GRE 5 Flashcards

Question

heed

Answer 1

intransitive verb : to pay attention transitive verb : to give consideration or attention to : MIND *heed what he says* *heed the call* ``` : ATTENTION, NOTICE take heed (of sth) note sth carefully and act accordingly 听从: Take heed of your doctor's advice. 听医生的话吧. heedful / -fl; -,fʊl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) (fml 文) attentive 注意; 留心: You should be more heedful of advice. 你应该多听人劝. heedless adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) (fml 文) disregarding; inattentive不加注意; 不予理会: heedless of danger 忽视危险. heedlessly adv ```

Answer 2

: preponderant influence or authority over others : DOMINATION *battled for hegemony in Asia* 2 : the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group *extend their own hegemony over American culture as a whole ― Mary K. Cayton* –hegemonic \,he-jə-'mä-nik, ,he-gə-\ adjective

Answer 3

: hatefully or shockingly evil : ABOMINABLE a heinous crime, criminal 十恶不赦的罪行﹑ –heinously adverb –heinousness noun

Answer 4

1 : a piece of property that descends to the heir as an inseparable part of an inheritance of real property E: That clock is a family heirloom. 那个座钟是祖传下来的2 : something of special value handed on from one generation to another 3 : a horticultural variety that has survived for several generations usually due to the efforts of private individuals heirloom:ancestor＝bequest:testator祖先留下传家宝＝立遗嘱之人留下遗产"

Answer 5

1 often capitalized a : of or relating to the Gnostic writings or teachings arising in the first three centuries A.D. and attributed to Hermes Trismegistus b : relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness : RECONDITE 2 [from the belief that Hermes Trismegistus invented a magic seal to keep vessels airtight] a : AIRTIGHT *hermetic seal* the strange, hermetic world of the theatre b : impervious to external influence *trapped inside the hermetic military machine ― Jack Newfield* c : RECLUSE, SOLITARY *leads a hermetic life*

Answer 6

1 : a border of a cloth article doubled back and stitched down E: I took the hems of my dresses up to make them shorter. 我把我的连衣裙都改短了.2 : RIM, MARGIN *bright green hem of reeds about the ponds ― R. M. Lockley* 2hem 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: hemmed ; hemming Date: 14th century transitive verb 1 a : to finish with a hem b : BORDER, EDGE hem a skirt, handkerchief, etc 镶裙子﹑ 手帕等的边.2 : to surround in a restrictive manner : CONFINE ― usually used with in *hemmed in by enemy troops* be hemmed about by obstacles 被障碍物团团围住. hem sb in surround and restrict the movement of sb; confine sb 包围某人; 限制某人的行动; 约束某人: The enemy troops were hemming us in. 敌军把我们包围了. * (fig 比喻) He felt hemmed in by convention. 他感到受清规戒律的束缚.intransitive verb : to make a hem in sewing –hemmer noun 3hem 3 n. Pronunciation: 'hem Function: intransitive verb Inflected Form: hemmed ; hemming Date: 15th century 1 : to utter the sound represented by hem *hemmed and hawed before answering* 2 : EQUIVOCATE *the administration hemmed and hawed over the students' demands* 4hem 4 n. Pronunciation: usu read as 'hem Function: interjection Etymology: imitative ― often used to indicate a vocalized pause in speaking hem- 5 n. Variant: or hemo- Function: combining form Etymology: Latin haem-, haemo-, from Greek haim-, haimo-, from haima : blood *hemagglutination* *hemoflagellate*

Answer 7

: a sex-linked hereditary blood defect that occurs almost exclusively in males and is characterized by delayed clotting of the blood and consequent difficulty in controlling hemorrhage even after minor injuries

Answer 8

1 : a copious discharge of blood from the blood vessels 2 : a rapid and uncontrollable loss or outflow *a financial hemorrhage* –hemorrhagic \,he-mə-'ra-jik\

Answer 9

: HEMOSTATIC especially : an instrument for compressing a bleeding vessel

Answer 10

1 a : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an herb b of a stem : having little or no woody tissue and persisting usually for a single growing season 2 : having the texture, color, or appearance of a leaf

Answer 11

``` 1herd 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hərd Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English heord; akin to Old High German herta herd, Middle Welsh cordd troop, Lithuanian kerdžius shepherd Date: before 12th century 1 a : a number of animals of one kind kept together under human control b : a congregation of gregarious wild animals E: a herd of cows, deer, elephant(s), etc 一群牛﹑ 鹿﹑ 象等.2 a (1) : a group of people usually having a common bond *a herd of tourists* (2) : a large assemblage of like things b : the undistinguished masses : CROWD *isolate the individual prophets from the herd ― Norman Cousins* the common herd 普通民众 * He preferred to stick with the herd (ie do the same as everyone around him) so as not to be noticed. 他愿随大溜以免引人注目. –herdlike \-,līk\ adjective 2herd 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: 13th century 1 a : to gather, lead, or drive as if in a herd *herded the children into the car* b : to keep or move (animals) together E: The prisoners were herded (together) onto the train. 一群囚犯被驱赶着押送上了火车. a shepherd herding his flock 正在放牧的牧羊人.2 : to place in a group intransitive verb 1 : to assemble or move in a herd 2 : to place oneself in a group : ASSOCIATE ride herd on to keep a check on : SUPERVISE ```

Answer 12

n [C] belief or opinion that is contrary to what is generally accepted, esp in religion异端（尤指宗教方面的）: the heresies of the early Protestants早期新教徒的异端邪说. [U] holding of such an opinion 持异端邪说: be guilty of heresy 犯有异端罪. > heretic / ˈherətɪk; ˋhɛrətɪk/ n person who is guilty of heresy or who supports a heresy 犯异端罪者; 持异端观点者. heretical / hɪˈretɪkl; həˋrɛtɪkl/ adj of heresy or heretics 异端的; 持异端观点者的: heretical beliefs 异端观点. heretically adv.

Answer 13

1 a : one that retires from society and lives in solitude especially for religious reasons : RECLUSE b obsolete : BEADSMAN 2 : a spiced molasses cookie –hermitism \'hər-mə-,ti-zəm\ noun hermitage / -ɪdʒ; -ɪdʒ/ n place where a hermit or a group of hermits lives 隐居处; 修道院.

Answer 14

: a branch of zoology dealing with reptiles and amphibians –herpetological \-tə-'lä-ji-kəl\ adjective –herpetologist \,hər-pə-'tä-lə-jist\ noun

Answer 15

transitive verb 1 : to cut with blows of a heavy cutting instrument EX hewing wood 劈木 * He hewed his enemy to pieces. 他将敌人劈成数段.2 : to fell by blows of an ax *hew a tree* 3 : to give form or shape to with or as if with heavy cutting blows *hewed their farms from the wilderness ― J. T. Shotwell* roughly hewn timber 粗劈的木材.intransitive verb 1 : to make cutting blows E: He was hewing away at the trunk of the tree. 他不停地照着树干砍去. hew sth across, through, etc (sth) make sth by chopping 开辟某物: They hewed a path through the jungle. 他们在丛林中开辟出一条路. hew sth away, off, etc remove sth by chopping 砍掉某物: hew off dead branches 砍去枯枝. hew sth out make sth by hard work 努力做成某事物: hew out a career for oneself 奋力开创一番事业.2 : CONFORM, ADHERE *hew to tradition* ― often used in the phrase hew to the line *no pressure⋯on newspapers to hew to the official line ― N.Y. Times Mag.* –hewer noun

Answer 16

: a polygon of six angles and six sides | hexapod（n 昆虫；adj 六脚的）

Answer 17

1 a : a break in or as if in a material object : GAP *the hiatus between the theory and the practice of the party ― J. G. Colton* b : a gap or passage in an anatomical part or organ 2 a : an interruption in time or continuity : BREAK especially : a period when something (as a program or activity) is suspended or interrupted *after a 5-year hiatus from writing* b : the occurrence of two vowel sounds without pause or intervening consonantal sound

Answer 18

1 : to pass the winter in a torpid or resting state 2 : to be or become inactive or dormant –hibernation \,hī-bər-'nā-shən\ noun –hibernator \'hī-bər-,nā-tər\ noun

Answer 19

1 of a domestic animal : having a dry skin lacking in pliancy and adhering closely to the underlying flesh 2 : having an inflexible or ultraconservative character hidebound views, bureaucrats 守旧的观点﹑ 官僚 * a society hidebound by convention 墨守成规的社会.

Answer 20

1 : offensive to the senses and especially to sight : exceedingly ugly 2 : morally offensive : SHOCKING a hideous crime, face, noise, creature 邪恶的罪行﹑ 丑陋的面孔﹑ 吓人的声音﹑ 可怕的怪物 * (infml 口) I think the colour scheme they've chosen is hideous. 我觉得他们选用的颜色配合起来难看极了 –hideosity \ˌhi-dē-'ä-sə-tē\ noun –hideously adverb –hideousness nounhasty

Answer 21

: physical comeliness –pulchritudinous \ˌpəl-krə-'tüd-nəs, -'tyüd-; -'tü-dən-əs, -'tyü-\ adjective

Answer 22

intransitive verb : to go quickly : HASTEN transitive verb : to cause (oneself) to go quickly He hied himself to the post office 他赶紧去邮局。

Answer 23

1 : a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing 2 : something that resembles a hieroglyph hieroglyphic / ,haɪərə`glɪfɪk; ,haɪərəˋɡlɪfɪk/ adj of or written in hieroglyphs （用）象形文字（写成）的; （用）秘密的书写符号（写成）的.hieroglyphics n [pl] hieroglyphs 象形文字: decipheringEgyptian hieroglyphics 译解古埃及的象形文字 * His writing is so bad it just looks like hieroglyphics to me. 他写的糟透了, 对我来说就像天书一样.

Answer 24

: a person who possesses or has pretensions to superior learning or culture –highbrow adjective highbrow drama, books,interests 格调高雅的戏剧﹑ 书籍﹑ 兴趣. Cf 参看 –highbrowed \-ˌbrau̇d\ adjective –highbrowism \-ˌbrau̇-ˌi-zəm\ noun middlebrow（n 学识平凡的人）；lowbrow（n 教养浅薄的人）"

Answer 25

``` 1hike 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hīk Function: verb Inflected Form: hiked ; hiking Etymology: perhaps akin to 1hitch Date: 1809 intransitive verb 1 a : to go on a hike b : to travel by any means 2 : to rise up especially : to work upward out of place *skirt had hiked up in back* transitive verb 1 a : to move, pull, or raise with a sudden motion *hiked himself onto the top bunk* b : SNAP 6B c : to raise in amount sharply or suddenly *hike rents* hike(up) an insurance claim 提高保险索赔金额2 : to take on a hike 3 : to traverse on a hike *hike a trail* –hiker noun 2hike 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1865 1 : a long walk especially for pleasure or exercise 2 : an increase especially in quantity or amount *a new wage hike* The union demands a 7% wage hike. 工会要求提高工资7%.3 : SNAP 11 ```

Answer 26

1hinge 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hinj Function: noun Etymology: Middle English heng; akin to Middle Dutch henge hook, Old English hangian to hang Date: 14th century 1 a : a jointed or flexible device on which a door, lid, or other swinging part turns b : a flexible ligamentous joint c : a small piece of thin gummed paper used in fastening a postage stamp in an album E: take the door off its hinges and rehang it 把门从铰链上卸下重装 * The gate hinges need oiling they're squeaking. 大门的铰链吱吱响--该上油了.2 : a determining factor : TURNING POINThinge 1a 2hinge 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: hinged ; hinging Date: 1719 intransitive verb : to be contingent on a single consideration or point ― used with on or upon *the prosecution's case hinges on the DNA evidence* Everything hinges on the outcome of these talks. 一切均将取决於这些会谈的结果.transitive verb : to attach by or furnish with hinges The rear door hinges/is hinged at the top so that it opens upwards. 後面的门是在顶部铰接上的, 以便可以向上开.

Answer 27

1 : HAIRY 1 2 : covered with coarse stiff hairs *a hirsute leaf* You're looking very hirsute, Richard are you growing a beard? 理查德, 瞧你一脸的胡子--是不是在留胡子了? –hirsuteness noun

Answer 28

intransitive verb : to make a sharp sibilant sound *the crowd hissed in disapproval* *hissing steam* The steam escaped with a loud hissing noise. 蒸汽发出很大的嘶嘶声冒了出来. * A fire hisses if water is thrown on it. 把水浇到火上, 火就发出嘶嘶声. * The goose hissed at me angrily. 那鹅愤怒地向我发出嘶嘶声.transitive verb 1 : to express disapproval of by hissing *hissed the performers off the stage* The politician was hissed off (the platform). 人们用嘘声把那政客轰下了台.2 : to utter or whisper angrily or threateningly and with a hiss –hiss noun The crowd greeted the performers with boos and hisses. 观众向演出者发出一片嘘声. –hisser noun

Answer 29

1sibilant 1 n. Pronunciation: 'si-bə-lənt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin sibilant-, sibilans, present participle of sibilare to hiss, whistle, of imitative origin Date: 1669 : having, containing, or producing the sound of or a sound resembling that of the s or the sh in sash *a sibilant affricate* *a sibilant snake* –sibilantly adverb 2sibilant 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1788 : a sibilant speech sound (as English \s\, \z\, \sh\, \zh\, \ch(=tsh)\, or \j(=dzh)\)

Answer 30

1 : a branch of anatomy that deals with the minute structure of animal and plant tissues as discernible with the microscope 2 : tissue structure or organization –histological \ˌhis-tə-'lä-ji-kəl\ or histologic \-'lä-jik\ adjective –histologically \-ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Answer 31

1 : deliberately affected : THEATRICAL histrionic behaviour 装腔作势.2 : of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater E: her histrionic talents 她的表演天才.synonyms see DRAMATIC –histrionically \-ni-k(ə-)lē\ adverb histrionics n [pl] (usu derog 通常作贬义) theatrical manners or behaviour, esp when exaggerated in order to impress others 装腔作势的态度或举止（尤指为表现自己）: indulge in histrionics 一味装腔作势.

Answer 32

1hive 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hīv Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hȳf; perhaps akin to Old Norse hūfr ship's hull, Latin cūpa tub, Sanskrit kūpa cave Date: before 12th century 1 a : a container for housing honeybees b : the usually aboveground nest of bees 2 : a colony of bees 3 : a place swarming with activity E: a hive of activity/industry 喧闹的活动场所[繁忙的工业区]. –hiveless \-ləs\ adjective 2hive 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: hived ; hiving Date: 14th century intransitive verb 1 of bees : to enter and take possession of a hive 2 : to reside in close association transitive verb 1 : to collect into a hive E: hive a swarm 把一群蜜蜂引入蜂箱.2 : to store up in or as if in a hive hive off Function: intransitive verb Date: circa 1856 chiefly British : to break away from or as if from a group : become separate transitive verb chiefly British : to make separate: as a : to remove from a group *hive off the rookies for special training* b : to assign (as assets or responsibilities) to another c : SPIN OFFhive off parts of a nationalized industry to private ownership 将部分国营工业私有化. tumultuous:bedlam＝active:hive喧嚣之地是喧嚣的＝喧闹繁忙的场所是活跃的

Answer 33

1hoard 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hȯrd Function: noun Etymology: Middle English hord, from Old English; akin to Gothic huzd treasure, Old English hȳdan to hide Date: before 12th century : a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away a miser's hoard 守财奴储藏的财宝 * a squirrel's hoard of nuts 松鼠储藏的坚果. 2hoard 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: before 12th century 1 : to lay up a hoard of E: People found hoarding (food) during the famine were punished. 在饥荒时期屯积（食物）的人受到了惩罚. * hoard up treasure 储藏财宝.2 : to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself intransitive verb : to lay up a hoard –hoarder noun I'm a terrible hoarder of junk. I hate throwing things away hoarding n. Pronunciation: 'hȯr-diŋ Function: noun Etymology: hourd, hoard hoarding Date: circa 1823 1 : a temporary board fence put about a building being erected or repaired ― called also hoard 2 British : BILLBOARD

Answer 34

: a heterogeneous mixture : JUMBLE *a hodgepodge of styles* | hodgepodge:uniform＝cliché:original大杂烩不是一致的＝陈词滥调不是创新的items:hodgepodge＝people:rabble各种物品形成大杂烩＝各种人形成乌合之众

Answer 35

``` 1hoe 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hō Function: noun Etymology: Middle English howe, from Anglo-French houe, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German houwa mattock, houwan to hew ― more at HEW Date: 14th century 1 : any of various implements for tilling, mixing, or raking especially : an implement with a thin flat blade on a long handle used especially for cultivating, weeding, or loosening the earth around plants 2 : BACKHOE 2hoe 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: hoed ; hoeing Date: 15th century intransitive verb : to use or work with a hoe transitive verb 1 : to weed, cultivate, or thin (a crop) with a hoe 2 : to remove (weeds) by hoeing 3 : to dress or cultivate (land) by hoeing –hoer \'hō(-ə)r\ noun ```

Answer 36

1hoist 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hȯist, chiefly dial 'hīst Function: verb Etymology: Alteration of hoise Date: 15th century transitive verb 1 : LIFT, RAISE especially : to raise into position by or as if by means of tackle E: hoist a flag, the sails 升旗﹑ 帆 * hoisting crates aboard ship 将板条箱吊上船 * hoist in the boats, ie raise them from the water up to the deck 将小船从水面吊至甲板上 * The fireman hoisted the boy (up) onto his shoulders. 消防队员把那男孩举到自己的双肩上.2 : DRINK 1 *hoist a few beers* intransitive verb : to become hoisted : RISE synonyms see LIFT –hoister noun 2hoist 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1654 1 : an act of hoisting : LIFT 2 : an apparatus for hoisting 3 : the height of a flag when viewed flying

Answer 37

: HOIST 1 –hoist with one's own petard or hoist by one's own petard : victimized or hurt by one's own scheme hoist with one's own petard or hoist by one's own petard : victimized or hurt by one's own scheme cut off one's nose to spite one's face (infml 口) hurt oneself in trying to take revenge on sb else 想报复别人而害了自己: If you refuse her help because you're angry with her, you're cutting off your nose to spite your face. 你要是因为跟她赌气而拒绝她的帮助, 那你是自讨苦吃

Answer 38

: a leather or fabric case for carrying a firearm on the person (as on the hip or chest), on a saddle, or in a vehicle broadly : a case for carrying a usually small item on the person *a knife holster* *a heart monitor carried in a hip holster*

Answer 39

1 a : a feudal ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord b : the relationship between a feudal lord and his vassal c : an act done or payment made in meeting the obligations of vassalage 2 a : expression of high regard : RESPECT ― often used with pay b : something that shows respect or attests to the worth or influence of another : TRIBUTE *his long life filled with international homages to his unique musical talent ― People* They stood in silent homage round her grave. 他们站立在她的墓的周围向她默哀. * Many came to do the dead man homage. 很多人前来向死者致哀. * We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare. 我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰.

Answer 40

: a relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group –homeostatic \-'sta-tik\ adjective

Answer 41

n 讲道术；布道术【记】源于homily（n 讲解《圣经》的布道），etics学术－布道术home家，let让，ics：布道术就是让你一家一家的去讲圣经。【类】sermon:homiletics＝argument:logic布道术学布道＝逻辑学学辩论"

Answer 42

1 : the quality or state of being homogeneous 2 : the state of having identical cumulative distribution function or values *homogeneity of variances*

Answer 43

transitive verb 1 a : to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture b : to make homogeneous 2 a : to reduce to small particles of uniform size and distribute evenly usually in a liquid b : to reduce the particles of so that they are uniformly small and evenly distributed specifically : to break up the fat globules of (milk) into very fine particles intransitive verb : to become homogenized –homogenizer noun

Answer 44

``` 1hone 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hōn Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hān stone; akin to Old Norse hein whetstone, Latin cot-, cos, Sanskrit śiśāti he whets Date: 14th century : WHETSTONE 2hone 2 n. Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: honed ; honing Date: 1798 1 : to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone 2 : to make more acute, intense, or effective : WHET *helped her hone her comic timing ― Patricia Bosworth* He set about honing his skills as a draughtsman.finely honed (=extremely well-developed) intuition His body was honed to perfection. ◆ She honed her debating skills at college. ◆ It was a finely honed piece of writing. –honer noun 3hone 3 n. Function: intransitive verb Inflected Form: honed ; honing Etymology: Middle French hoigner to grumble Date: 1600 1 dialect : YEARN ― often used with for or after 2 dialect : GRUMBLE, MOAN ```

Answer 45

: a payment for a service (as making a speech) on which custom or propriety forbids a price to be set amenity:comfortable＝honorarium:grateful舒适宜人表示舒服的＝酬金表示感谢的"

Answer 46

1 archaic : BLINDFOLD 2 obsolete : HIDE 3 : to deceive by false appearance : DUPE

Answer 47

1hoop 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hüp also 'hu̇p Function: noun Usage: often attrib Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hōp; akin to Middle Dutch hoep ring, hoop Date: 12th century 1 : a circular strip used especially for holding together the staves of containers or as a plaything 2 a : a circular figure or object : RING b : the rim of a basketball goal broadly : the entire goal 3 : a circle or series of circles of flexible material used to expand a woman's skirt 4 : BASKETBALL ― usually used in plural put sb/go through the `hoops make sb/be made to endure a test or an ordeal 使某人经受考验或磨链. –hooplike \-ˌlīk\ adjective 2hoop 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: 15th century : to bind or fasten with or as if with a hoop –hooper noun

Answer 48

horn 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hȯrn Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German horn, Latin cornu, Greek keras Date: before 12th century 1 a : one of the usually paired bony processes that arise from the head of many ungulates and that are found in some extinct mammals and reptiles: as (1) : one of the permanent paired hollow sheaths of keratin usually present in both sexes of cattle and their relatives that function chiefly for defense and arise from a bony core anchored to the skull ― see COW illustration (2) : ANTLER (3) : a permanent solid horn of keratin that is attached to the nasal bone of a rhinoceros (4) : one of a pair of permanent bone protuberances from the skull of a giraffe or okapi that are covered with hairy skin b : a part like an animal's horn attributed especially to the devil c : a natural projection or excrescence from an animal resembling or suggestive of a horn d (1) : the tough fibrous material consisting chiefly of keratin that covers or forms the horns of cattle and related animals, hooves, or other horny parts (as claws or nails) (2) : a manufactured product (as a plastic) resembling horn e : a hollow horn used to hold something 2 : something resembling or suggestive of a horn: as a : one of the curved ends of a crescent b : a sharp mountain peak c : a body of land or water shaped like a horn d : a beak-shaped part of an anvil e : a high pommel of a saddle f : CORNU 3 a : an animal's horn used as a wind instrument b : a brass wind instrument: as (1) : HUNTING HORN (2) : FRENCH HORN c : a wind instrument used in a jazz band especially : TRUMPET d : a usually electrical device that makes a noise like that of a horn 4 : a source of strength 5 : one of the equally disadvantageous alternatives presented by a dilemma on the horns of a di`lemma faced with a choice betwen things that are equally undesirable 进退维谷.6 slang : TELEPHONE draw in one's `horns become defensive or cautious, esp about one's finances 采取守势; 谨慎; （尤指）减缩开支: You'll have to draw your horns in, ie spend less money. 你得紧缩开支了. take the bull by the `horns face a difficulty or danger boldly 勇敢地面对困难或危险. –horn adjective –horned \'hȯrnd also 'hȯr-nəd\ adjective –hornedness \'hȯr-nəd-nəs, 'hȯrn(d)-nəs\ noun –hornless \'hȯrn-ləs\ adjective –hornlessness noun

Answer 49

: giving exhortation : ADVISORY –hortatively adverb | hortative:encourage＝exculpatory:absolve激励的为了鼓励＝辩明无罪的为了赦免"

Answer 50

: the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants –horticultural \ˌhȯr-tə-'kəl-chə-rəl\ adjective –horticulturally \-rə-lē\ adverb –horticulturist \-rist\ also horticulturalist \-ch(ə-)rə-list\ noun

Answer 51

1 a : given to generous and cordial reception of guests b : promising or suggesting generous and cordial welcome c : offering a pleasant or sustaining environment 2 : readily receptive : OPEN *hospitable to new ideas* –hospitably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 52

1 : an open shed or shelter 2 : TABERNACLE 3 : a small, wretched, and often dirty house : HUT

Answer 53

1 : the central part of a circular object (as a wheel or propeller) 2 a : a center of activity : FOCAL POINTa hub of industry, commerce, etc 工业﹑ 商业等中心 * He thinks that Boston is the hub of the universe. 他认为波士顿是世界的中心. b : an airport or city through which an airline routes most of its traffic c : a central device that connects multiple computers on a single network 3 : a steel punch from which a working die for a coin or medal is made

Answer 54

: exaggerated pride or self-confidence –hubristic \hyü-'bris-tik\ adjective

Answer 55

1huckster 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hək-stər Function: noun Etymology: Middle English hukster, from Middle Dutch hokester, from hoeken to peddle Date: 13th century 1 : HAWKER, PEDDLER 2 : one who produces promotional material for commercial clients especially for radio or television –hucksterism \-stə-ˌri-zəm\ noun 2huckster 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: huckstered ; huckstering \-st(ə-)riŋ\ Date: 1592 intransitive verb : HAGGLE

Answer 56

1 : COMPLEXION, ASPECT *political parties of every hue ― Louis Wasserman* 2 a : COLOR b : gradation of color c : the attribute of colors that permits them to be classed as red, yellow, green, blue, or an intermediate between any contiguous pair of these colors ― compare BRIGHTNESS 2 LIGHTNESS 2 SATURATION 4

Answer 57

1hulk 1 n. Pronunciation: 'həlk Function: noun Etymology: Middle English hulke, from Old English hulc, probably from Medieval Latin holcas, from Greek holkas, from helkein to pull ― more at SULCUS Date: before 12th century 1 a : a heavy clumsy ship b (1) : the body of an old ship unfit for service (2) : a ship used as a prison ― usually used in plural *every prisoner sent to the hulks ― Kenneth Roberts* c : an abandoned wreck or shell (as of a building or automobile) 2 : one that is bulky or unwieldy 2hulk 2 n. Function: intransitive verb Date: circa 1825 1 dialect English : to move ponderously 2 : to appear impressively large or massive : LOOM *factories hulked along the river* hulking adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (of a person or thing) very big or heavy and usu awkward or clumsy （指人或物）很大的, 很重的, （通常指）很笨拙的: a hulking great brute of a man 彪形蠢汉.

Answer 58

1hull 1 n. Pronunciation: 'həl Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hulu; akin to Old High German hala hull, Old English helan to conceal ― more at HELL Date: before 12th century 1 a : the outer covering of a fruit or seed b : the persistent calyx or involucre that subtends some fruits (as a strawberry) 2 a : the frame or body of a ship or boat exclusive of masts, yards, sails, and rigging b : the main body of a usually large or heavy craft or vehicle (as an airship or tank) 3 : COVERING, CASING –hull-less \'həl-ləs\ adjective 2hull 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: 14th century : to remove the hulls of : SHUCK –huller noun carapace:turtle＝hull:seed＝membrane:cell乌龟有甲壳＝种子有外壳＝细胞有薄膜"

Answer 59

1 : to soothe or content by indulgence E: It's always best to humour him when he's in one of his bad moods. 他心境不好的时候, 最好还是迁就他.2 : to adapt oneself to synonyms see INDULGE

Answer 60

transitive verb 1 : JOSTLE, SHOVE 2 : to thrust or bend over into a humped or crooked position E: Stand straight, don't hunch your shoulders! 站直了, 别耸肩! * She sat all hunched up over the small fire. 她蜷起身子坐在小火炉前.intransitive verb 1 : to thrust oneself forward 2 a : to assume a bent or crooked posture b : to draw oneself into a ball : curl up c : HUDDLE, SQUAT `hunchback (also `humpback) n rounded part on a person's back where there is an abnormal curvature of the spine; hump （人的）驼背. person with such a deformity 驼背的人; 驼子. `hunchbacked (also `humpbacked) adj having such a hump on the back 驼背的. 2hunch 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1630 1 : an act or instance of hunching : PUSH 2 a : a thick piece : LUMP b : HUMP 3 : a strong intuitive feeling concerning especially a future event or result He had a hunch that she was lying. 他凭直觉认为她说的是谎话. * play/follow one's hunch, ie act according to one's intuition 凭直觉行事.

Answer 61

1hurdle 1 n. Pronunciation: 'hər-dəl Function: noun Etymology: Middle English hurdel, from Old English hyrdel; akin to Old High German hurt hurdle, Latin cratis wickerwork, hurdle Date: before 12th century 1 a : a portable panel usually of wattled withes and stakes used especially for enclosing land or livestock b : a frame or sled formerly used in England for dragging traitors to execution 2 a : an artificial barrier over which racers must leap b plural : any of various track events in which a series of hurdles must be surmounted 3 : BARRIER, OBSTACLE I've passed the written test; the interview is the next hurdle. 我书面考试已经及格了, 下一个难关是面试. 2hurdle 2 n. Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: hurdled ; hurdling \'hərd-liŋ, 'hər-dəl-iŋ\ Date: 1896 1 : to leap over especially while running (as in a sporting competition) He hurdled two barriers to avoid reporters2 : OVERCOME, SURMOUNT –hurdler \'hərd-lər, 'hər-dəl-ər\ noun

Answer 62

hurl v. Pronunciation: 'hər(-ə)l Function: verb Inflected Form: hurled ; hurling \'hər-liŋ\ Etymology: Middle English Date: 13th century intransitive verb 1 : RUSH, HURTLE 2 : PITCH 5A B 3 : VOMIT transitive verb 1 : to send or thrust with great vigor *the forces that were to be hurled against the Turks ― N. T. Gilroy* 2 : to throw down with violence 3 a : to throw forcefully : FLING *hurled the manuscript into the fire* *hurled myself over the fence* b : PITCH 2A rioters hurling stones at the police 向警察扔石子的暴徒 * He hurled himself into his work. 他完全扑在工作上. * She was hurled to her death. 她被人砸死了.4 : to utter with vehemence *hurled insults at the police* synonyms see THROW –hurl noun –hurler \'hər-lər\ noun scowl:displeasure＝kiss:affection＝hurl:disgust皱眉表示不高兴＝接吻表示爱情＝愤慨地说表示厌烦exhortation:encourage＝hurl:insult劝告是一种鼓励＝愤慨地说是一种侮辱"

Answer 63

``` 1husband 1 n. Pronunciation: 'həz-bənd Function: noun Etymology: Middle English husbonde, from Old English hūsbonda master of a house, from Old Norse hūsbōndi, from hūs house + bōndi householder; akin to Old Norse būa to inhabit; akin to Old English būan to dwell ― more at BOWER Date: 13th century 1 : a male partner in a marriage 2 British : MANAGER, STEWARD 3 : a frugal manager –husbandly adjective 2husband 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: 15th century 1 a : to manage prudently and economically b : to use sparingly : CONSERVE husband one's strength, resources 节省体力﹑ 资源.2 archaic : to find a husband for : MATE –husbander noun husbandry n. Pronunciation: 'həz-bən-drē Function: noun Date: 14th century 1 archaic : the care of a household 2 : the control or judicious use of resources : CONSERVATION 3 a : the cultivation or production of plants or animals : AGRICULTURE animal husbandry 畜牧业.b : the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals E: Through careful husbandry we survived the hard winter. 通过精打细算, 我们终於熬过了严冬. ```

Answer 64

1hush 1 n. Pronunciation: 'həsh Function: verb Etymology: back-formation from husht hushed, from Middle English hussht, from huissht, interjection used to enjoin silence Date: 1546 transitive verb 1 : CALM, QUIET *hushed the children as they entered the library* 2 : to put at rest : MOLLIFY 3 : to keep from public knowledge : SUPPRESS *hush the story up* The government hushed the affair up to avoid a public outcry. 当局对此事秘而不宣, 以免引起公众抗议.intransitive verb : to become quiet 2hush 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 1602 1 archaic : SILENT, STILL 2 : intended to prevent the dissemination of certain information *hush money* 3hush 3 n. Function: noun Date: 1650 : a silence or calm especially following noise : QUIET in the hush of the night 在夜的寂静中 * There was a sudden deathly hush. 突然间周围像死一般寂静 hush-`hush adj (infml 口) very secret or confidential 非常秘密的; 机密的: a hush-hush affair 秘事 * His job is very hush-hush. 他的工作是很保密的.`hush-money n [U] money paid to prevent sth scandalous from becoming known publicly 封口钱, 遮羞费（为防止丑事张扬的贿赂）.

Answer 65

1husk 1 n. Pronunciation: 'həsk Function: noun Etymology: Middle English Date: 14th century 1 a : a usually dry or membranous outer covering (as a pod or one composed of bracts) of various seeds and fruits (as barley and corn) : HULL also : one of the constituent parts b : a carob pod 2 a : an outer layer : SHELL b : an emptied shell : REMNANT c : a supporting framework His drug addiction had turned him into a husk of his former self. 2husk 2 n. Function: transitive verb Date: 1562 : to strip the husk from –husker noun husky 1 / `hʌskɪ; ˋhʌskɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (of a person or voice) dry in the throat; sounding slightly hoarse （指人或嗓音）喉咙发乾的, 沙哑的: I'm still a bit husky after my recent cold. 我最近患过感冒, 声音还有些哑. (infml 口) (of a person) big and strong （指人）高大强壮的; 魁梧的. * huskily adv: speak huskily 以嘶哑的声音说. huskiness n [U]. husky 2 / `hʌskɪ; ˋhʌskɪ/ n strong breed of dog with a thick coat, used in the Arctic for pulling sledges 爱斯基摩狗（强壮的厚毛狗, 在北极地区用来拖曳雪橇）. aerate:oxygen＝hydrate:water 充气需要氧气＝水化需要水

Answer 66

1hymn 1 n. Pronunciation: 'him Function: noun Etymology: Middle English ymne, from Old English ymen, from Latin hymnus song of praise, from Greek hymnos Date: before 12th century 1 a : a song of praise to God b : a metrical composition adapted for singing in a religious service 2 : a song of praise or joy 3 : something resembling a hymn : PAEAN Their first single was a hymn to selfishness called 'Looking After Number One' –hymnlike \-ˌlīk\ adjective 2hymn 2 n. Function: verb Inflected Form: hymned \'himd\ ; hymning \'hi-miŋ\ Date: 1667 transitive verb : to praise or worship in or as if in hymns *the heroes hymned in this book* intransitive verb : to sing a hymn

Answer 67

: the state or condition of being excessively or pathologically active especially : ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER

Answer 68

: extravagant exaggeration (as “mile-high ice-cream cones”) –hyperbolist \-list\ noun

Answer 69

1hypnotic 1 adj. Pronunciation: hip-'nä-tik Function: adjective Etymology: French or Late Latin; French hypnotique, from Late Latin hypnoticus, from Greek hypnōtikos, from hypnoun to put to sleep, from hypnos Date: 1625 1 : tending to produce sleep : SOPORIFIC 2 a : of or relating to hypnosis or hypnotism b : readily holding the attention *a hypnotic personality* *a simple hypnotic beat* –hypnotically \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Answer 70

1 : the side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite the right angle 2 : the length of a hypotenuse

Answer 71

mean a formula derived by inference from scientific data that explains a principle operating in nature. HYPOTHESIS implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation *a hypothesis explaining the extinction of the dinosaurs*. THEORY implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth *the theory of evolution*. LAW implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions *the law of gravitation*. claim:legitimated＝hypothesis:confirmed声称的权利没有被合法化＝假设没有被证实"

Answer 72

1 : a psychoneurosis marked by emotional excitability and disturbances of the psychic, sensory, vasomotor, and visceral functions 2 : behavior exhibiting overwhelming or unmanageable fear or emotional excess *political hysteria* hysterical / hɪ`sterɪkl; hɪsˋtɛrɪkl/ adj caused by hysteria 因患歇斯底里而引起的: hysterical laughter, weeping, screaming, etc 歇斯底里的大笑﹑ 大哭﹑ 大叫等 * hysterical behaviour 歇斯底里的表现. suffering from hysteria 患歇斯底里的: hysterical fans at a rock concert 摇滚音乐会的狂热听众. (infml 口) very amusing 极可笑的; 极有趣的. hysterically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: laughing hysterically 狂笑 * (infml 口) It was hysterically funny. 这太可笑了.hysterics / hɪ`sterɪks; hɪsˋtɛrɪks/ n [pl] 1 fit of hysteria 歇斯底里的发作: go into hysterics 歇斯底里发作 * (infml 口) Your mother would have hysterics (ie be very angry and upset) if she knew you were using her car. 你母亲要是知道你用了她的汽车, 一定大发雷霆. 2 (infml 口) wild uncontrolled laughter 无法控制的狂笑: She had the audience in hysterics. 她把观众逗得捧腹大笑.

Answer 73

1 : a person who destroys religious images or opposes their veneration 2 : a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions –iconoclastic \(ˌ)ī-ˌkä-nə-'klas-tik\ adjective –iconoclastically \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Answer 74

1 : a worshiper of idols 2 : a person that admires intensely and often blindly one that is not usually a subject of worship idolatrous / aɪ`dɔlətrəs; aɪˋdɑlətrəs/ adj (a) worshipping idols 崇拜偶像的. (b) of or like the worship of idols （似）偶像崇拜的: an idolatrous love of material wealth 对物质财富极度的爱慕. idolatrously / -lɪ; -lɪ/ adv.idolatry / aɪ`dɔlətrɪ; aɪˋdɑlətrɪ/ n [U] (a) worship of idols 偶像崇拜. (b) too much devotion or admiration 盲目崇拜: He supports his local team with a fervour that borders on idolatry. 他是本地队的球迷, 狂热得到了近乎盲目崇拜的程度了.

Answer 75

1 a : a simple descriptive work in poetry or prose that deals with rustic life or pastoral scenes or suggests a mood of peace and contentment b : a narrative poem (as Tennyson's Idylls of the King) treating an epic, romantic, or tragic theme 2 a : a lighthearted carefree episode that is a fit subject for an idyll b : a romantic interlude idyllic / ɪ`dɪlɪk; US aɪ`d-; aɪˋdɪlɪk/ adj like an idyll; peaceful and pleasant 田园诗般的; 田园风光的; 平和欢畅的: an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage 田园风光的环境﹑ 恬静愉快的假日﹑ 和谐美满的婚姻. idyllically/-klI; -klI/ adv: idyllically happy 悠然自得. idyll:carefree＝ordeal:difficult田园生活是无忧无虑的＝磨难是困难的

Answer 76

1 : of, relating to, or resembling fire : FIERY 2 a : relating to, resulting from, or suggestive of the intrusion or extrusion of magma or volcanic activity b : formed by solidification of magma *igneous rock*

Answer 77

1 : of low birth or common origin : PLEBEIAN 2 : characterized by baseness, lowness, or meanness synonyms see MEAN –ignobility \ˌig-nō-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ignobleness \ig-'nō-bəl-nəs\ noun –ignobly \-blē also -bə-lē\ adverb

Answer 78

1 : a member of the Roman plebs 2 : one of the common people –plebeianism \-ə-ˌni-zəm\ noun

Answer 79

: not permitted : UNLAWFUL the illicit sale of drugs 毒品的非法贩卖. an illicit relationship不正当的关系. –illicitly adverb

Answer 80

1 capitalized : any of various groups claiming special religious enlightenment 2 : persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened 3 : ELITE 1D *members of the academic illuminati*

Answer 81

: based on or producing illusion : DECEPTIVE *illusory hopes*

Answer 82

1 : a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius 2 : something resembling a maelstrom in turbulence the maelstrom of war 大战乱 * She was drawn into a maelstrom of revolutionary events. 她被卷入革命事件的洪流中.

Answer 83

transitive verb 1 archaic : SOAK, STEEP 2 a : to receive into the mind and retain *imbibe moral principles* b : to assimilate or take into solution E: imbibe fresh air, knowledge 吸入新鲜空气﹑ 接受知识.3 a : DRINK Are you imbibing? 你正在喝酒吗? b : to take in or up *a sponge imbibes moisture* intransitive verb 1 : DRINK 2 2 a : to take in liquid b : to absorb or assimilate moisture, gas, light, or heat –imbiber noun

Answer 84

1 : a confused mass 2 a : an intricate or complicated situation (as in a drama or novel) b : an acutely painful or embarrassing misunderstanding c : a violently confused or bitterly complicated altercation : EMBROILMENT d : SCANDAL 3A *survived the political imbroglio*

Answer 85

1 : having no stain or blemish : PURE an immaculate uniform 整洁的制服.2 : containing no flaw or error E: animmaculate performance 完美的演出. * 3 a : spotlessly clean b : having no colored spots or marks *petals immaculate*

Answer 86

1 : INDWELLING, INHERENT *beauty is not something imposed but something immanent ― Anthony Burgess* 2 : being within the limits of possible experience or knowledge ― compare TRANSCENDENT

Answer 87

: extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition *existing from time immemorial* –immemorially \-ē-ə-lē\ adverb

Answer 88

: ready to take place especially : hanging threateningly over one's head *was in imminent danger of being run over* announcement of further cuts in government expenditureis imminent. –imminently adverb

Answer 89

1 : to offer in sacrifice especially : to kill as a sacrificial victim 2 : to kill or destroy often by fire –immolator \-ˌlā-tər\ noun

Answer 90

1 a : to enclose within or as if within walls b : IMPRISON immured in a cold dungeon 监禁在冰冷的地牢中 * He immured himself in a small room to work undisturbed. 他自己关在小屋里埋头工作, 以免受到骚扰.2 : to build into a wall especially : to entomb in a wall –immurement \-'myu̇r-mənt\ noun

Answer 91

n. Pronunciation: 'imp Function: noun Etymology: Middle English impe, from Old English impa, from impian to imp Date: before 12th century 1 obsolete : SHOOT, BUD also : GRAFT 2 a : a small demon : FIEND b : a mischievous child : URCHIN 2imp 2 n. Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Old English impian to graft, from Vulgar Latin *imputare, from Late Latin impotus grafted shoot, from Greek emphytos implanted, from emphyein to implant, from em- 2en- + phyein to bring forth ― more at BE Date: 15th century 1 : to graft or repair (a wing, tail, or feather) with a feather to improve a falcon's flying capacity 2 : to equip with wings

Answer 92

: to damage or make worse by or as if by diminishing in some material respect *his health was impaired by overwork* *the strike seriously impaired community services* Loud noise can impair your hearing. 巨大的噪音有损听觉. * Today's attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area. 今日发动的攻击严重损害了在该地区谋求和平的努力. * impaired vision 受损的视力. *synonyms see INJURE –impairer noun –impairment \-mənt\ noun

Answer 93

1 : to join (coats of arms) on a heraldic shield divided vertically by a pale 2 a : to pierce with or as if with something pointed especially : to torture or kill by fixing on a sharp stake b : to fix in an inescapable or helpless position E:In former times, prisoners' heads were impaled on pointed stakes. 从前的人把监犯的头钉在尖桩上. * –impalement \-mənt\ noun –impaler \-'pā-lər\ noun

Answer 94

1 : capable of being touched or felt : TANGIBLE 2 : easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE *a palpable difference* 3 : easily perceptible by the mind : MANIFEST synonyms see PERCEPTIBLE –palpability \ˌpal-pə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –palpably \'pal-pə-blē\ adverb

Answer 95

1 : to give, convey, or grant from or as if from a store *her experience imparted authority to her words* *the flavor imparted by herbs* 2 : to communicate the knowledge of : DISCLOSE *imparted my scheme to no one* –impartation \ˌim-ˌpär-'tā-shən\ noun –impartment \im-'pärt-mənt\ noun

Answer 96

1 a : a predicament affording no obvious escape b : DEADLOCK 2 : an impassable road or way : CUL-DE-SAC The negotiations had reached an impasse, with both sides refusing to compromise. 由於双方都不肯妥协, 谈判陷入僵局.

Answer 97

: filled with passion or zeal : showing great warmth or intensity of feeling

Answer 98

1 a archaic : unsusceptible to pain b : unsusceptible to physical feeling : INSENSIBLE c : unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion : APATHETIC 2 : giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS –impassively adverb –impassiveness noun –impassivity \ˌim-ˌpa-'si-və-tē\ noun

Answer 99

``` 1impeach 1 v. Pronunciation: im-'pēch Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English empechen, from Anglo-French empecher, enpechier to ensnare, impede, prosecute, from Late Latin impedicare to fetter, from Latin in- + pedica fetter, from ped-, pes foot ― more at FOOT Date: 14th century 1 a : to bring an accusation against b : to charge with a crime or misdemeanor specifically : to charge (a public official) before a competent tribunal with misconduct in office c : to remove from office especially for misconduct The committeedecided to impeach the President. 委员会决定弹劾总统. * impeach a judge for taking bribes 控告法官受贿.2 : to cast doubt on especially : to challenge the credibility or validity of *impeach the testimony of a witness* impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机. –impeachable \-'pē-chə-bəl\ adjective –impeachment \-'pēch-mənt\ noun 2impeach 2 v. Function: noun Date: 1590 obsolete : CHARGE, IMPEACHMENT ```

Answer 100

1 : not capable of sinning or liable to sin 2 : free from fault or blame : FLAWLESS *spoke impeccable French* impeccable behaviour, manners, style, etc 完美的品行﹑ 礼貌﹑ 风格等. –impeccability \-ˌpe-kə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –impeccably \-'pe-kə-blē\ adverb

Answer 101

1 : stubbornly resisting control : BALKY Another hour passed and the crowd grew/became restive. 又过了一个小时, 人们有些不耐烦了.2 : marked by impatience or uneasiness : FIDGETY synonyms see CONTRARY –restively adverb E:move, shuffle, fiddle about restively焦急地走来走去﹑ 踱来踱去﹑ 荡来荡去. –restiveness noun

Answer 102

: having very little or no money usually habitually : PENNILESS –impecuniosity \-ˌkyü-nē-'ä-sə-tē\ noun –impecuniously adverb –impecuniousness noun

Answer 103

n.Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired.

Answer 104

: the medical care and treatment of the human foot ― called also chiropody –podiatric \ˌpō-dē-'a-trik\ adjective –podiatrist \pə-'dī-ə-trist, pō-\ noun

Answer 105

1 : to urge or drive forward or on by or as if by the exertion of strong moral pressure : FORCE *felt impelled to correct the misconception* Impelled by feelings of guilt, John wrote to apologize. 约翰有感愧疚, 於是写信道歉. * The President's speech impelled the nation to greater efforts. 总统的讲话激励国民更加努力. * I felt impelled to investigate the matter further. 我觉得自己有责任对事情作进一步调查.2 : to impart motion to : PROPEL synonyms see MOVE

Answer 106

1 a : to hover threateningly : MENACE b : to be about to occur *the impending Senate hearings* his impending arrival, departure, retirement, visit, etc 他即将到达﹑ 离去﹑ 退休﹑ 出访等. 2 archaic : to hang suspended

Answer 107

: not penitent –impenitently adverb

Answer 108

1imperative 1 n. Pronunciation: im-'per-ə-tiv, -'pe-rə- Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English imperatyf, from Late Latin imperativus, from Latin imperatus, past participle of imperare to command ― more at EMPEROR Date: 15th century 1 a : of, relating to, or constituting the grammatical mood that expresses the will to influence the behavior of another b : expressive of a command, entreaty, or exhortation E:an imperative tone of voice that had to be obeyed 必须服从的命令腔调c : having power to restrain, control, and direct 2 : not to be avoided or evaded : NECESSARY *an imperative duty* It is imperative that we make a quick decision. 我们要尽快做出决定synonyms see MASTERFUL –imperatively adverb –imperativeness noun 2imperative 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1530 1 : the imperative mood or a verb form or verbal phrase expressing it 2 : something that is imperative: as a : COMMAND, ORDER b : RULE, GUIDE c : an obligatory act or duty d : an imperative judgment or proposition question:interrogative＝order:imperative问题是怀疑的＝命令是强制的imperial:significance＝grotesque:fantasy特大的重要性＝奇异的怪念头

Answer 109

1imperial 1 n. Pronunciation: im-'pir-ē-əl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin imperialis, from Latin imperium command, empire Date: 14th century 1 a : of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or an emperor b (1) : of or relating to the United Kingdom as distinguished from the constituent parts (2) : of or relating to the Commonwealth of Nations and British Empire the imperial palace, guards, servants 皇宫﹑ 皇家卫士﹑ 皇帝的侍从 * imperial power, trade 皇权﹑ 帝国的贸易. 2 a : SOVEREIGN b : REGAL, IMPERIOUS 3 : of superior or unusual size or excellence E: with imperial generosity 宽宏大量地.4 : belonging to the official British series of weights and measures ― see WEIGHT table –imperially \-ə-lē\ adverb 2imperial 2 n. Function: noun Date: circa 1524 1 capitalized : an adherent or soldier of the Holy Roman emperor 2 : EMPEROR 3 [French impériale; from the beard worn by Napoléon III] : a pointed beard growing below the lower lip 4 : something of unusual size or excellence

Answer 110

1 a : befitting or characteristic of one of eminent rank or attainments : COMMANDING, DOMINANT *an imperious manner* b : marked by arrogant assurance : DOMINEERING an imperious look, command, gesture 飞扬跋扈的样子﹑ 专横的命令﹑ 傲慢的姿势.2 : intensely compelling : URGENT *the imperious problems of the new age ― J. F. Kennedy*

Answer 111

: not permitting passage (as of a fluid) through its substance broadly : IMPERVIOUS –impermeability \-ˌpər-mē-ə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun

Answer 112

1 a : not allowing entrance or passage : IMPENETRABLE *a coat impervious to rain* b : not capable of being damaged or harmed *a carpet impervious to rough treatment* 2 : not capable of being affected or disturbed *impervious to criticism* impervious to criticism, argument, fear 对批评我行我素的﹑ 对争论不闻不问的﹑ 将恐惧置之度外的. –imperviously adverb –imperviousness noun

Answer 113

: to assume or act the character of : PERSONATE He can impersonate many well-known politicians. 他能饰演许多着名政治家的角色. He was caught trying to impersonate a military officer. 他企图冒充军官, 但当场被抓获. –impersonation \-ˌpər-sə-'nā-shən\ noun –impersonator \-'pər-sə-ˌnā-tər\ noun

Answer 114

1 : the quality or state of being impertinent: as a : IRRELEVANCE, INAPPROPRIATENESS an impertinent questionb : INCIVILITY, INSOLENCE 2 : an instance of impertinence

Answer 115

: marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness : SERENE She was one of those imperturbable people who never get angry or upset. 她是那种从不生气也不烦恼的人. * synonyms see COOL –imperturbability \-ˌtər-bə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –imperturbably \-'tər-bə-blē\ adverb

Answer 116

1 : easily annoyed : IRRITABLE It had been a long day, and Sarah was getting a little testy.2 : marked by impatience or ill humor *testy remarks* –testily \-tə-lē\ adverb –testiness \-tē-nəs\ noun

Answer 117

1 a (1) : a driving force : IMPULSE (2) : INCENTIVE, STIMULUS b : stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity E: The treaty gave (a) fresh impetus to trade. 这条约使双方的贸易又推进了一步.2 : the property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its mass and its motion ― used of bodies moving suddenly or violently to indicate the origin and intensity of the motion

Answer 118

1 : to strike or dash especially with a sharp collision *I heard the rain impinge upon the earth ― James Joyce* 2 : to have an effect : make an impression *waiting for the germ of a new idea to impinge upon my mind ― Phyllis Bentley* In his sleepy state, the sound of a car driving up to the house scarcely impinged on his consciousness3 : ENCROACH, INFRINGE *impinge on other people's rights* –impingement \-'pinj-mənt\ noun

Answer 119

``` 1implant 1 n. Pronunciation: im-'plant Function: transitive verb Date: 15th century 1 a : to fix or set securely or deeply *a ruby implanted in the idol's forehead* b : to set permanently in the consciousness or habit patterns : INCULCATE implant religious beliefs in young children 向青少年灌输宗教信仰.2 : to insert in living tissue (as for growth, slow release, or formation of an organic union) *subcutaneously implanted hormone pellets* In this operation the surgeons implant a new lens (in the eye). 医生在这次手术中给病人（眼球）植入了新的水晶体.intransitive verb : to undergo implantation *the failure of embryos to implant* –implantable \-'plan-tə-bəl\ adjective –implanter \im-'plan-tər\ noun ```

Answer 120

1 : to involve as a consequence, corollary, or natural inference : IMPLY 2 archaic : to fold or twist together : ENTWINE 3 a : to bring into intimate or incriminating connection *evidence that implicates him in the bombing* b : to involve in the nature or operation of something He was deeply implicated (ie involved) in the plot. 他与该阴谋牵涉颇深.

Answer 121

1 a : capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed : IMPLIED *an implicit assumption* b : involved in the nature or essence of something though not revealed, expressed, or developed : POTENTIAL *a sculptor may see different figures implicit in a block of stone ― John Dewey* c of a mathematical function : defined by an expression in which the dependent variable and the one or more independent variables are not separated on opposite sides of an equation ― compare EXPLICIT 4 2 : being without doubt or reserve : UNQUESTIONING *an implicit trust* I have implicit faith in your abilities. 我完全相信你的能力. * –implicitly adverb –implicitness noun

Answer 122

: not ponderable : incapable of being weighed or evaluated with exactness *the imponderable beauties of Beethoven's⋯sonatas ― Cecelia Porter* –imponderability \-ˌpän-d(ə-)rə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –imponderable noun E:the great imponderables of love and power 爱情与权力, 极难衡量的事物.

Answer 123

: impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeur synonyms see GRAND –imposingly \-ziŋ-lē\ adverb

Answer 124

: one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception impostor:identity＝usurper:authorization『barbarian:property』冒名顶替者追求身份＝篡位者追求权利『野蛮人:财产』"

Answer 125

1 : the act or practice of deceiving by means of an assumed character or name 2 : an instance of imposture IMPOSTURE, FRAUD, SHAM, FAKE, HUMBUG, COUNTERFEIT mean a thing made to seem other than it is. IMPOSTURE applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine *their claim of environmental concern is an imposture*. FRAUD usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth *the diary was exposed as a fraud*. SHAM applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action *condemned the election as a sham*. FAKE implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty *these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault*. HUMBUG suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent *creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public*. COUNTERFEIT applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable *20-dollar bills that were counterfeits*.

Answer 126

1 a : something designed to deceive and mislead b : a willfully false, deceptive, or insincere person 2 : an attitude or spirit of pretense and deception 3 : NONSENSE, DRIVEL He dismissed the Prime Minister's comments as 'pure humbug'4 British : a hard usually mint-flavored candy

Answer 127

1 : to make poor 2 : to deprive of strength, richness, or fertility by depleting or draining of something essential Heavy rain and excessive use have impoverished the soil. 这土地因遭暴雨侵蚀及使用过度已贫瘠不堪. * Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend. 若不是得识我们这位好朋友, 我们的生活一定十分不妙.synonyms see DEPLETE –impoverisher noun –impoverishment \-mənt\ noun

Answer 128

1 : incapable of being taken by assault : UNCONQUERABLE *an impregnable fortress* 2 : UNASSAILABLE also : IMPENETRABLE *impregnable walls* –impregnability \(ˌ)im-ˌpreg-nə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –impregnableness \im-'preg-nə-bəl-nəs\ noun –impregnably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 129

1 : the promoter, manager, or conductor of an opera or concert company 2 : a person who puts on or sponsors an entertainment (as a television show or sports event)

Answer 130

: capable of being easily impressed children at an impressionable age 处在易受外界影响年龄期的儿童 * impressionable young people 易受影响的年轻人. * –impressionability \-ˌpre-sh(ə-)nə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun

Answer 131

1 : something that is impromptu an impromptu speech, news conference, performance,etc 即席讲话﹑ 临时召开的记者招待会﹑ 即兴表演 * He spoke impromptu. 他临时发了言.2 : a musical composition suggesting improvisation

Answer 132

: not provident : not foreseeing and providing for the future –improvidently adverb

Answer 133

1 : to assail by words or arguments : oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity *impugned the defendant's character* impugn sb's motives, actions, morals, etc 怀疑某人的动机﹑ 行为﹑ 品行等.2 obsolete a : ASSAIL b : RESIST

Answer 134

: WEAKNESS, POWERLESSNESS

Answer 135

: exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss *laws were flouted with impunity*

Answer 136

: inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment *severe punitive measures* –punitively adverb –punitiveness noun

Answer 137

: not focusing the mind on a matter : INATTENTIVE 2 : UNINTENTIONAL *an inadvertent omission* an inadvertent slip, omission, etc 不经意的失误﹑ 遗漏等.inadvertence n [U].inadvertently adv by accident; unintentionally 偶然地; 非故意地; 无意地: She inadvertently telephoned the wrong person. 她无意中打错了电话.

Answer 138

: incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred *inalienable rights* –inalienability \-ˌnāl-yə-nə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌnā-lē-ə-nə-\ noun –inalienably \-'nāl-yə-nə-blē, -'nā-lē-ə-nə-\ adverb

Answer 139

: to gain or regain the favor or goodwill of : APPEASE, CONCILIATE They offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. 他们供奉祭品以求神息怒.synonyms see PACIFY –propitiator \-ˌā-tər\ noun propitiatory / prə`pɪʃɪətrɪ; US -tɔːrɪ; prəˋpɪʃɪə,tɔrɪ/ adj (fml 文) serving or intended to propitiate 谋求好感的;请求原谅的; 哄人息怒的; 劝解的; 抚慰的: a propitiatory gift, remark, smile 赔礼道歉的礼物﹑ 言语﹑ 微笑.

Answer 140

``` 1inane 1 n. Pronunciation: i-'nān Function: adjective Inflected Form: inaner ; -est Etymology: Latin inanis Date: 1662 1 : EMPTY, INSUBSTANTIAL 2 : lacking significance, meaning, or point : SILLY *inane comments* an inane remark, question, etc 无聊的言语﹑ 问题等 * inane conversation 无意义的谈话.synonyms see INSIPID –inanely adverb –inaneness \-'nān-nəs\ noun ``` 2inane 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1677 : void or empty space *a voyage into the limitless inane ― V. G. Childe*

Answer 141

: too small to be perceived *an inappreciable amount* –inappreciably \-blē\ adverb inappreciative adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-nə-'prē-shə-tiv, -'pri- also -'prē-shē-ˌā- Function: adjective Date: 1869 : not appreciative *inappreciative of their workers* –inappreciatively adverb –inappreciativeness noun

Answer 142

1inaugural 1 n. Pronunciation: i-'nȯ-gyə-rəl, -g(ə-)rəl Function: adjective Date: 1689 1 : of or relating to an inauguration 2 : marking a beginning : first in a projected series an inaugural speech, lecture, meeting, etc 就职演说﹑ 首次讲课﹑ 开幕典礼. 2inaugural 2 n. Function: noun Date: 1832 1 : an inaugural address 2 : INAUGURATION

Answer 143

1 : present from or as if from birth 2 : HEREDITARY, INHERITED an ,inborn ,talent for `music 天赋的音乐才能. endemic:region＝inborn:individual地区是地方的＝个人是天生的" synonyms see INNATE

Answer 144

``` 1incandescent 1 adj. Pronunciation: -sənt Function: adjective Etymology: probably from French, from Latin incandescent-, incandescens, present participle of incandescere to become hot, from in- + candescere to become hot, from candēre to glow ― more at CANDID Date: 1794 1 a : white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat b : strikingly bright, radiant, or clear c : marked by brilliance especially of expression *incandescent wit* d : characterized by glowing zeal : ARDENT *incandescent affection* The Prince was said to be incandescent with rage .2 a : of, relating to, or being light produced by incandescence b : producing light by incandescence –incandescently adverb 2incandescent 2 adj. Function: noun Date: 1900 : LIGHTBULB A ```

Answer 145

: a use of spells or verbal charms spoken or sung as a part of a ritual of magic also : a written or recited formula of words designed to produce a particular effect –incantational \-shnəl, -shə-nəl\ adjective –incantatory \in-'kan-tə-ˌtōr-ē, -ˌtȯr-\ adjective

Answer 146

1 : to put in prison He was incarcerated (in the castle dungeon) for years. 他被多年监禁（在古堡的地牢里）.2 : to subject to confinement –incarceration \(ˌ)in-ˌkär-sə-'rā-shən\ noun

Answer 147

``` 1incarnate 1 adj. Pronunciation: in-'kär-nət, -ˌnāt Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English incarnat, from Late Latin incarnatus, past participle of incarnare to incarnate, from Latin in- + carn-, caro flesh ― more at CARNAL Date: 14th century 1 a : invested with bodily and especially human nature and form E: The guards were sadistic beasts and their leader was the devil incarnate. 那些警卫都是残暴的野兽, 他们的首领是个魔鬼的化身.b.made manifest or comprehensible : EMBODIED *a fiend incarnate* virtue incarnate 贞洁的化身.2 : INCARNADINE *incarnate clover* 2incarnate 2 adj. Pronunciation: in-'kär-ˌnāt, 'in-ˌ Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -nated ; -nating Date: 1533 : to make incarnate: as a : to give bodily form and substance to *incarnates the devil as a serpent* b (1) : to give a concrete or actual form to : ACTUALIZE (2) : to constitute an embodiment or type of *no one culture incarnates every important human value ― Denis Goulet* ```

Answer 148

incendiary 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-dē-ˌer-ē; -'sen-də-rē, -dyə- Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -aries Etymology: Middle English, from Latin incendiarius, from incendium conflagration, from incendere Date: 15th century 1 a : a person who commits arson : ARSONIST b : an incendiary agent (as a bomb) 2 : a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR 2incendiary 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : of, relating to, or involving arson : ARSONOUS 2 : tending to excite or inflame : INFLAMMATORY *incendiary speeches* 3 a : igniting combustible materials spontaneously b : of, relating to, or being a weapon (as a bomb) designed to start fires ex: an incendiary bomb, device, attack 燃烧弹﹑ 喷火器﹑ 火攻4 : extremely hot *incendiary chili peppers*

Answer 149

1incense 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌsen(t)s Function: noun Etymology: Middle English encens, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin incensum, from Latin, neuter of incensus, past participle of incendere to set on fire, from in- + -cendere to burn; akin to Latin candēre to glow ― more at CANDID Date: 13th century 1 : material used to produce a fragrant odor when burned 2 : the perfume exhaled from some spices and gums when burned broadly : a pleasing scent 3 : pleasing attention : FLATTERY 2incense 2 n. Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Date: 13th century 1 : to apply or offer incense to 2 : to perfume with incense 3incense 3 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen(t)s Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Etymology: Middle English encensen, probably from Latin incensus, past participle of incendere to set no fire, provoke Date: 15th century 1 archaic : to cause (a passion or emotion) to become aroused 2 : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of The decision to reduce pay levels incensed the work-force. 降低工资的决定激怒了工人. * He felt deeply incensed by/at the way he had been treated. 他受到那样的待遇感到非常愤怒. incentive n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-tiv Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin incentivum, from neuter of incentivus stimulating, from Latin, setting the tune, from incentus, past participle of incinere to play (a tune), from in- + canere to singular ― more at CHANT Date: 15th century : something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action the offer of cash incentives 现金奖励的提供 * an incentive to work harder 对更加努力工作的刺激 * They don't try very hard, but then there's no incentive. 他们不太卖力气, 不过却也没给他们奖励. * [attrib 作定语] an incentive scheme 鼓励方案.

Answer 150

: an act, process, or instance of beginning : COMMENCEMENT He had been director of the project since its inception. 这项工作从一开始他就是负责人.

Answer 151

mean the point at which something begins its course or existence. ORIGIN applies to the things or persons from which something is ultimately derived and often to the causes operating before the thing itself comes into being *an investigation into the origin of baseball*. SOURCE applies more often to the point where something springs into being *the source of the Nile* *the source of recurrent trouble*. INCEPTION stresses the beginning of something without implying causes *the business has been a success since its inception*. ROOT suggests a first, ultimate, or fundamental source often not easily discerned *the real root of the violence*.

Answer 152

: being only partly in existence or operation : INCIPIENT especially : imperfectly formed or formulated : FORMLESS, INCOHERENT *misty, inchoate suspicions that all is not well with the nation ― J. M. Perry* inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法﹑ 态度﹑ 愿望等. –inchoately adverb –inchoateness noun

Answer 153

incidence n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dən(t)s, -ˌden(t)s Function: noun Date: 1626 1 a : ANGLE OF INCIDENCE b : the arrival of something (as a projectile or a ray of light) at a surface 2 a : an act or the fact or manner of falling upon or affecting : OCCURRENCE b : rate of occurrence or influence *a high incidence of crime*

Answer 154

1incident 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dənt, -ˌdent Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin incident-, incidens, from Latin, present participle of incidere to fall into, from in- + cadere to fall ― more at CHANCE Date: 15th century 1 : something dependent on or subordinate to something else of greater or principal importance He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚.2 a : an occurrence of an action or situation that is a separate unit of experience : HAPPENING b : an accompanying minor occurrence or condition : CONCOMITANT 3 : an action likely to lead to grave consequences especially in diplomatic matters *a serious border incident* synonyms see OCCURRENCE 2incident 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : occurring or likely to occur especially as a minor consequence or accompaniment *the confusion incident to moving day* the risks incident to the life of a test pilot 试飞员免不了要冒的生命危险 * responsibilities incident upon one as a parent 为父母者自然要承担的责任.2 : dependent on or relating to another thing in law 3 : falling or striking on something *incident light rays*

Answer 155

: to cause to burn to ashes –incineration \-ˌsi-nə-'rā-shən\ noun

Answer 156

: to move to action : stir up : spur on : urge on incite the workers to violence/against the government 煽动工人暴动[反对政府] * The captain was accused of inciting other officers to mutiny. 该上尉被控煽动军官叛变. incite a riot/breach of the peace 制造动乱[妨害治安事端].incitement n [U, C] ~ (to sth) action that incites certain behaviour 煽动; 鼓励: incitement to defy authority 煽动反对当局.

Answer 157

frivolous bantering talk : light raillery

Answer 158

1 : good-natured ridicule : BANTER 2 : JEST

Answer 159

: lacking mildness: as a archaic : severe in temper or action : UNMERCIFUL b : physically severe : STORMY *inclement weather* –inclemently adverb draconian:inclemency＝fret:vexation严峻的对严酷＝烦恼对烦恼inclemency:evade 严酷导致逃避

Answer 160

: THOUGHTLESS, INCONSIDERATE *incogitant litterbugs* | incogitant:thoughtful＝restive:calm无思想的不深思＝不安的不安静

Answer 161

: not commensurate: as a : INCOMMENSURABLE b : INADEQUATE c : DISPROPORTIONATE *a confidence incommensurate with their ability* His abilities are incommensurate to the task. 他的能力和他担负的任务不相称.

Answer 162

: not open to question : INDISPUTABLE *incontrovertible facts* –incontrovertibly \-blē\ adverb

Answer 163

increment n. Pronunciation: 'iŋ-krə-mənt, 'in- Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin incrementum, from increscere to increase Date: 15th century 1 : the action or process of increasing especially in quantity or value : ENLARGEMENT 2 a : something gained or added b : one of a series of regular consecutive additions c : a minute increase in quantity 3 : the amount or degree by which something changes especially : the amount of positive or negative change in the value of one or more of a set of variables Your salary will be 12000 a year, with annual increments of 500. 你的年薪为12000英镑, 每年增加500英镑.

Answer 164

Pronunciation: in-'kri-mə-ˌnāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -nated ; -nating Etymology: Late Latin incriminatus, past participle of incriminare, from Latin in- + crimin-, crimen crime Date: circa 1736 : to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault She refused to make a statement to the police in case she incriminated herself. 她拒绝向警方作陈述以免受连累. * incriminating evidence 可显示有罪的证据. –incrimination \-ˌkri-mə-'nā-shən\ noun –incriminatory \-'krim-nə-ˌtȯr-ē, -'kri-mə-\ adjective

Answer 165

incubus n. Pronunciation: 'iŋ-kyə-bəs, 'in- Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -bi \-ˌbī, -ˌbē\ also -buses Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin, from Latin incubare Date: 13th century 1 : an evil spirit that lies on persons in their sleep especially : one that has sexual intercourse with women while they are sleeping ― compare SUCCUBUS 2 : NIGHTMARE 2 3 : one that oppresses or burdens like a nightmare Joyce regarded his US citizenship as a moral and political incubus.

Answer 166

: to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions inculcate in young people a respect for the law 向年轻人灌输尊重法制的思想 * inculcate young people with a respect for the law 用尊重法制的思想反覆教育年轻人.synonyms see IMPLANT –inculcation \ˌin-(ˌ)kəl-'kā-shən\ noun –inculcator \in-'kəl-ˌkā-tər, 'in-(ˌ)\ noun

Answer 167

: INCRIMINATE –inculpation \ˌin-(ˌ)kəl-'pā-shən\ noun –inculpatory \in-'kəl-pə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective

Answer 168

1incumbent 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'kəm-bənt Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin incumbent-, incumbens, present participle of incumbere to lie down on, from in- + -cumbere to lie down; akin to cubare to lie Date: 15th century 1 : the holder of an office or ecclesiastical benefice 2 : one that occupies a particular position or place 2incumbent 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 1567 1 : imposed as a duty : OBLIGATORY *incumbent on us to take action* 2 : having the status of an incumbent *the team's incumbent third baseman* especially : occupying a specified office 3 : lying or resting on something else 4 : bent over so as to rest on or touch an underlying surface

Answer 169

: to become liable or subject to : bring down upon oneself *incur expenses* incur debts, great expense, sb's anger 负上债﹑ 须付巨额费用﹑ 惹某人生气.

Answer 170

1 : owing gratitude or recognition to another : BEHOLDEN 2 : owing money

Answer 171

: incapable of being fatigued : UNTIRING *an indefatigable worker* –indefatigability \-ˌfa-ti-gə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –indefatigableness \-'fa-ti-gə-bəl-nəs\ noun –indefatigably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 172

indelible adj. Pronunciation: in-'de-lə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English indelyble, from Medieval Latin indelibilis, alteration 窗体底端 of Latin indelebilis, from in- + delēre to delete Date: 15th century 1 a : that cannot be removed, washed away, or erased b : making marks that cannot easily be removed *an indelible pencil* 2 a : LASTING *indelible memories* b : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE *an indelible performance* –indelibility \(ˌ)in-ˌde-lə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –indelibly \in-'de-lə-blē\ adverb

Answer 173

indemnify v. Pronunciation: in-'dem-nə-ˌfī Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -fied ; -fying Etymology: Latin indemnis unharmed, from in- + damnum damage Date: 1611 1 : to secure against hurt, loss, or damage 2 : to make compensation to for incurred hurt, loss, or damage synonyms see PAY –indemnifier \-ˌfī(-ə)r\ noun

Answer 174

1indent 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent Function: verb Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French endenter, from en- + dent tooth, from Latin dent-, dens ― more at TOOTH Date: 14th century transitive verb 1 a : to divide (a document) so as to produce sections with irregular edges that can be matched for authentication b : to draw up (as a deed) in two or more exactly corresponding copies 2 : to notch the edge of : make jagged 3 : INDENTURE 4 : to set (as a line of a paragraph) in from the margin 5 chiefly British : to order by an indent intransitive verb 1 obsolete : to make a formal or express agreement 2 : to form an indentation 3 chiefly British : to make out an indent for something –indenter noun –indent on 1 chiefly British : to make a requisition on 2 chiefly British : to draw on 2indent 2 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent, 'in-ˌ Function: noun Date: 15th century 1 a : INDENTURE 1 b : a certificate issued by the U.S. at the close of the American Revolution for the principal or interest on the public debt 2 chiefly British a : an official requisition b : a purchase order for goods especially when sent from a foreign country indent on the firm for new equipment, ie place an order for which the firm will pay 为公司订购新设备（订货由公司付款）.3 : INDENTION 3indent 3 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English endenten, from en- + denten to dent Date: 15th century 1 : to force inward so as to form a depression 2 : to form a dent in –indenter noun 4indent 4 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent, 'in-ˌ Function: noun Date: 1596 : INDENTATION indentation / ,ɪnden`teɪʃn; ,ɪndɛnˋteʃən/ n 1 [U] indenting (indent 1, 2) or being indented 作凹坑或锯齿状; 缩进排印或书写. 2 [C] (a) ~ (in sth) mark made by indenting 凹陷; 凹坑; 缺口: the deep indentations of the Norwegian coastline 挪威海岸线的犬牙交错状. (b) space left at the beginning of a line of print or writing （排印或书写的）行首空格.

Answer 175

: a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking synonyms see POVERTY POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT, DESTITUTION mean the state of one with insufficient resources. POVERTY may cover a range from extreme want of necessities to an absence of material comforts *the extreme poverty of the slum dwellers*. INDIGENCE implies seriously straitened circumstances *the indigence of her years as a graduate student*. PENURY suggests a cramping or oppressive lack of money *a catastrophic illness that condemned them to years of penury*. WANT and DESTITUTION imply extreme poverty that threatens life itself through starvation or exposure *lived in a perpetual state of want* *the widespread destitution in countries beset by famine*.

Answer 176

indigent n. Pronunciation: 'in-di-jənt Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Old French, from Latin indigent-, indigens, present participle of indigēre to need, from Old Latin indu + Latin egēre to need; perhaps akin to Old High German echerode poor Date: 15th century 1 : suffering from indigence : IMPOVERISHED 2 a archaic : DEFICIENT b archaic : totally lacking in something specified –indigent noun

Answer 177

indigenous adj. Pronunciation: in-'di-jə-nəs Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin indigenus, from Latin indigena, noun, native, from Old Latin indu, endo in, within + Latin gignere to beget ― more at END-, KIN Date: 1646 1 : having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment *indigenous plants* *the indigenous culture* 2 : INNATE, INBORN synonyms see NATIVE –indigenously adverb –indigenousness noun

Answer 178

indignant adj. Pronunciation: in-'dig-nənt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin indignant-, indignans, present participle of indignari to be indignant, from indignus unworthy, from in- + dignus worthy ― more at DECENT Date: 1590 : filled with or marked by indignation *became indignant at the accusation* –indignantly adverb

Answer 179

indict v. Pronunciation: in-'dīt Function: transitive verb Etymology: alteration 窗体底端 of earlier indite, from Middle English inditen, from Anglo-French enditer to write, point out, indict ― more at INDITE Date: circa 1626 1 : to charge with a fault or offense : CRITICIZE, ACCUSE He was indicted for murder/on three counts of murder. 他被控杀人[三项谋杀罪].2 : to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law –indicter or indictor \-'dī-tər\ noun indictable adj for which one may be indicted 可被控告或起诉的: indictable offences, ie that may be tried by a jury 可起诉的刑事罪（可由陪审团裁决的）

Answer 180

indignity n. Pronunciation: in-'dig-nə-tē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -ties Etymology: Latin indignitat-, indignitas, from indignus Date: 1581 1 a : an act that offends against a person's dignity or self-respect : INSULT b : humiliating treatment be subjected to indignity and humiliation 受到侮慢和羞辱. The highjackers inflicted all kinds of indignities on their captives. 劫持者对人质百般侮辱.2 obsolete : lack or loss of dignity or honor

Answer 181

indoctrinate Pronunciation: in-'däk-trə-ˌnāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -nated ; -nating Etymology: probably from Middle English endoctrinen, from Anglo-French endoctriner, from en- + doctrine doctrine Date: 1626 1 : to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments : TEACH 2 : to imbue with a usually partisan or sectarian opinion, point of view, or principle teachers who indoctrinate children with antisocial theories 向儿童灌输反社会学说的教师 * a religious organization which indoctrinates young people against their parents/to disobey their parents 向年轻人灌输反对父母[不听父母话]的思想的宗教组织. –indoctrination \(ˌ)in-ˌdäk-trə-'nā-shən\ noun indoctrination of prisoners 对监犯进行的思想灌输 * indoctrination of converts in the ways of their new religion 向新皈依者灌输教义. –indoctrinator \in-'däk-trə-ˌnā-tər\ noun

Answer 182

indolent adj. Pronunciation: -lənt Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin indolent-, indolens insensitive to pain, from Latin in- + dolent-, dolens, present participle of dolēre to feel pain Date: 1663 1 a : causing little or no pain b : slow to develop or heal *indolent tumors* *indolent ulcers* 2 a : averse to activity, effort, or movement : habitually lazy b : conducive to or encouraging laziness *indolent heat* c : exhibiting indolence *an indolent sigh*

Answer 183

indubitable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'dü-bə-tə-bəl, -'dyü- Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English indubitabyll, from Latin indubitabilis, from in- + dubitabilis dubitable Date: 15th century : too evident to be doubted : UNQUESTIONABLE –indubitability \-ˌdü-bə-tə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌdyü-\ noun –indubitableness \-'dü-bə-tə-bəl-nəs, -'dyü-\ noun –indubitably \-blē\ adverb That is indubitably the best course of action. 那无疑是上策.

Answer 184

induce v. Pronunciation: in-'düs, -'dyüs Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: induced ; inducing Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French inducer, from Latin inducere, from in- + ducere to lead ― more at TOW Date: 14th century 1 a : to move by persuasion or influence b : to call forth or bring about by influence or stimulation ex：We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去.What induced you to do such a stupid thing? 是什麽促使你做出这等蠢事来的?2 a : EFFECT, CAUSE b : to cause the formation of c : to produce (as an electric current) by induction 3 : to determine by induction specifically : to infer from particulars inducement n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) (a) that which persuades; incentive 引诱; 鼓励; 刺激; 诱因: They have little inducement to work harder. 他们没有什麽更加努力工作的好处. (b) (euph 婉) bribe; bribery 收买; 贿赂: offer sb an inducement 向某人行贿.inducible adj that can be induced 可诱导的; 可诱发的.

Answer 185

induct v. Pronunciation: in-'dəkt Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin inductus, past participle of inducere, from L Date: 14th century 1 : to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office) : INSTALL *was inducted as president of the college* He had been inducted into the church as a priest in the previous year.2 a : to admit as a member *inducted into a scholastic society* b : INTRODUCE, INITIATE c : to enroll for military training or service (as under a selective service act) induct sb to/into the priesthood/as a priest 使某人就任牧师职位[任职牧师]. 3 : LEAD, CONDUCT They were inducted into the skills of magic.

Answer 186

indulge v. Pronunciation: in-'dəlj Function: verb Inflected Form: indulged ; indulging Etymology: Latin indulgēre to be complaisant Date: circa 1623 transitive verb 1 a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY They indulge their child too much; it's bad for his character. 他们过分纵容孩子, 这对孩子的性格有不良影响. * I'm really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. 今天晚上我可真要放纵一下自己, 喝他一瓶香槟. 2 a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR *please indulge me for a moment* b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration ex: If you will indulge me for one moment (ie allow me to continue to speak), I think I can explain the matter to you. 你要是容我把话说完, 我想我可以把此事给你解释清楚. Will you indulge my curiosity and tell me how much it cost? 你能不能满足我的好奇心, 告诉我那值多少钱? * She indulges his every whim. 她对他的怪念头有求必应.intransitive verb : to indulge oneself I shall forget about dieting today. I'm just going to indulge, ie eat and drink what I like. 今天我要把节食计画置之脑後, 想吃什麽就吃什麽. * indulge in (the luxury of) a long hot bath （奢侈地）享受一下泡在浴缸里洗上半天热水澡的美滋味. –indulger noun indulgent / -ənt; -ənt/ adj inclined to indulge 放纵的; 纵容的: indulgent parents, ie parents who allow their children to have or do anything 纵容子女的父母. indulgently adv.

Answer 187

``` 1indurate 1 v. Pronunciation: 'in-də-rət, -dyə-; in-'du̇r-ət, -'dyu̇r- Function: adjective Date: 14th century : physically or morally hardened 2indurate 2 v. Pronunciation: 'in-də-ˌrāt, -dyə- Function: verb Inflected Form: -rated ; -rating Etymology: Latin induratus, past participle of indurare, from in- + durare to harden, from durus hard ― more at DURING Date: 1538 transitive verb 1: to make unfeeling, stubborn, or obdurate ex:It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart2 : to make hardy : INURE soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate3 : to make hard *great heat indurates clay* 4 : to establish firmly : CONFIRM intransitive verb 1 : to grow hard : HARDEN 2 : to become established ```

Answer 188

ineffable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'ne-fə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin ineffabilis, from in- + effabilis capable of being expressed, from effari to speak out, from ex- + fari to speak ― more at BAN Date: 14th century 1 a : incapable of being expressed in words : INDESCRIBABLE *ineffable joy* b : UNSPEAKABLE *ineffable disgust* 2 : not to be uttered : TABOO *the ineffable name of Jehovah* –ineffability \-ˌne-fə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineffableness \-'ne-fə-bəl-nəs\ noun –ineffably \-blē\ adverb ineffable:description＝irradicable:obliterate不能说的不能描述＝不能根除的不能删除"

Answer 189

``` inelastic adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-nə-'las-tik Function: adjective Date: 1748 : not elastic: as a : slow to react or respond to changing conditions b : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING –inelasticity \ˌi-ni-ˌlas-'ti-s(ə-)tē, (ˌ)i-ˌnē-ˌlas-\ noun ```

Answer 190

ineluctable adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-ni-'lək-tə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Latin ineluctabilis, from in- + eluctari to struggle clear of, from ex- + luctari to struggle, wrestle; akin to Latin luxus dislocated ― more at LOCK Date: circa 1623 : not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE *an ineluctable fate* –ineluctability \-ˌlək-tə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineluctably \-'lək-tə-blē\ adverb

Answer 191

inept adj. Pronunciation: i-'nept Function: adjective Etymology: Middle French inepte, from Latin ineptus, from in- + aptus apt Date: 1542 1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT *inept at sports* 2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH 3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree *an inept metaphor* an inept remark 不当的言语.4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING *inept leadership* synonyms see AWKWARD –ineptly \-'nep(t)-lē\ adverb –ineptness \-nəs\ noun ineptitude / ɪ`neptɪtjuːd; US -tuːd; ɪnˋɛptə,tud/ n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等.

Answer 192

inert adj. Pronunciation: i-'nərt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inert-, iners unskilled, idle, from in- + art-, ars skill ― more at ARM Date: 1647 1 : lacking the power to move She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质.2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层.3 : deficient in active properties especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action

Answer 193

``` inexhaustible adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-nig-'zȯ-stə-bəl Function: adjective Date: 1601 : not exhaustible: as a : incapable of being used up *inexhaustible riches* b : incapable of being wearied or worn out *an inexhaustible hiker* –inexhaustibility \-ˌzȯ-stə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –inexhaustibleness \-'zȯ-stə-bəl-nəs\ noun –inexhaustibly \-blē\ adverb ```

Answer 194

1infatuate 1 v. Pronunciation: in-'fa-chə-wət, -chü-ət Function: adjective Date: 15th century : being in an infatuated state or condition 2infatuate 2 Pronunciation: -ˌwāt, -ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Latin infatuatus, past participle of infatuare, from in- + fatuus fatuous Date: 1533 1 : to cause to be foolish : deprive of sound judgment 2 : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration –infatuation \-ˌfa-chə-'wā-shən, -chü-'ā-\ noun infatuated / ɪn`fætʃueɪtɪd; ɪnˋfætʃʊetɪd/ adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋着的,（通常指）痴情的: It's no use talking to him: he's completelyinfatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事.* infatuation / ɪn,fætʃu`eɪʃn; ɪn,fætʃʊˋeʃən/ n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.

Answer 195

inexorable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'neks-rə-bəl, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-rə- Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inexorabilis, from in- + exorabilis pliant, from exorare to prevail upon, from ex- + orare to speak ― more at ORATION Date: 1542 : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS *inexorable progress* inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求﹑ 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展 –inexorability \(ˌ)i-ˌneks-rə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌnek-sə-, -ˌneg-zə-\ noun –inexorableness \-'neks-rə-bəl-nəs, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-\ noun –inexorably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 196

``` infelicitous adj. Pronunciation: ˌin-fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1835 : not felicitous: as a : not appropriate or well-timed *an infelicitous remark* b : AWKWARD, UNFORTUNATE *an infelicitous moment* –infelicitously adverb ``` ``` felicitous adj. Pronunciation: fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1789 1 : very well suited or expressed : APT *a felicitous remark* 2 : PLEASANT, DELIGHTFUL *felicitous weather* Her choice of music is felicitous. 她选择的音乐很适当synonyms see FIT –felicitously adverb –felicitousness noun ```

Answer 197

infelicity n. Pronunciation: -sə-tē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -ties Etymology: Middle English infelicite unhappiness, from Latin infelicitas, from infelic-, infelix unhappy, from in- + felic-, felix fruitful ― more at FEMININE Date: 1617 1 : the quality or state of being infelicitous 2 : something (as a word or phrase) that is infelicitous *minor infelicities*

Answer 198

inferno n. Pronunciation: in-'fər-(ˌ)nō Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -nos Etymology: Italian, hell, from Late Latin infernus Date: 1834 : a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell *the inferno of war* also : an intense fire : CONFLAGRATION *a raging inferno*

Answer 199

infest v. Pronunciation: in-'fest Function: transitive verb Etymology: French infester, from Latin infestare, from infestus hostile Date: 1602 1 : to spread or swarm in or over in a troublesome manner *a slum infested with crime* *shark-infested waters* 2 : to live in or on as a parasite –infestant \-'fes-tənt\ noun –infestation \ˌin-ˌfes-'tā-shən\ noun –infester \in-'fes-tər\ noun infestation / ,ɪnfe`steɪʃn; ,ɪnfɛsˋteʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) infesting or being infested （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批出没, 侵扰, 骚扰: an infestation of cockroaches 蟑螂的侵扰.

Answer 200

transitive verb 1 : to cause (as a liquid) to permeate something by penetrating its pores or interstices ex: infiltrate poison into the water-supply/infiltrate the water-supply with poison 把毒药慢慢渗入水源.2 : to pass into or through (a substance) by filtering or permeating The thick fog seemed to have infiltrated through the very walls into the room. 浓雾好像透过墙壁进到房间里. * (fig 比喻) the depths of the ocean, where no light can infiltrate 海洋的深处, 光线射不进去.3 : to pass (troops) singly or in small groups through gaps in the enemy line 4 : to enter or become established in gradually or unobtrusively usually for subversive purposes *the intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies* troops infiltrating through enemy lines into occupied territory 通过敌人封锁线潜入占领区的部队 * Our entire organization had been infiltrated by enemy agents. 敌特已打入我们整个组织.intransitive verb : to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually infiltration / ,ɪnfɪl`treɪʃn; ,ɪnfɪlˋtreʃən/ n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) (into sth) infiltrating or being infiltrated 渗入; 渗透: infiltration of poisonous chemicals into the water-supply 有毒化学药品向水源的渗入. 2 ~ (of sb/sth into sth); ~ (of sth with sb/sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) (a) [U] infiltrating of people, ideas, etc （人员﹑ 思想等的）渗入, 潜入, 混入: the infiltration of spies, troops, etc into an area, organization, etc 特务﹑ 部队等向某地区﹑ 某组织等的潜入 * the infiltration of an organization with one`s agents 己方代理人向某组织的渗入. (b) [C] instance of this 渗透活动; 渗透战术.infiltrator / `ɪnfɪltreɪtə(r); ɪnˋfɪl,tretɚ/ n person who infiltrates 潜入或渗入的人: left-wing infiltrators 左翼潜入分子.

Answer 201

1infinitesimal 1 n. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-ˌfi-nə-'te-sə-məl, -zə-məl Function: noun Etymology: New Latin infinitesimus infinite in rank, from Latin infinitus Date: 1706 : an infinitesimal quantity or variable 2infinitesimal 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 1710 1 : taking on values arbitrarily close to but greater than zero 2 : immeasurably or incalculably small *an infinitesimal difference* an infinitesimal increase 微增 –infinitesimally \-mə-lē\ adverb

Answer 202

infirm adj. Pronunciation: in-'fərm Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin infirmus, from in- + firmus firm Date: 14th century 1 : of poor or deteriorated vitality especially : feeble from age 2 : weak of mind, will, or character : IRRESOLUTE, VACILLATING 3 : not solid or stable : INSECURE synonyms see WEAK –infirmly adverb WEAK, FEEBLE, FRAIL, FRAGILE, INFIRM, DECREPIT mean not strong enough to endure strain, pressure, or strenuous effort. WEAK applies to deficiency or inferiority in strength or power of any sort *felt weak after the surgery*. FEEBLE suggests extreme weakness inviting pity or contempt *a feeble attempt to walk*. FRAIL implies delicacy and slightness of constitution or structure *a frail teenager unable to enjoy sports*. FRAGILE suggests frailty and brittleness unable to resist rough usage *a reclusive poet too fragile for the rigors of this world*. INFIRM suggests instability, unsoundness, and insecurity due to old age or crippling illness *infirm residents requiring constant care*. DECREPIT implies being worn-out or broken-down from long use or old age *the dowager's decrepit retainers*.

Answer 203

infraction n. Pronunciation: in-'frak-shən Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin infraction-, infractio, from Latin, subduing, from infringere to break ― more at INFRINGE Date: 15th century : the act of infringing : VIOLATION a minor infraction of the rules 轻微的犯规

Answer 204

infringe v. Pronunciation: in-'frinj Function: verb Inflected Form: infringed ; infringing Etymology: Medieval Latin infringere, from Latin, to break, crush, from in- + frangere to break ― more at BREAK Date: 1513 transitive verb 1 : to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another *infringe a patent* infringe the regulations, a copyright agreement, etc 违反规则﹑ 版权协定等. infringe sb's liberty, rights, etc 干扰某人的自由﹑ 侵犯某人的权利.2 obsolete : DEFEAT, FRUSTRATE intransitive verb : ENCROACH ― used with on or upon *infringe on our rights* synonyms see TRESPASS TRESPASS, ENCROACH, INFRINGE, INVADE mean to make inroads upon the property, territory, or rights of another. TRESPASS implies an unwarranted or unlawful intrusion *hunters trespassing on farmland*. ENCROACH suggests gradual or stealthy entrance upon another's territory or usurpation of another's rights or possessions *the encroaching settlers displacing the native peoples*. INFRINGE implies an encroachment clearly violating a right or prerogative *infringing a copyright*. INVADE implies a hostile and injurious entry into the territory or sphere of another *accused of invading their privacy*.–infringer noun infringement / -mənt; -mənt/ n (a) [U] infringing or being infringed 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: laws subject to frequent infringement 经常触犯的法规. (b) [C] instance of this 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: an infringement of the highway code, of copyright, of sb's privacy 违反公路法﹑ 侵犯版权﹑ 侵犯某人的隐私权

Answer 205

infuse v. Pronunciation: in-'fyüz Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: infused ; infusing Etymology: Middle English, to pour in, from Middle French &Latin; Middle French infuser, from Latin infusus, past participle of infundere to pour in, from in- + fundere to pour ― more at FOUND Date: 1526 1 a : to cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality) that alters usually for the better *infuse the team with confidence* b : INTRODUCE, INSINUATE *a new spirit was infused into American art ― American Guide Series: N.Y.* 2 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE *the sense of purpose that infuses scientific research* 3 : to steep in liquid (as water) without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principles 4 : to administer or inject by infusion *stem cells were infuseed into the patient* –infuser noun synonyms INFUSE, SUFFUSE, IMBUE, INGRAIN, INOCULATE, LEAVEN mean to introduce one thing into another so as to affect it throughout. INFUSE implies a pouring in of something that gives new life or significance *new members infused enthusiasm into the club*. SUFFUSE implies a spreading through of something that gives an unusual color or quality *a room suffused with light*. IMBUE implies the introduction of a quality that fills and permeates the whole being *imbue students with intellectual curiosity*. INGRAIN, used only in the passive or past participle, suggests the deep implanting of a quality or trait *clung to ingrained habits*. INOCULATE implies an imbuing or implanting with a germinal idea and often suggests stealth or subtlety *an electorate inoculated with dangerous ideas*. LEAVEN implies introducing something that enlivens, tempers, or markedly alters the total quality *a serious play leavened with comic moments*.

Answer 206

incendiary 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-dē-ˌer-ē; -'sen-də-rē, -dyə- Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -aries Etymology: Middle English, from Latin incendiarius, from incendium conflagration, from incendere Date: 15th century 1 a : a person who commits arson : ARSONIST b : an incendiary agent (as a bomb) 2 : a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR 2incendiary 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : of, relating to, or involving arson : ARSONOUS 2 : tending to excite or inflame : INFLAMMATORY *incendiary speeches* 3 a : igniting combustible materials spontaneously b : of, relating to, or being a weapon (as a bomb) designed to start fires ex: an incendiary bomb, device, attack 燃烧弹﹑ 喷火器﹑ 火攻4 : extremely hot *incendiary chili peppers*

Answer 207

1incense 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌsen(t)s Function: noun Etymology: Middle English encens, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin incensum, from Latin, neuter of incensus, past participle of incendere to set on fire, from in- + -cendere to burn; akin to Latin candēre to glow ― more at CANDID Date: 13th century 1 : material used to produce a fragrant odor when burned 2 : the perfume exhaled from some spices and gums when burned broadly : a pleasing scent 3 : pleasing attention : FLATTERY 2incense 2 n. Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Date: 13th century 1 : to apply or offer incense to 2 : to perfume with incense 3incense 3 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen(t)s Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Etymology: Middle English encensen, probably from Latin incensus, past participle of incendere to set no fire, provoke Date: 15th century 1 archaic : to cause (a passion or emotion) to become aroused 2 : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of The decision to reduce pay levels incensed the work-force. 降低工资的决定激怒了工人. * He felt deeply incensed by/at the way he had been treated. 他受到那样的待遇感到非常愤怒.

Answer 208

incentive n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-tiv Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin incentivum, from neuter of incentivus stimulating, from Latin, setting the tune, from incentus, past participle of incinere to play (a tune), from in- + canere to singular ― more at CHANT Date: 15th century : something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action the offer of cash incentives 现金奖励的提供 * an incentive to work harder 对更加努力工作的刺激 * They don't try very hard, but then there's no incentive. 他们不太卖力气, 不过却也没给他们奖励. * [attrib 作定语] an incentive scheme 鼓励方案.

Answer 209

: an act, process, or instance of beginning : COMMENCEMENT He had been director of the project since its inception. 这项工作从一开始他就是负责人.synonyms see ORIGIN ORIGIN, SOURCE, INCEPTION, ROOT mean the point at which something begins its course or existence. ORIGIN applies to the things or persons from which something is ultimately derived and often to the causes operating before the thing itself comes into being *an investigation into the origin of baseball*. SOURCE applies more often to the point where something springs into being *the source of the Nile* *the source of recurrent trouble*. INCEPTION stresses the beginning of something without implying causes *the business has been a success since its inception*. ROOT suggests a first, ultimate, or fundamental source often not easily discerned *the real root of the violence*.

Answer 210

inchoate adj. Pronunciation: in-'kō-ət, 'in-kə-ˌwāt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inchoatus, past participle of inchoare to start work on, perhaps from in- + cohum part of a yoke to which the beam of a plow is fitted Date: 1534 : being only partly in existence or operation : INCIPIENT especially : imperfectly formed or formulated : FORMLESS, INCOHERENT *misty, inchoate suspicions that all is not well with the nation ― J. M. Perry* inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法﹑ 态度﹑ 愿望等. –inchoately adverb –inchoateness noun

Answer 211

incidence n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dən(t)s, -ˌden(t)s Function: noun Date: 1626 1 a : ANGLE OF INCIDENCE b : the arrival of something (as a projectile or a ray of light) at a surface 2 a : an act or the fact or manner of falling upon or affecting : OCCURRENCE b : rate of occurrence or influence *a high incidence of crime*

Answer 212

1incident 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dənt, -ˌdent Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin incident-, incidens, from Latin, present participle of incidere to fall into, from in- + cadere to fall ― more at CHANCE Date: 15th century 1 : something dependent on or subordinate to something else of greater or principal importance He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚.2 a : an occurrence of an action or situation that is a separate unit of experience : HAPPENING b : an accompanying minor occurrence or condition : CONCOMITANT 3 : an action likely to lead to grave consequences especially in diplomatic matters *a serious border incident* synonyms see OCCURRENCE 2incident 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : occurring or likely to occur especially as a minor consequence or accompaniment *the confusion incident to moving day* the risks incident to the life of a test pilot 试飞员免不了要冒的生命危险 * responsibilities incident upon one as a parent 为父母者自然要承担的责任.2 : dependent on or relating to another thing in law 3 : falling or striking on something *incident light rays*

Answer 213

incinerate v. Pronunciation: in-'si-nə-ˌrāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Medieval Latin incineratus, past participle of incinerare, from Latin in- + ciner-, cinis ashes; akin to Greek konis dust, ashes Date: 1555 : to cause to burn to ashes –incineration \-ˌsi-nə-'rā-shən\ noun

Answer 214

incommensurate adj. Pronunciation: -'men(t)s-rət, -'men(t)sh-; -'men(t)-sə-, -shə- Function: adjective Date: 1650 : not commensurate: as a : INCOMMENSURABLE b : INADEQUATE c : DISPROPORTIONATE *a confidence incommensurate with their ability* His abilities are incommensurate to the task. 他的能力和他担负的任务不相称.

Answer 215

: not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE *an ineluctable fate* –ineluctability \-ˌlək-tə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineluctably \-'lək-tə-blē\ adverb

Answer 216

1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT *inept at sports* 2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH 3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree *an inept metaphor* an inept remark 不当的言语.4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING *inept leadership* synonyms see AWKWARD –ineptly \-'nep(t)-lē\ adverb –ineptness \-nəs\ noun ineptitude / ɪ`neptɪtjuːd; US -tuːd; ɪnˋɛptə,tud/ n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等.ineptly adv.

Answer 217

inert adj. Pronunciation: i-'nərt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inert-, iners unskilled, idle, from in- + art-, ars skill ― more at ARM Date: 1647 1 : lacking the power to move She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质.2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层.3 : deficient in active properties especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action synonyms see INACTIVE –inert noun –inertly adverb

Answer 218

infantry n. Pronunciation: 'in-fən-trē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -tries Etymology: Middle French &Old Italian; Middle French infanterie, from Old Italian infanteria, from infante boy, foot soldier, from Latin infant-, infans Date: 1579 1 a : soldiers trained, armed, and equipped to fight on foot b : a branch of an army composed of these soldiers 2 : an infantry regiment or division

Answer 219

1infatuate 1 v. Pronunciation: in-'fa-chə-wət, -chü-ət Function: adjective Date: 15th century : being in an infatuated state or condition 2infatuate 2 Pronunciation: -ˌwāt, -ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Latin infatuatus, past participle of infatuare, from in- + fatuus fatuous Date: 1533 1 : to cause to be foolish : deprive of sound judgment 2 : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration –infatuation \-ˌfa-chə-'wā-shən, -chü-'ā-\ noun infatuated / ɪn`fætʃueɪtɪd; ɪnˋfætʃʊetɪd/ adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋着的,（通常指）痴情的: It's no use talking to him: he's completelyinfatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事.* infatuation / ɪn,fætʃu`eɪʃn; ɪn,fætʃʊˋeʃən/ n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.

Answer 220

inexorable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'neks-rə-bəl, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-rə- Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inexorabilis, from in- + exorabilis pliant, from exorare to prevail upon, from ex- + orare to speak ― more at ORATION Date: 1542 : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS *inexorable progress* inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求﹑ 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展 –inexorability \(ˌ)i-ˌneks-rə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌnek-sə-, -ˌneg-zə-\ noun –inexorableness \-'neks-rə-bəl-nəs, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-\ noun –inexorably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 221

``` infelicitous adj. Pronunciation: ˌin-fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1835 : not felicitous: as a : not appropriate or well-timed *an infelicitous remark* b : AWKWARD, UNFORTUNATE *an infelicitous moment* –infelicitously adverb ```

Answer 222

``` 1ingrain 1 n. Variant: also engrain Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'grān Function: transitive verb Date: circa 1641 : to work indelibly into the natural texture or mental or moral constitution synonyms see INFUSE 2ingrain 2 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrān Function: adjective Date: 1766 1 a : made of fiber that is dyed before being spun into yarn b : made of yarn that is dyed before being woven or knitted 2 : thoroughly worked in : INNATE 3ingrain 3 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrān Function: noun Date: 1899 : innate quality or character ``` ``` ingrained adj. Variant: also engrained Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrānd, (ˌ)in-' Function: adjective Date: 1599 1 : worked into the grain or fiber 2 : forming a part of the essence or inmost being : DEEP-SEATED *ingrained prejudice* –ingrainedly also engrainedly \'in-ˌgrā-nəd-lē, 'in-ˌgrānd-lē, (ˌ)in-'\ adverb ```

Answer 223

ingratiate v. Pronunciation: in-'grā-shē-ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: 2in- + Latin gratia grace Date: 1621 : to gain favor or favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort ― usually used with with *ingratiate themselves with the community leaders ― William Attwood* –ingratiation \-ˌgrā-shē-'ā-shən\ noun –ingratiatory \-'grā-sh(ē-)ə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective camouflage:deception＝flattery:ingratiating伪装是为了欺骗＝谄媚是为了逢迎ingratiating:win favor＝disingenuous:deceive讨好为了得到别人的好感＝虚伪为了欺骗"

Answer 224

: incapable of being fatigued : UNTIRING *an indefatigable worker* –indefatigability \-ˌfa-ti-gə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –indefatigableness \-'fa-ti-gə-bəl-nəs\ noun –indefatigably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 225

indelible adj. Pronunciation: in-'de-lə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English indelyble, from Medieval Latin indelibilis, alteration 窗体底端 of Latin indelebilis, from in- + delēre to delete Date: 15th century 1 a : that cannot be removed, washed away, or erased b : making marks that cannot easily be removed *an indelible pencil* 2 a : LASTING *indelible memories* b : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE *an indelible performance* –indelibility \(ˌ)in-ˌde-lə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –indelibly \in-'de-lə-blē\ adverb

Answer 226

indemnify v. Pronunciation: in-'dem-nə-ˌfī Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -fied ; -fying Etymology: Latin indemnis unharmed, from in- + damnum damage Date: 1611 1 : to secure against hurt, loss, or damage 2 : to make compensation to for incurred hurt, loss, or damage synonyms see PAY –indemnifier \-ˌfī(-ə)r\ noun

Answer 227

1indent 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent Function: verb Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French endenter, from en- + dent tooth, from Latin dent-, dens ― more at TOOTH Date: 14th century transitive verb 1 a : to divide (a document) so as to produce sections with irregular edges that can be matched for authentication b : to draw up (as a deed) in two or more exactly corresponding copies 2 : to notch the edge of : make jagged 3 : INDENTURE 4 : to set (as a line of a paragraph) in from the margin 5 chiefly British : to order by an indent intransitive verb 1 obsolete : to make a formal or express agreement 2 : to form an indentation 3 chiefly British : to make out an indent for something –indenter noun –indent on 1 chiefly British : to make a requisition on 2 chiefly British : to draw on 2indent 2 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent, 'in-ˌ Function: noun Date: 15th century 1 a : INDENTURE 1 b : a certificate issued by the U.S. at the close of the American Revolution for the principal or interest on the public debt 2 chiefly British a : an official requisition b : a purchase order for goods especially when sent from a foreign country indent on the firm for new equipment, ie place an order for which the firm will pay 为公司订购新设备（订货由公司付款）.3 : INDENTION 3indent 3 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English endenten, from en- + denten to dent Date: 15th century 1 : to force inward so as to form a depression 2 : to form a dent in –indenter noun 4indent 4 n. Pronunciation: in-'dent, 'in-ˌ Function: noun Date: 1596 : INDENTATION indentation / ,ɪnden`teɪʃn; ,ɪndɛnˋteʃən/ n 1 [U] indenting (indent 1, 2) or being indented 作凹坑或锯齿状; 缩进排印或书写. 2 [C] (a) ~ (in sth) mark made by indenting 凹陷; 凹坑; 缺口: the deep indentations of the Norwegian coastline 挪威海岸线的犬牙交错状. (b) space left at the beginning of a line of print or writing （排印或书写的）行首空格.

Answer 228

: a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking synonyms see POVERTY POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT, DESTITUTION mean the state of one with insufficient resources. POVERTY may cover a range from extreme want of necessities to an absence of material comforts *the extreme poverty of the slum dwellers*. INDIGENCE implies seriously straitened circumstances *the indigence of her years as a graduate student*. PENURY suggests a cramping or oppressive lack of money *a catastrophic illness that condemned them to years of penury*. WANT and DESTITUTION imply extreme poverty that threatens life itself through starvation or exposure *lived in a perpetual state of want* *the widespread destitution in countries beset by famine*.

Answer 229

indigent n. Pronunciation: 'in-di-jənt Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Old French, from Latin indigent-, indigens, present participle of indigēre to need, from Old Latin indu + Latin egēre to need; perhaps akin to Old High German echerode poor Date: 15th century 1 : suffering from indigence : IMPOVERISHED 2 a archaic : DEFICIENT b archaic : totally lacking in something specified –indigent noun

Answer 230

indigenous adj. Pronunciation: in-'di-jə-nəs Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin indigenus, from Latin indigena, noun, native, from Old Latin indu, endo in, within + Latin gignere to beget ― more at END-, KIN Date: 1646 1 : having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment *indigenous plants* *the indigenous culture* 2 : INNATE, INBORN synonyms see NATIVE –indigenously adverb –indigenousness noun

Answer 231

indignant adj. Pronunciation: in-'dig-nənt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin indignant-, indignans, present participle of indignari to be indignant, from indignus unworthy, from in- + dignus worthy ― more at DECENT Date: 1590 : filled with or marked by indignation *became indignant at the accusation* –indignantly adverb

Answer 232

indict v. Pronunciation: in-'dīt Function: transitive verb Etymology: alteration 窗体底端 of earlier indite, from Middle English inditen, from Anglo-French enditer to write, point out, indict ― more at INDITE Date: circa 1626 1 : to charge with a fault or offense : CRITICIZE, ACCUSE He was indicted for murder/on three counts of murder. 他被控杀人[三项谋杀罪].2 : to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law –indicter or indictor \-'dī-tər\ noun indictable adj for which one may be indicted 可被控告或起诉的: indictable offences, ie that may be tried by a jury 可起诉的刑事罪（可由陪审团裁决的）

Answer 233

indignity n. Pronunciation: in-'dig-nə-tē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -ties Etymology: Latin indignitat-, indignitas, from indignus Date: 1581 1 a : an act that offends against a person's dignity or self-respect : INSULT b : humiliating treatment be subjected to indignity and humiliation 受到侮慢和羞辱. The highjackers inflicted all kinds of indignities on their captives. 劫持者对人质百般侮辱.2 obsolete : lack or loss of dignity or honor

Answer 234

indoctrinate Pronunciation: in-'däk-trə-ˌnāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -nated ; -nating Etymology: probably from Middle English endoctrinen, from Anglo-French endoctriner, from en- + doctrine doctrine Date: 1626 1 : to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments : TEACH 2 : to imbue with a usually partisan or sectarian opinion, point of view, or principle teachers who indoctrinate children with antisocial theories 向儿童灌输反社会学说的教师 * a religious organization which indoctrinates young people against their parents/to disobey their parents 向年轻人灌输反对父母[不听父母话]的思想的宗教组织. –indoctrination \(ˌ)in-ˌdäk-trə-'nā-shən\ noun indoctrination of prisoners 对监犯进行的思想灌输 * indoctrination of converts in the ways of their new religion 向新皈依者灌输教义. –indoctrinator \in-'däk-trə-ˌnā-tər\ noun

Answer 235

indolent adj. Pronunciation: -lənt Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin indolent-, indolens insensitive to pain, from Latin in- + dolent-, dolens, present participle of dolēre to feel pain Date: 1663 1 a : causing little or no pain b : slow to develop or heal *indolent tumors* *indolent ulcers* 2 a : averse to activity, effort, or movement : habitually lazy b : conducive to or encouraging laziness *indolent heat* c : exhibiting indolence *an indolent sigh*

Answer 236

indubitable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'dü-bə-tə-bəl, -'dyü- Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English indubitabyll, from Latin indubitabilis, from in- + dubitabilis dubitable Date: 15th century : too evident to be doubted : UNQUESTIONABLE –indubitability \-ˌdü-bə-tə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌdyü-\ noun –indubitableness \-'dü-bə-tə-bəl-nəs, -'dyü-\ noun –indubitably \-blē\ adverb That is indubitably the best course of action. 那无疑是上策.

Answer 237

induce v. Pronunciation: in-'düs, -'dyüs Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: induced ; inducing Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French inducer, from Latin inducere, from in- + ducere to lead ― more at TOW Date: 14th century 1 a : to move by persuasion or influence b : to call forth or bring about by influence or stimulation ex：We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去.What induced you to do such a stupid thing? 是什麽促使你做出这等蠢事来的?2 a : EFFECT, CAUSE b : to cause the formation of c : to produce (as an electric current) by induction 3 : to determine by induction specifically : to infer from particulars inducement n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) (a) that which persuades; incentive 引诱; 鼓励; 刺激; 诱因: They have little inducement to work harder. 他们没有什麽更加努力工作的好处. (b) (euph 婉) bribe; bribery 收买; 贿赂: offer sb an inducement 向某人行贿.inducible adj that can be induced 可诱导的; 可诱发的.

Answer 238

induct v. Pronunciation: in-'dəkt Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin inductus, past participle of inducere, from L Date: 14th century 1 : to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office) : INSTALL *was inducted as president of the college* He had been inducted into the church as a priest in the previous year.2 a : to admit as a member *inducted into a scholastic society* b : INTRODUCE, INITIATE c : to enroll for military training or service (as under a selective service act) induct sb to/into the priesthood/as a priest 使某人就任牧师职位[任职牧师]. 3 : LEAD, CONDUCT They were inducted into the skills of magic.

Answer 239

indulge v. Pronunciation: in-'dəlj Function: verb Inflected Form: indulged ; indulging Etymology: Latin indulgēre to be complaisant Date: circa 1623 transitive verb 1 a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY They indulge their child too much; it's bad for his character. 他们过分纵容孩子, 这对孩子的性格有不良影响. * I'm really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. 今天晚上我可真要放纵一下自己, 喝他一瓶香槟. 2 a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR *please indulge me for a moment* b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration ex: If you will indulge me for one moment (ie allow me to continue to speak), I think I can explain the matter to you. 你要是容我把话说完, 我想我可以把此事给你解释清楚. Will you indulge my curiosity and tell me how much it cost? 你能不能满足我的好奇心, 告诉我那值多少钱? * She indulges his every whim. 她对他的怪念头有求必应.intransitive verb : to indulge oneself I shall forget about dieting today. I'm just going to indulge, ie eat and drink what I like. 今天我要把节食计画置之脑後, 想吃什麽就吃什麽. * indulge in (the luxury of) a long hot bath （奢侈地）享受一下泡在浴缸里洗上半天热水澡的美滋味. –indulger noun indulgent / -ənt; -ənt/ adj inclined to indulge 放纵的; 纵容的: indulgent parents, ie parents who allow their children to have or do anything 纵容子女的父母. indulgently adv.

Answer 240

``` 1indurate 1 v. Pronunciation: 'in-də-rət, -dyə-; in-'du̇r-ət, -'dyu̇r- Function: adjective Date: 14th century : physically or morally hardened 2indurate 2 v. Pronunciation: 'in-də-ˌrāt, -dyə- Function: verb Inflected Form: -rated ; -rating Etymology: Latin induratus, past participle of indurare, from in- + durare to harden, from durus hard ― more at DURING Date: 1538 transitive verb 1: to make unfeeling, stubborn, or obdurate ex:It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart2 : to make hardy : INURE soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate3 : to make hard *great heat indurates clay* 4 : to establish firmly : CONFIRM intransitive verb 1 : to grow hard : HARDEN 2 : to become established ```

Answer 241

ineffable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'ne-fə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin ineffabilis, from in- + effabilis capable of being expressed, from effari to speak out, from ex- + fari to speak ― more at BAN Date: 14th century 1 a : incapable of being expressed in words : INDESCRIBABLE *ineffable joy* b : UNSPEAKABLE *ineffable disgust* 2 : not to be uttered : TABOO *the ineffable name of Jehovah* –ineffability \-ˌne-fə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineffableness \-'ne-fə-bəl-nəs\ noun –ineffably \-blē\ adverb ineffable:description＝irradicable:obliterate不能说的不能描述＝不能根除的不能删除"

Answer 242

``` inelastic adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-nə-'las-tik Function: adjective Date: 1748 : not elastic: as a : slow to react or respond to changing conditions b : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING –inelasticity \ˌi-ni-ˌlas-'ti-s(ə-)tē, (ˌ)i-ˌnē-ˌlas-\ noun ```

Answer 243

ineluctable adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-ni-'lək-tə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Latin ineluctabilis, from in- + eluctari to struggle clear of, from ex- + luctari to struggle, wrestle; akin to Latin luxus dislocated ― more at LOCK Date: circa 1623 : not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE *an ineluctable fate* –ineluctability \-ˌlək-tə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineluctably \-'lək-tə-blē\ adverb

Answer 244

inept adj. Pronunciation: i-'nept Function: adjective Etymology: Middle French inepte, from Latin ineptus, from in- + aptus apt Date: 1542 1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT *inept at sports* 2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH 3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree *an inept metaphor* an inept remark 不当的言语.4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING *inept leadership* synonyms see AWKWARD –ineptly \-'nep(t)-lē\ adverb –ineptness \-nəs\ noun ineptitude / ɪ`neptɪtjuːd; US -tuːd; ɪnˋɛptə,tud/ n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等.

Answer 245

inert adj. Pronunciation: i-'nərt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inert-, iners unskilled, idle, from in- + art-, ars skill ― more at ARM Date: 1647 1 : lacking the power to move She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质.2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层.3 : deficient in active properties especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action

Answer 246

``` inexhaustible adj. Pronunciation: ˌi-nig-'zȯ-stə-bəl Function: adjective Date: 1601 : not exhaustible: as a : incapable of being used up *inexhaustible riches* b : incapable of being wearied or worn out *an inexhaustible hiker* –inexhaustibility \-ˌzȯ-stə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –inexhaustibleness \-'zȯ-stə-bəl-nəs\ noun –inexhaustibly \-blē\ adverb ```

Answer 247

1infatuate 1 v. Pronunciation: in-'fa-chə-wət, -chü-ət Function: adjective Date: 15th century : being in an infatuated state or condition 2infatuate 2 Pronunciation: -ˌwāt, -ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Latin infatuatus, past participle of infatuare, from in- + fatuus fatuous Date: 1533 1 : to cause to be foolish : deprive of sound judgment 2 : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration –infatuation \-ˌfa-chə-'wā-shən, -chü-'ā-\ noun infatuated / ɪn`fætʃueɪtɪd; ɪnˋfætʃʊetɪd/ adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋着的,（通常指）痴情的: It's no use talking to him: he's completelyinfatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事.* infatuation / ɪn,fætʃu`eɪʃn; ɪn,fætʃʊˋeʃən/ n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.

Answer 248

inexorable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'neks-rə-bəl, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-rə- Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inexorabilis, from in- + exorabilis pliant, from exorare to prevail upon, from ex- + orare to speak ― more at ORATION Date: 1542 : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS *inexorable progress* inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求﹑ 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展 –inexorability \(ˌ)i-ˌneks-rə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌnek-sə-, -ˌneg-zə-\ noun –inexorableness \-'neks-rə-bəl-nəs, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-\ noun –inexorably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 249

``` infelicitous adj. Pronunciation: ˌin-fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1835 : not felicitous: as a : not appropriate or well-timed *an infelicitous remark* b : AWKWARD, UNFORTUNATE *an infelicitous moment* –infelicitously adverb ``` ``` felicitous adj. Pronunciation: fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1789 1 : very well suited or expressed : APT *a felicitous remark* 2 : PLEASANT, DELIGHTFUL *felicitous weather* Her choice of music is felicitous. 她选择的音乐很适当synonyms see FIT –felicitously adverb –felicitousness noun ```

Answer 250

infelicity n. Pronunciation: -sə-tē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -ties Etymology: Middle English infelicite unhappiness, from Latin infelicitas, from infelic-, infelix unhappy, from in- + felic-, felix fruitful ― more at FEMININE Date: 1617 1 : the quality or state of being infelicitous 2 : something (as a word or phrase) that is infelicitous *minor infelicities*

Answer 251

inferno n. Pronunciation: in-'fər-(ˌ)nō Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -nos Etymology: Italian, hell, from Late Latin infernus Date: 1834 : a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell *the inferno of war* also : an intense fire : CONFLAGRATION *a raging inferno*

Answer 252

infest v. Pronunciation: in-'fest Function: transitive verb Etymology: French infester, from Latin infestare, from infestus hostile Date: 1602 1 : to spread or swarm in or over in a troublesome manner *a slum infested with crime* *shark-infested waters* 2 : to live in or on as a parasite –infestant \-'fes-tənt\ noun –infestation \ˌin-ˌfes-'tā-shən\ noun –infester \in-'fes-tər\ noun infestation / ,ɪnfe`steɪʃn; ,ɪnfɛsˋteʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) infesting or being infested （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批出没, 侵扰, 骚扰: an infestation of cockroaches 蟑螂的侵扰.

Answer 253

transitive verb 1 : to cause (as a liquid) to permeate something by penetrating its pores or interstices ex: infiltrate poison into the water-supply/infiltrate the water-supply with poison 把毒药慢慢渗入水源.2 : to pass into or through (a substance) by filtering or permeating The thick fog seemed to have infiltrated through the very walls into the room. 浓雾好像透过墙壁进到房间里. * (fig 比喻) the depths of the ocean, where no light can infiltrate 海洋的深处, 光线射不进去.3 : to pass (troops) singly or in small groups through gaps in the enemy line 4 : to enter or become established in gradually or unobtrusively usually for subversive purposes *the intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies* troops infiltrating through enemy lines into occupied territory 通过敌人封锁线潜入占领区的部队 * Our entire organization had been infiltrated by enemy agents. 敌特已打入我们整个组织.intransitive verb : to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually infiltration / ,ɪnfɪl`treɪʃn; ,ɪnfɪlˋtreʃən/ n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) (into sth) infiltrating or being infiltrated 渗入; 渗透: infiltration of poisonous chemicals into the water-supply 有毒化学药品向水源的渗入. 2 ~ (of sb/sth into sth); ~ (of sth with sb/sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) (a) [U] infiltrating of people, ideas, etc （人员﹑ 思想等的）渗入, 潜入, 混入: the infiltration of spies, troops, etc into an area, organization, etc 特务﹑ 部队等向某地区﹑ 某组织等的潜入 * the infiltration of an organization with one`s agents 己方代理人向某组织的渗入. (b) [C] instance of this 渗透活动; 渗透战术.infiltrator / `ɪnfɪltreɪtə(r); ɪnˋfɪl,tretɚ/ n person who infiltrates 潜入或渗入的人: left-wing infiltrators 左翼潜入分子.

Answer 254

1infinitesimal 1 n. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-ˌfi-nə-'te-sə-məl, -zə-məl Function: noun Etymology: New Latin infinitesimus infinite in rank, from Latin infinitus Date: 1706 : an infinitesimal quantity or variable 2infinitesimal 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 1710 1 : taking on values arbitrarily close to but greater than zero 2 : immeasurably or incalculably small *an infinitesimal difference* an infinitesimal increase 微增 –infinitesimally \-mə-lē\ adverb

Answer 255

infirm adj. Pronunciation: in-'fərm Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin infirmus, from in- + firmus firm Date: 14th century 1 : of poor or deteriorated vitality especially : feeble from age 2 : weak of mind, will, or character : IRRESOLUTE, VACILLATING 3 : not solid or stable : INSECURE synonyms see WEAK –infirmly adverb WEAK, FEEBLE, FRAIL, FRAGILE, INFIRM, DECREPIT mean not strong enough to endure strain, pressure, or strenuous effort. WEAK applies to deficiency or inferiority in strength or power of any sort *felt weak after the surgery*. FEEBLE suggests extreme weakness inviting pity or contempt *a feeble attempt to walk*. FRAIL implies delicacy and slightness of constitution or structure *a frail teenager unable to enjoy sports*. FRAGILE suggests frailty and brittleness unable to resist rough usage *a reclusive poet too fragile for the rigors of this world*. INFIRM suggests instability, unsoundness, and insecurity due to old age or crippling illness *infirm residents requiring constant care*. DECREPIT implies being worn-out or broken-down from long use or old age *the dowager's decrepit retainers*.

Answer 256

infraction n. Pronunciation: in-'frak-shən Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin infraction-, infractio, from Latin, subduing, from infringere to break ― more at INFRINGE Date: 15th century : the act of infringing : VIOLATION a minor infraction of the rules 轻微的犯规

Answer 257

infringe v. Pronunciation: in-'frinj Function: verb Inflected Form: infringed ; infringing Etymology: Medieval Latin infringere, from Latin, to break, crush, from in- + frangere to break ― more at BREAK Date: 1513 transitive verb 1 : to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another *infringe a patent* infringe the regulations, a copyright agreement, etc 违反规则﹑ 版权协定等. infringe sb's liberty, rights, etc 干扰某人的自由﹑ 侵犯某人的权利.2 obsolete : DEFEAT, FRUSTRATE intransitive verb : ENCROACH ― used with on or upon *infringe on our rights* synonyms see TRESPASS TRESPASS, ENCROACH, INFRINGE, INVADE mean to make inroads upon the property, territory, or rights of another. TRESPASS implies an unwarranted or unlawful intrusion *hunters trespassing on farmland*. ENCROACH suggests gradual or stealthy entrance upon another's territory or usurpation of another's rights or possessions *the encroaching settlers displacing the native peoples*. INFRINGE implies an encroachment clearly violating a right or prerogative *infringing a copyright*. INVADE implies a hostile and injurious entry into the territory or sphere of another *accused of invading their privacy*.–infringer noun infringement / -mənt; -mənt/ n (a) [U] infringing or being infringed 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: laws subject to frequent infringement 经常触犯的法规. (b) [C] instance of this 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: an infringement of the highway code, of copyright, of sb's privacy 违反公路法﹑ 侵犯版权﹑ 侵犯某人的隐私权

Answer 258

infuse v. Pronunciation: in-'fyüz Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: infused ; infusing Etymology: Middle English, to pour in, from Middle French &Latin; Middle French infuser, from Latin infusus, past participle of infundere to pour in, from in- + fundere to pour ― more at FOUND Date: 1526 1 a : to cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality) that alters usually for the better *infuse the team with confidence* b : INTRODUCE, INSINUATE *a new spirit was infused into American art ― American Guide Series: N.Y.* 2 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE *the sense of purpose that infuses scientific research* 3 : to steep in liquid (as water) without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principles 4 : to administer or inject by infusion *stem cells were infuseed into the patient* –infuser noun synonyms INFUSE, SUFFUSE, IMBUE, INGRAIN, INOCULATE, LEAVEN mean to introduce one thing into another so as to affect it throughout. INFUSE implies a pouring in of something that gives new life or significance *new members infused enthusiasm into the club*. SUFFUSE implies a spreading through of something that gives an unusual color or quality *a room suffused with light*. IMBUE implies the introduction of a quality that fills and permeates the whole being *imbue students with intellectual curiosity*. INGRAIN, used only in the passive or past participle, suggests the deep implanting of a quality or trait *clung to ingrained habits*. INOCULATE implies an imbuing or implanting with a germinal idea and often suggests stealth or subtlety *an electorate inoculated with dangerous ideas*. LEAVEN implies introducing something that enlivens, tempers, or markedly alters the total quality *a serious play leavened with comic moments*.

Answer 259

incendiary 1 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-dē-ˌer-ē; -'sen-də-rē, -dyə- Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -aries Etymology: Middle English, from Latin incendiarius, from incendium conflagration, from incendere Date: 15th century 1 a : a person who commits arson : ARSONIST b : an incendiary agent (as a bomb) 2 : a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR 2incendiary 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : of, relating to, or involving arson : ARSONOUS 2 : tending to excite or inflame : INFLAMMATORY *incendiary speeches* 3 a : igniting combustible materials spontaneously b : of, relating to, or being a weapon (as a bomb) designed to start fires ex: an incendiary bomb, device, attack 燃烧弹﹑ 喷火器﹑ 火攻4 : extremely hot *incendiary chili peppers*

Answer 260

1incense 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌsen(t)s Function: noun Etymology: Middle English encens, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin incensum, from Latin, neuter of incensus, past participle of incendere to set on fire, from in- + -cendere to burn; akin to Latin candēre to glow ― more at CANDID Date: 13th century 1 : material used to produce a fragrant odor when burned 2 : the perfume exhaled from some spices and gums when burned broadly : a pleasing scent 3 : pleasing attention : FLATTERY 2incense 2 n. Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Date: 13th century 1 : to apply or offer incense to 2 : to perfume with incense 3incense 3 n. Pronunciation: in-'sen(t)s Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: incensed ; incensing Etymology: Middle English encensen, probably from Latin incensus, past participle of incendere to set no fire, provoke Date: 15th century 1 archaic : to cause (a passion or emotion) to become aroused 2 : to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of The decision to reduce pay levels incensed the work-force. 降低工资的决定激怒了工人. * He felt deeply incensed by/at the way he had been treated. 他受到那样的待遇感到非常愤怒.

Answer 261

incentive n. Pronunciation: in-'sen-tiv Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin incentivum, from neuter of incentivus stimulating, from Latin, setting the tune, from incentus, past participle of incinere to play (a tune), from in- + canere to singular ― more at CHANT Date: 15th century : something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action the offer of cash incentives 现金奖励的提供 * an incentive to work harder 对更加努力工作的刺激 * They don't try very hard, but then there's no incentive. 他们不太卖力气, 不过却也没给他们奖励. * [attrib 作定语] an incentive scheme 鼓励方案.

Answer 262

: an act, process, or instance of beginning : COMMENCEMENT He had been director of the project since its inception. 这项工作从一开始他就是负责人.synonyms see ORIGIN ORIGIN, SOURCE, INCEPTION, ROOT mean the point at which something begins its course or existence. ORIGIN applies to the things or persons from which something is ultimately derived and often to the causes operating before the thing itself comes into being *an investigation into the origin of baseball*. SOURCE applies more often to the point where something springs into being *the source of the Nile* *the source of recurrent trouble*. INCEPTION stresses the beginning of something without implying causes *the business has been a success since its inception*. ROOT suggests a first, ultimate, or fundamental source often not easily discerned *the real root of the violence*.

Answer 263

inchoate adj. Pronunciation: in-'kō-ət, 'in-kə-ˌwāt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inchoatus, past participle of inchoare to start work on, perhaps from in- + cohum part of a yoke to which the beam of a plow is fitted Date: 1534 : being only partly in existence or operation : INCIPIENT especially : imperfectly formed or formulated : FORMLESS, INCOHERENT *misty, inchoate suspicions that all is not well with the nation ― J. M. Perry* inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法﹑ 态度﹑ 愿望等. –inchoately adverb –inchoateness noun

Answer 264

incidence n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dən(t)s, -ˌden(t)s Function: noun Date: 1626 1 a : ANGLE OF INCIDENCE b : the arrival of something (as a projectile or a ray of light) at a surface 2 a : an act or the fact or manner of falling upon or affecting : OCCURRENCE b : rate of occurrence or influence *a high incidence of crime*

Answer 265

1incident 1 n. Pronunciation: 'in(t)-sə-dənt, -ˌdent Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin incident-, incidens, from Latin, present participle of incidere to fall into, from in- + cadere to fall ― more at CHANCE Date: 15th century 1 : something dependent on or subordinate to something else of greater or principal importance He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚.2 a : an occurrence of an action or situation that is a separate unit of experience : HAPPENING b : an accompanying minor occurrence or condition : CONCOMITANT 3 : an action likely to lead to grave consequences especially in diplomatic matters *a serious border incident* synonyms see OCCURRENCE 2incident 2 n. Function: adjective Date: 15th century 1 : occurring or likely to occur especially as a minor consequence or accompaniment *the confusion incident to moving day* the risks incident to the life of a test pilot 试飞员免不了要冒的生命危险 * responsibilities incident upon one as a parent 为父母者自然要承担的责任.2 : dependent on or relating to another thing in law 3 : falling or striking on something *incident light rays*

Answer 266

incinerate v. Pronunciation: in-'si-nə-ˌrāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Medieval Latin incineratus, past participle of incinerare, from Latin in- + ciner-, cinis ashes; akin to Greek konis dust, ashes Date: 1555 : to cause to burn to ashes –incineration \-ˌsi-nə-'rā-shən\ noun

Answer 267

incommensurate adj. Pronunciation: -'men(t)s-rət, -'men(t)sh-; -'men(t)-sə-, -shə- Function: adjective Date: 1650 : not commensurate: as a : INCOMMENSURABLE b : INADEQUATE c : DISPROPORTIONATE *a confidence incommensurate with their ability* His abilities are incommensurate to the task. 他的能力和他担负的任务不相称.

Answer 268

: not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE *an ineluctable fate* –ineluctability \-ˌlək-tə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –ineluctably \-'lək-tə-blē\ adverb

Answer 269

1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT *inept at sports* 2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH 3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree *an inept metaphor* an inept remark 不当的言语.4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING *inept leadership* synonyms see AWKWARD –ineptly \-'nep(t)-lē\ adverb –ineptness \-nəs\ noun ineptitude / ɪ`neptɪtjuːd; US -tuːd; ɪnˋɛptə,tud/ n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等.ineptly adv.

Answer 270

inert adj. Pronunciation: i-'nərt Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inert-, iners unskilled, idle, from in- + art-, ars skill ― more at ARM Date: 1647 1 : lacking the power to move She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质.2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层.3 : deficient in active properties especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action synonyms see INACTIVE –inert noun –inertly adverb

Answer 271

infantry n. Pronunciation: 'in-fən-trē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -tries Etymology: Middle French &Old Italian; Middle French infanterie, from Old Italian infanteria, from infante boy, foot soldier, from Latin infant-, infans Date: 1579 1 a : soldiers trained, armed, and equipped to fight on foot b : a branch of an army composed of these soldiers 2 : an infantry regiment or division

Answer 272

1infatuate 1 v. Pronunciation: in-'fa-chə-wət, -chü-ət Function: adjective Date: 15th century : being in an infatuated state or condition 2infatuate 2 Pronunciation: -ˌwāt, -ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Latin infatuatus, past participle of infatuare, from in- + fatuus fatuous Date: 1533 1 : to cause to be foolish : deprive of sound judgment 2 : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration –infatuation \-ˌfa-chə-'wā-shən, -chü-'ā-\ noun infatuated / ɪn`fætʃueɪtɪd; ɪnˋfætʃʊetɪd/ adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋着的,（通常指）痴情的: It's no use talking to him: he's completelyinfatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事.* infatuation / ɪn,fætʃu`eɪʃn; ɪn,fætʃʊˋeʃən/ n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.

Answer 273

inexorable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'neks-rə-bəl, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-rə- Function: adjective Etymology: Latin inexorabilis, from in- + exorabilis pliant, from exorare to prevail upon, from ex- + orare to speak ― more at ORATION Date: 1542 : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS *inexorable progress* inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求﹑ 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展 –inexorability \(ˌ)i-ˌneks-rə-'bi-lə-tē, -ˌnek-sə-, -ˌneg-zə-\ noun –inexorableness \-'neks-rə-bəl-nəs, -'nek-sə-, -'neg-zə-\ noun –inexorably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 274

``` infelicitous adj. Pronunciation: ˌin-fi-'li-sə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1835 : not felicitous: as a : not appropriate or well-timed *an infelicitous remark* b : AWKWARD, UNFORTUNATE *an infelicitous moment* –infelicitously adverb ```

Answer 275

``` 1ingrain 1 n. Variant: also engrain Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'grān Function: transitive verb Date: circa 1641 : to work indelibly into the natural texture or mental or moral constitution synonyms see INFUSE 2ingrain 2 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrān Function: adjective Date: 1766 1 a : made of fiber that is dyed before being spun into yarn b : made of yarn that is dyed before being woven or knitted 2 : thoroughly worked in : INNATE 3ingrain 3 n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrān Function: noun Date: 1899 : innate quality or character ``` ``` ingrained adj. Variant: also engrained Pronunciation: 'in-ˌgrānd, (ˌ)in-' Function: adjective Date: 1599 1 : worked into the grain or fiber 2 : forming a part of the essence or inmost being : DEEP-SEATED *ingrained prejudice* –ingrainedly also engrainedly \'in-ˌgrā-nəd-lē, 'in-ˌgrānd-lē, (ˌ)in-'\ adverb ```

Answer 276

ingratiate v. Pronunciation: in-'grā-shē-ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: 2in- + Latin gratia grace Date: 1621 : to gain favor or favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort ― usually used with with *ingratiate themselves with the community leaders ― William Attwood* –ingratiation \-ˌgrā-shē-'ā-shən\ noun –ingratiatory \-'grā-sh(ē-)ə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective camouflage:deception＝flattery:ingratiating伪装是为了欺骗＝谄媚是为了逢迎ingratiating:win favor＝disingenuous:deceive讨好为了得到别人的好感＝虚伪为了欺骗"

Answer 277

inimitable adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)i-'ni-mə-tə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin inimitabilis, from in- + imitabilis imitable Date: 15th century : not capable of being imitated : MATCHLESS *her own inimitable style* –inimitableness noun –inimitably \-blē\ adverb

Answer 278

``` iniquitous adj. Pronunciation: i-'ni-kwə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1726 : characterized by iniquity an iniquitous system of taxationsynonyms see VICIOUS –iniquitously adverb –iniquitousness noun ```

Answer 279

``` Pronunciation: i-'ni-kwə-təs Function: adjective Date: 1726 : characterized by iniquity an iniquitous system of taxationsynonyms see VICIOUS –iniquitously adverb –iniquitousness noun ``` iniquity n. Pronunciation: -kwə-tē Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -ties Etymology: Middle English iniquite, from Anglo-French iniquité, from Latin iniquitat-, iniquitas, from iniquus uneven, from in- + aequus equal Date: 14th century 1 : gross injustice : WICKEDNESS 2 : a wicked act or thing : SIN VICIOUS, VILLAINOUS, INIQUITOUS, NEFARIOUS, CORRUPT, DEGENERATE mean highly reprehensible or offensive in character, nature, or conduct. VICIOUS may directly oppose virtuous in implying moral depravity, or may connote malignancy, cruelty, or destructive violence *a vicious gangster*. VILLAINOUS applies to any evil, depraved, or vile conduct or characteristic *a villainous assault*. INIQUITOUS implies absence of all signs of justice or fairness *an iniquitous system of taxation*. NEFARIOUS suggests flagrant breaching of time-honored laws and traditions of conduct *the nefarious rackets of organized crime*. CORRUPT stresses a loss of moral integrity or probity causing betrayal of principle or sworn obligations *city hall was rife with corrupt politicians*. DEGENERATE suggests having sunk to an especially vicious or enervated condition *a degenerate regime propped up by foreign powers*.

Answer 280

1initiate 1 n. Pronunciation: i-'ni-shē-ˌāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -ated ; -ating Etymology: Late Latin initiatus, past participle of initiare, from Latin, to induct, from initium Date: 1533 1 : to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going *initiate a program of reform* *enzymes that initiate fermentation* 2 : to induct into membership by or as if by special rites initiate sb into a religious sect, secret society, etc 介绍某人加入某教派﹑ 秘密会社等.3 : to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something : INTRODUCE an older woman who had initiated him into the mysteries of love 让他初尝云雨情的年长女子.synonyms see BEGIN –initiator \-ˌā-tər\ noun 2initiate 2 n. Pronunciation: i-'ni-sh(ē-)ət Function: adjective Date: 1537 1 a : initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office) b : instructed in some secret knowledge 2 obsolete : relating to an initiate 3initiate 3 n. Pronunciation: i-'ni-sh(ē-)ət Function: noun Date: 1811 1 : a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation 2 : a person who is instructed or adept in some special field the initiated / ɪ`nɪʃɪeɪtɪd; ɪˋnɪʃɪ,etɪd/ n [pl v] people who share special knowledge, secrets, etc known only to a few 掌握仅为少数人知道的专门知识和秘密的人: the government's secret defence committee, known to the initiated as DefCom 政府的秘密防御委员会, 知情人都称之为DefCom.initiation / ɪ,nɪʃɪ`eɪʃn; ɪ,nɪʃɪˋeʃən/ n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) bringing sth into effect; starting 开始实施; 开始; 创始; 发起: the initiation of an investigation 调查的开始. 2 ~ (into sth) initiating or being initiated (into sth) 入会; 加入, 被接纳加入（某事物）: [attrib 作定语] an initiation ceremony 入会仪式.

Answer 281

injunction n. Pronunciation: in-'jəŋ(k)-shən Function: noun Etymology: Middle English injunccion, from Anglo-French &Late Latin; Anglo-French enjunxion, from Late Latin injunction-, injunctio, from Latin injungere to enjoin ― more at ENJOIN Date: 15th century 1 : the act or an instance of enjoining : ORDER, ADMONITION 2 : a writ granted by a court of equity whereby one is required to do or to refrain from doing a specified act The government has sought an injunction preventing the paper from publishing the story. 政府已申请禁制令, 禁止该报发表此事. –injunctive \-'jəŋ(k)-tiv\ adjective

Answer 282

inkling n. Pronunciation: 'iŋ-kliŋ Function: noun Etymology: Middle English yngkiling whisper, mention, probably from inclen to hint at; akin to Old English inca suspicion Date: 1513 1 : a slight indication or suggestion : HINT, CLUE *there was no path—no inkling even of a track ― New Yorker* 2 : a slight knowledge or vague notion *had not the faintest inkling of what it was all about ― H. W. Carter* Can you give me some inkling of what is going on? 现在有什麽情况, 你能告诉我一点儿吗? * The first inkling I had that all was not well was when the share prices began to fall. 股票价格一跌落, 我就开始察觉到情况有些不妙.

Answer 283

innocuous adj. Pronunciation: i-'nä-kyə-wəs Function: adjective Etymology: Latin innocuus, from in- + nocēre Date: 1598 1 : producing no injury : HARMLESS 2 : not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID –innocuously adverb –innocuousness noun placebo:innocuous＝salve:unctuous＝venom:noxious安慰剂是无毒的＝油膏剂是油质的＝毒液是有毒的

Answer 284

innuendo n. Pronunciation: ,ɪnjuː`endəu; ,ɪnjʊˋɛndo Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -dos or -does Etymology: Latin, by nodding, from innuere to nod to, make a sign to, from in- + nuere to nod; akin to Latin nutare to nod ― more at NUMEN Date: 1678 1 a : an oblique allusion : HINT, INSINUATION especially : a veiled or equivocal reflection on character or reputation b : the use of such allusions *resorting to innuendo* There have been too many unpleasant innuendoes in this debate and not enough facts. 在这场辩论中据实而争者少, 含沙射影者多, 令人生厌. * He had been subject to a campaign of innuendo in the press. 他一直受到新闻界指桑骂槐的影射.2 : a parenthetical explanation introduced into the text of a legal document

Answer 285

inoculate v. Pronunciation: i-'nä-kyə-ˌlāt Function: transitive verb Inflected Form: -lated ; -lating Etymology: Middle English, to insert a bud in a plant, from Latin inoculatus, past participle of inoculare, from in- + oculus eye, bud ― more at EYE Date: 1721 1 a : to introduce a microorganism into *inoculate mice with anthrax* *beans inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria* b : to introduce (as a microorganism) into a suitable situation for growth c : to introduce immunologically active material (as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease *inoculate children against diphtheria* 2 : to introduce something into the mind of 3 : to protect as if by inoculation synonyms see INFUSE –inoculative \-ˌlā-tiv\ adjective –inoculator \-ˌlā-tər\ noun

Answer 286

inordinate adj. Pronunciation: in-'ȯr-dən-ət, -'ȯrd-nət Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English inordinat, from Latin inordinatus, from in- + ordinatus, past participle of ordinare to arrange ― more at ORDAIN Date: 14th century 1 archaic : DISORDERLY, UNREGULATED 2 : exceeding reasonable limits : IMMODERATE the inordinate demands of the tax collector 税收员过分的要求 * inordinate delays 过分的拖延.synonyms see EXCESSIVE –inordinately adverb –inordinateness noun

Answer 287

inroad n. Pronunciation: 'in-ˌrōd Function: noun Date: 1548 1 : a sudden hostile incursion : RAID inroads into enemy territory 突袭敌国领土2 : an advance or penetration often at the expense of someone or something ― usually used in plural Hospital bills had made deep inroads into her savings. 住院的花销用去她一大笔积蓄. * Already the children had made considerable inroads on the food. 孩子们早已吃掉不少食物.

Answer 288

inscrutable adj. Pronunciation: in-'skrü-tə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Late Latin inscrutabilis, from Latin in- + scrutari to search ― more at SCRUTINY Date: 15th century : not readily investigated, interpreted, or understood : MYSTERIOUS *an inscrutable smile* *inscrutable motives* –inscrutability \-ˌskrü-tə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –inscrutableness \-'skrü-tə-bəl-nəs\ noun –inscrutably \-blē\ adverb incorrigible:reformed＝inscrutable:understood难以纠正的无法被纠正＝不可思议的无法被理解"

Answer 289

Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'sen-ˌsāt, -sət Function: adjective Etymology: Late Latin insensatus, from Latin in- + Late Latin sensatus having sense, from Latin sensus sense Date: 15th century 1 : lacking sense or understanding also : FOOLISH 2 : lacking animate awareness or sensation ex: insensate rocks 顽石.3 : lacking humane feeling : BRUTAL insensate rage, cruelty, etc 无理性的狂怒﹑ 残忍等 –insensately adverb

Answer 290

insentient adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'sen(t)-sh(ē-)ənt Function: adjective Date: 1764 : lacking perception, consciousness, or animation –insentience \-sh(ē-)ən(t)s\ noun

Answer 291

insidious adj. Pronunciation: in-'si-dē-əs Function: adjective Etymology: Latin insidiosus, from insidiae ambush, from insidēre to sit in, sit on, from in- + sedēre to sit ― more at SIT Date: 1545 1 a : awaiting a chance to entrap : TREACHEROUS b : harmful but enticing : SEDUCTIVE *insidious drugs* 2 a : having a gradual and cumulative effect : SUBTLE *the insidious pressures of modern life* b of a disease : developing so gradually as to be well established before becoming apparent ex: an insidious disease 潜伏的疾病 * insidious jealousy 暗暗产生的忌妒. –insidiously adverb –insidiousness noun

Answer 292

insignia n. Pronunciation: in-'sig-nē-ə Variant: also insigne \-(ˌ)nē\ Function: noun Inflected Form: plural -nia or -nias Etymology: Latin insignia, plural of insigne mark, badge, from neuter of insignis marked, distinguished, from in- + signum mark ― more at SIGN Date: 1648 1 : a badge of authority or honor 2 : a distinguishing mark or sign

Answer 293

insoluble adj. Pronunciation: (ˌ)in-'säl-yə-bəl Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English insolible, from Latin insolubilis, from in- + solvere to free, dissolve ― more at SOLVE Date: 14th century : not soluble: as a archaic : INDISSOLUBLE b : having or admitting of no solution or explanation *an insoluble problem* c : incapable of being dissolved in a liquid and especially water also : soluble only with difficulty or to a slight degree –insolubility \-ˌsäl-yə-'bi-lə-tē\ noun –insoluble noun –insolubleness \-'säl-yə-bəl-nəs\ noun –insolubly \-blē\ adverb

Answer 294

insouciance n. Pronunciation: in-'sü-sē-ən(t)s, an-süs-'yäns Function: noun Etymology: French, from in- + soucier to trouble, disturb, from Old French, from Latin sollicitare ― more at SOLICIT Date: 1799 : lighthearted unconcern : NONCHALANCE –insouciant \in-'sü-sē-ənt, an-süs-yän\ adjective –insouciantly \in-'sü-sē-ənt-lē\ adverb

Answer 295

nonchalant adj. Pronunciation: -'länt, -ˌlänt, -lənt Function: adjective Etymology: French, from Old French, from present participle of nonchaloir to disregard, from non- + chaloir to concern, from Latin calēre to be warm ― more at LEE Date: circa 1734 : having an air of easy unconcern or indifference synonyms see COOL –nonchalantly adverb

Answer 296

``` instate v. Pronunciation: in-'stāt Function: transitive verb Date: 1603 1 obsolete a : INVEST, ENDOW b : BESTOW, CONFER 2 : to set or establish in a rank or office : INSTALL ```

Answer 297

instill v. Pronunciation: in-'stil Function: transitive verb Etymology: Middle English, from Latin instillare, from in- + stillare to drip, from stilla drop Date: 15th century 1 : to cause to enter drop by drop *instill medication into the infected eye* 2 : to impart gradually *instilling a love of learning in children* synonyms see IMPLANT –instillation \ˌin(t)-stə-'lā-shən, -(ˌ)sti-\ noun –instiller \in-'sti-lər\ noun

Answer 298

INCITE, INSTIGATE, ABET, FOMENT mean to spur to action. INCITE stresses a stirring up and urging on, and may or may not imply initiating *inciting a riot*. INSTIGATE definitely implies responsibility for initiating another's action and often connotes underhandedness or evil intention *instigated a conspiracy*. ABET implies both assisting and encouraging *aiding and abetting the enemy*. FOMENT implies persistence in goading *fomenting rebellion*.

GRE 5 Flashcards

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