grammar_rules Flashcards
Turkish Grammar Rules
How do you make a word plural?
Add “ler” for words with the last vowel of “e, i, ö, ü”. Add “lar for words with the last vowel of “a, ı, o, u”.
When a number precedes a noun is the noun made plural?
No. Example: 2 ekmek lütfen.
What is the proper order of adjectives and nouns?
Adjective - a - noun. Example: yeni bir şehir
When talking about direction what ending is added to nouns?
Add - (y)a - to nouns with the last vowel of “a, ı, o, u”. Add - (y)e - to nouns with the last vowel of “e, i, ö, ü”. Use an apostrophe plus the correct ending when adding to proper nouns (Istinye’ye).
What are the prepositional rules for asking yes or no questions? - 4 words and the vowels they are used with
mı - a ı
mu - o u
mi - i, e
mü - ö ü
Verb Construction - Present Positive - Pronoun suffixes
Ben - um
Sen - sun
O
Siz - sunuz
Biz - uz
Onlar - lar
Verb Construction - Present Positive - Vowel Harmony Suffixes
a ı - ıyor
e i - iyor
o u - uyor
ö ü - üyor
What happens to a verb with a vowel ending when adding the suffix?
Remove the vowel ending.
What happens to the verbs “gitmek”, “etmek” and “seyretmek” when conjugating?
The “t” changes to a “d”.
Gitmek = gidiyorum
Etmek = ediyorum
Seyretmek = seyrediyorum
What is the preposition ending?
Equal to English ‘s.
‘nin
What happens to the verb when using it with a plural noun?
It is not necessar to repeat the “lar” or “ler” at the end of the verb. Example: çocuklar seviyor is the same as çocuklar seviyorlar.
How do you show possessive to indicate “to me”?
Add “m/im/ım/üm/um”
To say that “I have” someting what form is used?
Posessive + var. For example, Param var (I have money)
To say that I do not have something what form is used?
Possessive + yok. For example, param yok (I do not have money)
