat
tazuuru
368
zurta
tazuuru
369
zurti
tazuuriina
370
zurtu
azuuru
371
عاش
يعيش
372
عاشتْ
تعيش
373
عاشْت
تعيش
374
عشْت
تعيشين
375
عشْتُ
أعيش
376
جاء
يجئ
377
وجد
يجد
378
وجدتُ
اجد
379
بقيت
ابقى
380
بقيتِ
تبقى
381
بقيتَ
يبقى
382
بقِي
يبْقى
383
رجوْتَ
ترْجو
384
رجا
يرْجو
385
رجتْ
ترْجو
386
رجوتِ
ترْجين
387
رجوتُ
أرْجو
388
قضى
يقْضي
389
قضتْ
تقْضي
390
قضيْتَ
تقْضين
391
قضيتُ
أقْضي
392
قوّى
يقوّي
393
أرْضى
يرْضي
394
اِشْترى
يشْتري
395
396
سعى
يسْعى
397
رأى
يرى
398
-تُ
أَ
399
-تَ
تَ
400
-
يَ
401
-تْ
تَ
402
-نا
نَ (forms 1 and 8) نُ (forms 2 and 4)
403
-تُمْ / تُمُ
تَ... ونَ (U imperfect) تَ...وا (A/0 imperfects) Not that alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
404
-وا Note alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
يَ...ونَ (U imperfect) يَ...وا (A/0 imperfect)
405
-تُنّ
تَ...نَ
406
-نَ
يَ...نَ
407
أَ
-تُ
408
تَ
-تَ
409
تِ
ت...ين
410
يَ
-
411
تَ...ين
تِ
412
تَ...نَ
-تُنّ
413
يَ...نَ
-نَ
414
نَ (forms 1 and 8) نُ (forms 2 and 4)
-نا
415
تَ... ونَ (U imperfect) تَ...وا (A/0 imperfects) Not that alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
-تُمْ / تُمُ
416
يَ...ونَ (U imperfect) يَ...وا (A/0 imperfect)
-وا Note alif is dropped before suffix pronoun
417
زار
يزور
418
zaarat
tazuuru
419
zurta
tazuuru
420
zurti
tazuuriina
421
zurtu
azuuru
422
عاش
يعيش
423
عاشتْ
تعيش
424
عاشْت
تعيش
425
عشْت
تعيشين
426
عشْتُ
أعيش
427
جاء
يجئ
428
وجد
يجد
429
وجدتُ
اجد
430
بقيت
ابقى
431
بقيتِ
تبقى
432
بقيتَ
يبقى
433
بقِي
يبْقى
434
رجوْتَ
ترْجو
435
رجا
يرْجو
436
رجتْ
ترْجو
437
رجوتِ
ترْجين
438
رجوتُ
أرْجو
439
قضى
يقْضي
440
قضتْ
تقْضي
441
قضيْتَ
تقْضين
442
قضيتُ
أقْضي
443
قوّى
يقوّي
444
أرْضى
يرْضي
445
اِشْترى
يشْتري
446
447
سعى
يسْعى
448
رأى
يرى
449
فعل
He did
450
فعلتْ
She did
451
فعلتَ
You did
452
فعلتِ
You did
453
فعلتُ
I did
454
فعلنا
We did
455
فعلْتُما
You (dual) did
456
فعلا
They (m dual) did
457
فعلتا
They (f dual) did
458
فعلتمْ
You (m pl) did
459
فعلتنّ
You (f pl) did
460
فعلوْا
They (m) did
461
فعلْنَ
They (f) did
462
افْعل
I do
463
تفْعل
You (m) do
464
تفْعلين
You do
465
تفْعل
She does
466
يفْعل
He does
467
نفْعل
We do
468
تفْعلان
You (dual) do
469
تفْعلان
They (f dual) do
470
يفْعلان
They (m dual) do
471
تفْعلوْن
You (m pl) do
472
يفْعلوْن
They (m) do
473
تفْعلن
You (f pl) do
474
يفْعلن
They (f) do
