Grammatical analysis

Question 1

What are two levels did Noam Chomsy suggest impacted sentence structure or syntax?

Answer 1

phrase structure rules and transformational rules

Question 2

What are phrase structure rules?

Answer 2

one level proposed by Chomsky that impacted syntax; it referred to how sentences are internally organized, is universal, and included constituents (i.e., NP and VP)

Question 3

What is a sentence?

Answer 3

noun phrase and a verb phrase

Question 4

What are some ways one transforms language?

Answer 4

changing sentence type; modifying verb tense; make subjects and verbs agree in number

Question 5

What are transformational rules?

Answer 5

the second level proposed by Chomsky that impacted syntax. It referred to sentences being controlled by complete changes. These changes are not universal but a function of a particular language. They affect phrase structure rules in many ways.

Question 6

What is an example of an uncountable noun?

Answer 6

art, milk, rice, tea, and money

Question 7

What is an example of a countable noun (i.e., a noun you can count)?

Answer 7

bed, book, pen, cat, dog, and car

Question 8

What is an example of a compound noun (i.e., two or more nouns stuck together)?

Answer 8

haircut, sunlight, football, hotdog, racecar

Question 9

What is an example of a collective noun?

Answer 9

crowd, bunch, school, team, band, and flock

Question 10

What is a noun?

Answer 10

Words that refer to people, places, things, or ideas

Question 11

What is an example of an abstract noun?

Answer 11

beauty, charity, motivation, ego, and fear

Question 12

What is a verb?

Answer 12

words that express action or a state of being

Question 13

What are the three types of verbs?

Answer 13

Action, linking, and helping

Question 14

What is an action verb?

Answer 14

Tells what action someone or something is performing

Question 15

What is a linking verb?

Answer 15

connects a noun or pronoun with a word that identifies or describes it

Question 16

What is a helping verb?

Answer 16

Added before another verb to make it a verb phrase

Question 17

What is a copula?

Answer 17

A stative verb or a linking verb that indicates a state of being or provides a complement to a noun or adjective

Question 18

What is an example of a copula used to describe a subject?

Answer 18

He seems tiny. Seems is the copula

Question 19

An example of “state of being” verbs are

Answer 19

act, appear, become, get, grow, prove, remain, seem, stay, turn

Question 20

What is a phrase?

Answer 20

a collection of words that do not form a complete sentence; act as a single part of speech in a sentence

Question 21

Besides NP and VP, what are the four types of phrases?

Answer 21

prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase

Question 22

When analyzing a school-age child’s language abilities, we must consider

Answer 22

complexity, semantic representation, and fluency

Question 23

What is a maze?

Answer 23

disfluencies that come in the form of fillers, linguistic reformulations, revisions, and repetitions

Question 24

Children with language deficits typically exhibit ________ in their linguistic performance, especially with narratives.

Answer 24

mazes

Question 25

What is a T-Unit?

Answer 25

One main clause plus any dependent clauses or additional non clausal structures (e.g., appositives and phrase) embedded in it. (E.g. He ate a burger = 1 t-unit; he is sad and she is happy = two T-units)

Question 26

What syntactic information can you obtain from a T-unit analysis?

Answer 26

Number of clauses per T-unit; number of words per T-unit; subordination index (total number of clauses divided by the number of T-units)

Question 27

What can the subject of a sentence be defined as?

Answer 27

a person, place, thing, or idea that is doing something or being something.

Question 28

Why is MLU not used in grammatical analysis?

Answer 28

It loses its value when the child turns 4.5 years old and it does not reveal how a child orders words to produce meaning.