Grammar Rules Flashcards
– above a vowel indicates…
Mid tone
‘ above a vowel indicates…
High tone
` above a vowel indicates…
Low tone
Does pitch/tone rise when asking a question?
Yes
In Punjabi, T, P and K are all…
Unaspirated
In Punjabi, T is said by…
Touching the tip of the tongue to the back of the teeth
There are different suffixes for…
Masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, and feminine plural words
Masculine singular words end in…
ā e.g. mūdā, āiā
Masculine plural words end in…
e e.g. mūde, āe
Feminine singular words end in…
ī e.g. kurī, āī
Feminine plural words end in…
īā e.g. kurīā, āīā
In Punjabi, there is coordination between the verb and the…
Subject
If the subject is masculine singular, then the verb suffix is…
Masculine singular
If the subject is feminine singular, then the verb suffix is…
Feminine singular
If the subject is plural, then the verb suffix is…
Plural
What is the difference between: ó jādā e and ó jādī e?
ó jādā e - he goes
ó jādī e - she goes
Ó means both he and she, so the verb suffix creates the distinction
In Punjabi, the plural form is often used to…
Show respect
Would it be more respectful to say: é merā dost e or é mere dost ne?
é mere dost ne (this is the plural form which translates to ‘they are my friends’)
What is the basic sentence structure pattern?
Subject, object, verb
In Punjabi, vowels are affected by…
Tones. Generally, words with high tone have shorter vowels and words with low tone have longer vowels.
The present tense corresponds with the…
Subject, not the object.
How many degrees of past tense are there?
Three.
Ó āiā - he came
Ó āiā e - he has come
Ó āiā sī - he had come
The past tense corresponds with the…
Object, not the subject
What is the difference between ó čá pīdā e and ó čá pīdī e?
ó čá pīdā e means he is having tea, and ó čá pīdī e means she is having tea.
