green crime

Question 1

what does Beck argue about the global risk society

Answer 1

in today’s society, we can now provide adequate resources for all (in developed countries)
The massive increase in productivity and the technology that sustains it has created manufactured risk
many of these risks include harm, to the environment and its consequences or humanity

Question 2

explain the Mozambique 2010 case study

Answer 2

the global nature of human made risk can produce crime and disorder
in Russia, global warming triggered hottest heatwave in a century causing wildfires that destroyed parts of the country’s grain belt
the resulting shortage led Russia to introduce export bans and pushed up the world price of grain. This knock on effect in Mozambique which is heavily dependent on food imports was a 30% rise in the price of bread. This sparked extensive rioting and looting of food stores that left a dozen dead.

Question 3

traditional criminologists

Answer 3

situ and emmons define environmental crime as an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law. It accepts official definitions of crime and operates within those boundaries.

Question 4

green criminologists

Answer 4

white argues that the proper subject of criminologists is any act that harms the physical environment and / or human and non-human animals. Many of the worst environmental harms are not illegal and therefore subject matter of green criminology is much wider than traditional criminology. Green criminology is a form of transgressive criminology - oversteps boundaries of traditional criminology to include new issues - it is zemiology - the study of harms.

Question 5

what do nation states and transnational corporations adopt?

Answer 5

white calls anthropocentric or human centered view of environmental harm 0 the view assumes that humans have a right to dominate nature.

Question 6

what does white contrast anthropocentrism with?

Answer 6

the ecocentric view that sees human and their environment as interdependent.

Question 7

what two types of green crime did south classify?

Answer 7

primary and secondary green crime

Question 8

give the four types of primary green crime

Answer 8

crimes of air pollution - Walters found that 2x more people die from air pollution induced deaths than 20 years ago
crimes of deforestation - between 1960 - 1990, 1/5 of the world’s tropical rainforest was destroyed
crimes of species decline and animal abuse - 50 species become extinct every day
crimes of water pollution - 25 million people annually die from drinking contaminated water

Question 9

give three types of secondary green crime

Answer 9

state violence against oppositional groups - day - in every case where a government has committed itself to nuclear weapons or nuclear power all those who oppose the policy are treated as enemies of the state
Hazardous waste and organised crime - walters argues that the ocean floor has been a radioactive rubbish dump for decades
environmental discrimination explains the way that poorer groups are worse affected by pollution