Gross Anatomy

Question 1

parietal lobe

Answer 1

integrates sensory information; post central gyrus (primary cortex; sensory strip); superior parietal lobule (association cortex for integration, awareness of sensory info); inferior parietal lobule (angular and superior marginal gyrus–reading and writing); precuneus

Question 2

occipital lobe

Answer 2

vision; secondary visual cortex (primary and association cortices flipped); cuneus; lingual gyrus (visual field); calcarine fissure (separates cuneus & lingual gyrus)

Question 3

temporal lobe

Answer 3

primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s Gyrus); superior, middle, inferior gyri; inferior temporal gyrus; occipotemporal gyrus; Wernicke’s

Question 4

prosencephalon

Answer 4

forebrain: hemispheres, central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus; motor planning and production; personality; Broca’s area; executive functions

Question 5

mesencephalon

Answer 5

midbrain

Question 6

rhomboencephalon

Answer 6

hindbrain (cerebellum)

Question 7

premotor cortex (frontal lobe)

Answer 7

assists in planningq

Question 8

precentral gyrus

Answer 8

primary motor cortex

Question 9

prefrontal cortex

Answer 9

executive functions

Question 10

inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis and triangularis)

Answer 10

Broca’s area

Question 11

primary cortex: primary motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory

Answer 11

recognition: “I see/hear/feel something” (but motor sends out)

Question 12

association cortex: frontal, parietal, temporal, parieto-occipital

Answer 12

perception/interpretation: “It’s a key!”

Question 13

agnosia: tactile, auditory, visual

Answer 13

impairment of association cortex

Question 14

unimodal association cortex

Answer 14

one domain (visual, auditory, somatosensory)

Question 15

multimodal association cortex

Answer 15

parietal association cortex (sharing info)

Question 16

corpus callosum (interhemispheric commissural fibers) features

Answer 16

genu, rostrum, body, splenium

Question 17

limbic system

Answer 17

emotions; old/primitive brain

Question 18

hyothalamus

Answer 18

fight, flight, food, sex, behavior

Question 19

hippocampus

Answer 19

memory

Question 20

cingulate gyrus

Answer 20

upper part of limbic lobe (above corpus callosum)

Question 21

amygdala

Answer 21

if damaged, can’t understand/respond to emotions; very active in PTSD; involved with memory

Question 22

insula

Answer 22

central lobe

Question 23

thalamus

Answer 23

sensory relay; all but olfactory come in; gatekeeper; integrates sensory and motor info.; regulates association areas; nuclei maintain topographic relationship to aff. and eff. systems; connections with basal ganglia, cerebellum, limbic system; right above brainstem

Question 24

pulvinar nucleus

Answer 24

reading, writing, language processing; linguistic pathways with visual pathways and parietal association areas

Question 25

ventral anterior nucleus

Answer 25

relays info from cerebellum and basal ganglia to primary motor cortex; motor coordination, refinement of signal

Question 26

5 thalamic nuclei for language

Answer 26

ventral anterior, medial geniculate body, ventrolateral, lateral geniculate body, pulvinar

Question 27

epithalamus

Answer 27

endocrine and limbic system; habenular nucleus and pineal gland; melatonin

Question 28

subthalamus

Answer 28

contributes to regulation of motor movement and function

Question 29

hypothalamus

Answer 29

maintains homeostasis of autonomic nervous system: heart, breathing, digestion; limbic/endocrine/visceral/neural/hormonic systems; optic chiasm, mamillary bodies, pituitary gland, infundibulum, fornix; regulates fear and food intake; circadian rhythms

Question 30

internal capsule

Answer 30

white matter tracts that link diencephalon and cerebrum; between basal ganglia and thalamus

Question 31

mesencephalon

Answer 31

telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon (thalamus, limbic system); conduit for ascending and descending tracts above internal capsule; houses all cranial nerve nuclei except I and II; respiration and heart and consciousness; not volitional; sup. and inf. colliculi; cerebral aqueduct here

Question 32

mesencephalon parts

Answer 32

tectum, tegmentum, basis

Question 33

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Answer 33

metencephalon and myolencephalon; pons (bridge from cerebellum to brainstem); through middle cerebellar peduncle; origin of trigeminal nerve; floor of 4th ventricle

Question 34

rhombencephalon parts

Answer 34

pontine tegmentum and basilar pons

Question 35

cerebellum

Answer 35

3 cerebellar peduncles: superior, middle, inferior; super highway; coordination of movement; 3 lobes: anterior, posterior, flocculonodular (underneath); arbor vitae; midline vermis divides hemisphere; ipsilateral; motor learning by modifying patterns; vestibular and posture part

Question 36

superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 36

efferent: output to red nucleus, then thalamus, reticular formation, spinal cord

Question 37

middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 37

afferent: input from brainstem and cortex

Question 38

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 38

input from spinal cord, brainstem, vestibular system

Question 39

myelencephalon

Answer 39

medullar oblongata; olives, pyramids; CN IX, X, XI, XII

Question 40

study all -cephalons

Answer 40

and diagrams