Grammar - Test 3 Flashcards
Interrogative pronoun:
do anything/whatever
我喜欢吃什么就吃什么。
我想去哪儿就去哪儿。
S + aux.V + V + IP + 就 + V + IP:
我喜欢吃什么就吃什么。I eat whatever I like
我想去哪儿就去哪儿。I can go wherever I want to go.
Interrogative pronoun:
wherever/whichever is good, S will do.
那种办法好，我们就用那种。
哪儿好玩儿，我就去哪儿。
**IP + __, S + 就 + V + IP：
那种办法好，我们就用那种。Whichever method is best, I will use.
哪儿好玩儿，我就去哪儿。Wherever this is fun, I will go.
Interrogative pronoun:
can do anytime/anywhere/with anyone…
我们去哪儿吃饭都行。
你什么时候来都行。
怎么做都可以。
你跟谁去都行。
S + V + IP + 都行/可以：
我们去哪儿吃饭都行。We can eat anywhere.
你什么时候来都行。You can go anytime.
怎么做都可以。You can do whatever you want.
你跟谁去都行。You can go with anyone.
Fraction:
3/4
D + 分之 + #N
¾: 四分之三
Percentage :
93%
百分之 + #
93%: 百分之几十三
Multiple: 十 vs. 比
四是一的四倍：
四比一多三倍：
教室比宿舍大三倍
A 是 B 的 C 倍：A is C times B
四是一的四倍：four is four times one
A 比 B 多 C 倍：difference between A and B is C times B (SUBSTRACT)
四比一多三倍：difference between four and one, is three times one
教室比宿舍大三倍：classrooms compared to dorms is three times larger
Emphasize complete negation:
Not even a little bit
Don’t eat (attitude) vs. didn’t eat
我一点儿酒也不喝：
万老师一句法文也不会说：
topic + S + 一 + MW + N + 也/都 + 不/没。。。
一点儿：not even a little bit
不吃 (don’t eat, attitude), 没吃 (didn’t eat)
我一点儿酒也不喝：I don’t drink any wine.
万老师一句法文也不会说：Teacher Wan doesn’t speak a word of french.
Even if …, unaffected result
就是没钱买米，我也不借债：
就是下大雨，我也要去参加晚会：
就是 + hypothetical condition，也 + unaffected result：
就是没钱买米，我也不借债：even if I don’t have money to buy rice, I won’t borrow money.
就是下大雨，我也要去参加晚会：even if it rains heaily, I will still go to the party.
Already:
都十一点了，她还没起来：
都十二点了，你怎么还不睡觉？
都。。。了
都十一点了，她还没起来：It’s already 11 o’clock, she hasn’t gotten up yet.
都十二点了，你怎么还不睡觉？It’s already 12 o’clock, why aren’t you sleeping yet?
all of the individuals within a certain range (every, each)
她试过各种方法：
美国有很多大学，各个学校的情况不一样：
各 + MW + N:
她试过各种方法：she tried vaurous methods
美国有很多大学，各个学校的情况不一样：there are many universities in the US, the situation in each school is different.
Addition to what has been mentioned:
Inclusive
Multiple subjects
Exclusive
Except for… all others
Inclusive: 除了。。。以外，还/也。。。
除了学汉语以外，我还要旅行：in addition to learning Chinese, I also want to travel.
Multiple subjects: 除了 + S1 + 以外，S2 + 也。。。
除了我以外，他也是一年级的学生：besides me, he is also a first year student.
Exclusive: 除了。。。以外，别的 + O + S + 都 + V。。。
除了这首诗以外，别的唐诗我都倍背不出来：besides this poem, I can’t recite any other Tang poems.
Except for ___, all others ___: 除了 + S1 + 以外，S2 + 都 + V
除了万老师以外，我们都是学生：except for teacher Wan, we are all students.
Best option, most ideal choice:
明天我们要去爬山，最好别下雨：
最好
明天我们要去爬山，最好别下雨：we are going to go hiking tomorrow, it’s best if it doesn’t rain.
Give example: ___ like ____
中国大城市很多，像北京，上海都是现代化的大都市.
她会说好几种外语，像法语，意大利语，她说的都很流利.
___像 + V
中国大城市很多，像北京，上海都是现代化的大都市：there are many big cities in China, like BeiJing and ShangHai, which are modern metropolises.
她会说好几种外语，像法语，意大利语，她说的都很流利：he can speak several foreign languages, such as French and Italian. He speaks them fluently.
Complement of possibility:
- lack of energy/strength to do something
- can do something
- something will fit (capacity)
- someone is able to do something
- V + 得/不 +动： lack of energy/strength to do something
我穿得那么多，连路都走不动了：I’m wearing so many clothes, that I can’t even walk. - V + 得/不 +了：can do something
你的眼睛不舒服，看得了书吗？Your eyes are uncomfortable, can you read? - V + 得/不 +下：something will fit (capacity)
你的书包里放得下十本书吗？Can you put ten books in your bag?
- Common V used: 站 (stand)，坐 (sit)，住 (live)，睡 (sleep)，放 (put)，停 (stop) - V + 得/不 +着：someone is able to do something
这么吵, 你睡得着吗 ？It’s too noisy, can you sleep?
initiation of an action
现在三月了，天气暖和起来了：
V/adj + 起来 + 了
现在三月了，天气暖和起来了：it’s march now and the weather is getting warmer.
