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GRE Quantitative > GRE math vocab > Flashcards

GRE math vocab Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What are integers?

A

Whole numbers (positive, negative, and zero) without fractions or decimals.

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2
Q

What does divisibility mean?

A

A number is divisible by another if the result is a whole number with no remainder.

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3
Q

Define factorization.

A

Writing a number as a product of its factors.

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4
Q

What are prime numbers?

A

Numbers greater than 1 with only two factors: 1 and itself.

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5
Q

What are remainders?

A

What’s left after division when a number doesn’t divide evenly.

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6
Q

How do you differentiate between odd and even integers?

A

Even numbers are divisible by 2; odd numbers are not.

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7
Q

What is a quotient?

A

The result of division.

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8
Q

What does LCF stand for?

A

Least Common Factor.

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9
Q

What is the GCD?

A

Greatest Common Divisor; the largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.

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10
Q

Define exponents.

A

Repeated multiplication of a number by itself (e.g., 2³ = 2 × 2 × 2).

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11
Q

What are roots in mathematics?

A

The inverse of exponents (e.g., √9 = 3).

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12
Q

What is estimation?

A

Approximating a value.

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13
Q

What does percent mean?

A

A ratio out of 100 (e.g., 25% = 25/100).

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14
Q

Define ratio.

A

Comparison of two quantities (e.g., 3:2).

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15
Q

What is a rate?

A

A ratio with different units (e.g., miles per hour).

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16
Q

What is absolute value?

A

The distance of a number from zero on the number line (e.g., |–5| = 5).

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17
Q

What is a number line?

A

A visual representation of numbers in order.

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18
Q

What is decimal representation?

A

Numbers expressed with a decimal point (e.g., 0.75).

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19
Q

What are sequences of numbers?

A

Ordered lists of numbers following a specific pattern.

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20
Q

What are operations with exponents?

A

Rules for multiplying, dividing, and raising powers (e.g., a² × a³ = a⁵).

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21
Q

Define factoring in algebra.

A

Rewriting an expression as a product of simpler expressions (e.g., x² – 9 = (x – 3)(x + 3)).

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22
Q

What does simplifying expressions involve?

A

Combining like terms and reducing expressions.

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23
Q

What are relations and functions?

A

A relation pairs inputs with outputs; a function has exactly one output for each input.

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24
Q

What are equations and inequalities?

A

Mathematical statements showing equality (e.g., 2x = 6) or inequality (e.g., x > 3).

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25
What are linear equations?
Equations of the form y = mx + b (graph is a straight line). is an equation involving one or more variables in which each term in the equation is either a constant term or a variable multiplied by a coefficient.
26
What are quadratic equations?
Equations involving x², often in the form ax² + bx + c = 0.
27
What are simultaneous equations?
Systems with two or more equations to solve together.
28
What is coordinate geometry?
Geometry using (x, y) coordinates to plot graphs.
29
What are graphs of functions/equations?
Visual representations on a coordinate plane.
30
What are intercepts?
Points where a graph crosses the axes (x-intercept and y-intercept).
31
What are slopes of lines?
Measure of steepness; rise over run.
32
What defines parallel and perpendicular lines?
Parallel lines never meet; perpendicular lines intersect at 90°.
33
What characterizes circles?
All points are equidistant from the center.
34
What are the types of triangles?
* Isosceles: Two equal sides * Equilateral: All three sides and angles are equal * 30°-60°-90° Triangle: A special right triangle with fixed ratios.
35
What are quadrilaterals?
Four-sided figures (e.g., square, rectangle, trapezoid).
36
What are polygons?
Multi-sided shapes with straight sides.
37
What are congruent figures?
Same size and shape.
38
What are similar figures?
Same shape, but different size (angles equal, sides proportional).
39
What are 3D figures?
Solids like spheres, cubes, cylinders.
40
What is area?
The space inside a shape.
41
What is perimeter?
The distance around a shape.
42
What is volume?
The space a 3D object occupies.
43
What is the Pythagorean Theorem?
a² + b² = c² for right triangles.
44
How are angles measured?
Angles measured in degrees (°).
45
What is mean in data analysis?
The average (sum of values ÷ number of values).
46
What is median?
The middle value when data is ordered.
47
What is mode?
The most frequent value(s).
48
What is range?
Difference between the highest and lowest values.
49
What does standard deviation measure?
Measures how spread out numbers are.
50
What is the interquartile range (IQR)?
Middle 50% of the data (Q3 – Q1).
51
What are quartiles/percentiles?
Divide data into equal parts or percent-based groups.
52
What is a line graph?
Shows trends over time.
53
What is a bar graph?
Compares categories.
54
What is a circle (pie) graph?
Shows parts of a whole.
55
What is a boxplot?
Shows distribution using quartiles.
56
What is a scatterplot?
Plots points to show relationships.
57
What is frequency distribution?
Shows how often values occur.
58
What is elementary probability?
Likelihood of events occurring (e.g., 1/6 for rolling a 3 on a die).
59
What are compound events?
Two or more events occurring together.
60
What are independent events?
One event does not affect the other.
61
What is conditional probability?
Probability of one event given another occurred.
62
What are random variables?
Variables whose values are outcomes of random phenomena.
63
What are probability distributions?
Shows probabilities for different outcomes.
64
What is normal distribution?
Bell-shaped curve; mean = median = mode.
65
What are combinations?
Selecting items where order doesn’t matter.
66
What are permutations?
Selecting items where order matters.
67
What are Venn diagrams?
Diagrams showing logical relationships between sets.
68
What is a rational number?
A rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, where p is the numerator and q is the non-zero denominator.
69
True or False: All integers are rational numbers.
True
70
Irrational Number
A number that cannot be expressed as a fraction of two integers.
71
What is the decimal representation of a rational number?
The decimal representation of a rational number either terminates or repeats.
72
what are Real Numbers?
Any number
73
What is a Interval?
Numbers between sets of points such as: 10 all numbers below zero.
74
What is a factor?
A factor of a number is a whole number that divides it evenly (with no remainder). Example: Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
75
What is a divisor?
A divisor is another word for factor — it is a number that divides another number without leaving a remainder. Example: In 20 ÷ 5 = 4, 5 is the divisor.
76
What is a composite number?
A composite number is a whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors (it is not prime). Example: 6 is composite because it has factors 1, 2, 3, and 6. Note: 1 is not composite or prime.
77
What is a numerator?
The numerator is the top number in a fraction. It tells how many parts are being counted.
78
What is a denominator?
The denominator is the bottom number in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into.
79
What is a common denominator? When to use it?
A common denominator is a shared multiple of two or more denominators. You use it to: Add or subtract fractions Compare fractions
80
What is a reciprocal and when would you use it?
A reciprocal is what you get when you flip a fraction (switch numerator and denominator). You use reciprocals when: Dividing fractions: Solving proportion problems or equations involving inverse operations.
81
what is a proportion?
A proportion is an equation that states two ratios are equal.
82
What is a variable?
A variable is a symbol (usually a letter) that stands for an unknown value
83
An algebraic expression is?
An algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase made of numbers, variables, and operations (like +, –, ×, ÷), but no equals sign.
84
What are like terms?
Like terms are terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same powers. Only the coefficients (numbers in front) can be different.
85
What is a constant?
A constant is a fixed number that doesn’t change or vary.
86
What is a polynomial?
A polynomial is an expression made up of one or more terms with variables raised to whole number powers (and no variables in denominators or square roots).
87
What is the degree of a polynomial?
The degree is the highest exponent of the variable(s) in the polynomial.
88
What are identities in algebra?
A statement of equality between two algebraic expressions that is true for all possible values of the variables involved is called an identity.
89
What is an equation?
An equation is a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.

GRE Quantitative (7 decks)

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