Grapho phonemics 2 diagraphs 1

Question 1

Values of diagraphs
ai, ay, ey,
ee, ea, ey
igh,
oa,
ew,
oo,
ou, ow
au, aw
oi, oy

Answer 1

ai, ay, ey : eɪ → payed, faith, day
ee, ea, ey : i: → bee, bead, piece
igh : aɪ → sigh, thigh, high
oa : əʊ → boat, approach, load
ew : (j)u: → new, pew, chew
oo : u: → loot; pool, tool
ou, ow : aʊ → now, row, how
au, aw : ɔ: → awful, taught, clause
oi, oy : ɔɪ → boy, toy, anoint

Question 2

few irregular values

Answer 2

ee : i: → see, eel, teen, feel
oo : u: → soon, gloom, too, ooze

Question 3

Exceptions
ʊ

Answer 3

good, hood, stood, foot, wood, soot, room
(soot and room ok aussi avec regular variant)

Question 4

Exceptions ʌ

Answer 4

blood, flood

Question 5

Exceptions əʊ

Answer 5

brooch

Question 6

Exceptions oo+k

Answer 6

book, took, crook, shook, look, nook, partook, betook, overlook, cookie, cookery

Question 7

Exceptions u:

Answer 7

snooker, spook, spooky

Question 8

ai, ay ou ey

Answer 8

ai, ay ou ey → eɪ
aim, paid, pain, fail, quaint, maize, straight, cocaine, malaise, dainty, plaintive, acquaintance, pay, play, stay, gay, portrayal, obey, vein, they, rein, grey, outweigh, convey

BUT exceptions
i:→ quay = ˈkiː, key, conceit, deceit, receipt
ae→ plaid = ˈplæd
e→ said, says =ˈsɛd
aɪ→ aisle, Hawaiian
(Hawaii = /həˈwaɪi/ ou /həˈwa:i/ & eye, height, sleight, geyser

Question 9

ow

Answer 9

→ aʊ (most common value) : crown, cow, fowl, browse, owl, vow, avw, ndow, powder..

→ many words pronounced with əʊ

bow, bowl, sow, to, show, owe, own, below, slow, blow, throw, row, crow, flow, grow, knosn, glow, mow

EXCEPT : (ac)knowledge with ɒ

Question 10

<ou>
</ou>

Answer 10

<ou> → aʊ (most common valu) : foul, loud, pound, hound...

<ou+ lC> → əʊ : mouLD, shoulder, pouLTry, smoulder, bouLDer (ˈbəʊldər)

<ou + ble> ou <ou + ple> → ʌ : trouble, couple, double, couplet..

exceptions : rouble with u:
few words of french origin are pronounced with /u:/ : route, wound, group, soup, uncounth, acoustic, souvenir, boulevard
</ou>

Question 11

Moscow

Answer 11

ˈmɒskəʊ

Question 12

Homographs

Answer 12

same spelling but diff rnounciation

bow = un arc ˈbəʊ
bow = s’incliner ˈbaʊ

row = un rang ˈrəʊ
row = une dispute ˈraʊ

Question 13

Exceptions <ou></ou>

Answer 13

soul with əʊ
young, touch country, cousin, southern with ʌ

Question 14

Modals

Answer 14

could should would

forme réduite /ʊ/
forme réduite /ə/

→ ˈkʊd vs kəd
→ ˈʃʊd vs ʃʊd
→ ˈwʊd vs wəd

le <l> n'est pas pronconcé</l>

Question 15

Variations on <ei></ei>

Answer 15

pronounced /aɪ/ / in words of several syll that are not stressed on the last syll : deictic, seismic, kaleidoscope, either, neither

exceptions :
seizure /i:/
heinous, peignoir, geisha, obeisance, surveillance with /eɪ /
leisure with /e/

<ei> + C + final <e> is pronounced /i:/ → deceive, receive, perceive, seize..
</e></ei>

Question 16

ough

Answer 16

aʊ : bough, plough, slough, sough, chough
əʊ : dough, though, although, thorough
u: through, brougham
ʌf : rough, tough, clough, slough, enough
ʌp : hiccough
ɒf : /ɔ:f/ trough, cough
ɒk ou ɒx : lough
ə : borough, thorough

Question 17

ou + ght

Answer 17

ou + ght → ɔ:
brought, nought, caught, thought, wrought, sought..

Exceptions : drough, (sécheresse) doughty (vaillant) with aʊ

Question 18

<au> and <aw>
</aw></au>

Answer 18

<au> and <aw> → ɔ:
law; saw, fraud,, lawn, jaw, launch, cause, fraud , applaud, exhaust , nausea

(NB : AUstralia has variant with /ə/)

Exceptions :
/əʊ / : mauve, chauffeur, hautboy, sauté, aubergine, gauche, chauvinism / nist / nistic

gauge : eɪ
aunt, draught, laugh(ter) with aʊ
sauerkraut with /aʊə/
</aw></au>

Question 19

<ea>
</ea>

Answer 19

ea → /i:/ (main value)
sea, bead, heal, zeal, feature, traty, measles, impeach..

ea → /e/ (second value)
head, realm, zealous, heaven, pleasure, already..

Exceptions :
break great steak with /eɪ/
idea, chorea, Korea, panacea, theatre, real with /ɪə/

Question 20

<ea> pronounced
/i:/ or /e/ ? Irregular verbs
</ea>

Answer 20

deal, dream, lead, lean, leap, mean, read : /i:/

dealt, dreamt, lead, leant, leapt, meant, read : /e/

Question 21

<ea> pronounced
/i:/ or /e/ ?
</ea>

Answer 21

breathe, clean, pleasae, mead : /i:/

breath, cleanse, pleasure, pleasant, meadow : /e/