Grapes

Question 1

What is the bud and ripening period for Merlot?

Answer 1

Early Bud / mid Ripe

Question 2

What are some hazards for Merlot?

Answer 2

Spring Frost, Coulure, drought, higher ABV than Cabernet, Botrytis

Question 3

What flavor profile does Merlot have in a cool year?

Answer 3

Strawberry, Red plum, herbal

Question 4

What flavor profile does Merlot have in a warm year?

Answer 4

Cooked blackberry, black plum

Question 5

What is the tannin level and ABV of Merlot?

Answer 5

Medium tannin, high ABV

Question 6

Where is Merlot most planted?

Answer 6

Most planted in Bordeaux

Question 7

Cabernet Sauvignon ripening and bud break

Answer 7

Cabernet Sauvignon is late budding and late ripening – requires warmth to ripen.

Question 8

What are the hazards associated with Cabernet Sauvignon?

Answer 8

Hazards include fungus such as powdery mildew, Esca, dead arm, and fall rain.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon bunches/berries

Answer 9

small berries with thick skins and high tannins.

Question 10

What are the descriptors & structure of Cabernet Sauvignon?

Answer 10

Flavor descriptors include violet, black currant, black cherry, menthol, and herbal.

Medium ABV, high acid, high tannin

Question 11

What is the ripening period for Cabernet Franc?

Answer 11

Early Bud / mid Ripe (picked before fall rain) good on clay

Question 12

What are the hazards associated with Cabernet Franc?

Answer 12

Spring Frost, Coulure

Question 13

What are the key flavor characteristics of Cabernet Franc?

Answer 13

Red Fruit, high Acid, medium tannin
-very winter hardy tolerates freeze

Question 14

What is the body and tannin level of Cabernet Franc?

Answer 14

Light to medium body - medium tannin - high acid

Question 15

What does Cabernet Franc taste like if it is under ripe?

Answer 15

Green and leafy

Question 16

When is semillon ripe

Answer 16

Mid ripe

Question 17

What hazards are associated with Semillon?

Answer 17

Botrytis - High yield

Question 18

Semillon with botytris and oak is

Answer 18

Good with new oak

Question 19

What are the flavor notes of Semillon?

Answer 19

Low intensity – apple, lemon grass ripe

Question 20

What are the flavor developments of botrytis Semillon?

Answer 20

Botrytis flavors - honey, dried lemon, peach, waxy develops to toast and honey notes

Question 21

What are the early budding and late ripening grape varieties?

Answer 21

Grenache, Petit Verdot, Chenin Blanc, Blaufrankisch, Nebbiolo, Barbera, Sangiovese, Aglianico, Nerello Mascalese

Question 22

Which grape variety is noted to bud before Nebbiolo but still be late ripening

Answer 22

Barbera

Question 23

Early Buddy, grapes at risk of frost France

Answer 23

Merlot, Cabernet Franc, chenin Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, melon

Question 24

Early budding Italian grapes at risk of frost

Answer 24

Nebbiolo, Barbera, Sangiovese, aglianico, Primitivo, Nerello mascalese, Vermentino

Question 25

Early budding Spanish grapes at risk of frost

Answer 25

Tempranillo, Granata

Question 26

Chenin Blanc Details

Answer 26

Early budding, late ripe Vigorous - high yields Uneven ripening - multiple passes Hazards- Powdery, mildew, rot trunk disease, autumn rain

Question 27

Furmint

Answer 27

Late ripening, high acid, thick skins high sugar, susceptible to boytritis lemon apple pear

Question 28

Grüner Veltliner

Answer 28

Needs water, soils- clay Loess Vigorous thick skins - can be phenolic and bitter

Question 29

Blaüfrankisch

Answer 29

Early budding- frost risk Late ripe - needs warm climate No rot issues High acid, thick, skins medium plus tannin high-yield

Question 30

Chardonnay-

Answer 30

Range of climate and soils Burgundy - limestone and clay top sites Early bud/early ripe High-yield with no quality loss Hazard - rot powdery, mildew, Vigor management and shading

Question 31

Pinot noir - Dijon clones

Answer 31

Early bud/ early ripe Must limit yield for quality (debud- green harvest) Hazards mildew, botrytis, leaf viruses , sunburn

Question 32

Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 32

Late budding/early ripe Good and cool climates Hazards, powdery, mildew, rot, dead arm. Vineyard management affects flavor a lot

Question 33

Syrah

Answer 33

Vigorous Mid bud/mid ripe Hazards must protect from wind Bunch rot, mites, Syrah disorder (leaves, turn red graft, brakes dies) Needs enough water- not ok with drought Reductive - need more oxygen (small barrels help) Add structure fruit color to South Rhone blends

Question 34

Granache

Answer 34

Early budding / late ripe High yields Thin skins needs warm climate Upright growth - Bush Vine Drought resistant - OK in wind Hazards Fungus Coulure Bacteria disease accumulate sugar quickly= ABV

Question 35

Mourvedre

Answer 35

Late budding / late ripe low yields Hot climate only - needs time to ripen and heat Not drought resistant needs regular water - best on deep calcareous soil Reductive grape variety Hazards - mites, sour rot

Question 36

Cinsaut

Answer 36

Late budding High-yield Good in drought and heat Used to add fresh red fruit to blend drink early

Question 37

Viognier

Answer 37

Early bud Low yields Poor fruit set High ABV - low ass Honeysuckle apricot peach

Question 38

Marsanne

Answer 38

Late budding Vigorous - reduce yield for quality Hazards - powdery mildew, mites, bunch rot Lemon apricot light honeysuckle oily Medium acid full body medium to high alcohol

Question 39

Roussane

Answer 39

Late bud Low fertility (more difficult to grow than marsanne) Hazards, powdery, mildew, bunch, rot mites, sensitive to wind Pear, herbal medium plus acidity medium to high alcohol

Question 40

Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 40

Late bud/Early ripe - good in cool climates - vineyard management affects flavor Hazards Powdery, rot, esca, dead arm

Question 41

Alsace main grapes Bud/ripe Style

Answer 41

Question 42

Grape links

Answer 42

Question 43

White grapes added to Rhone -co-ferment

Answer 43

Question 44

Pinotage

Answer 44

Question 45

Tempranillo

Answer 45