Gross Anatomy Exam 2 Gluteal Region

Question 1

Name the gluteal ligaments

Answer 1

Sacro-iliac ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
scarospinous ligament

Question 2

Gluteus Maximus
Origin and Insertion

Answer 2

Origin - Thoracolumbar fascia, latero-posterior surface if the sacrum and to coccyx, gluteal surface of the illium, sacrotuberus ligament

insertion - iliotibal tract, gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Question 3

Gluteus Maximus
Innervation and action

Answer 3

Innervation - Inferior gluteal n.

Action - Hip extensor, externa; rotation of thigh, abduction (superior part), adduction (inferior part)

Question 4

Name the three gluteal bursea and where they are/what they do

Answer 4

Trochanteric - seperates glute max from greater trochanter

Gluteal femoral - seperates IT band from vastus lateralis

Ischial - seperates inferior part of glute max from the ischial tuberosity

Question 5

Gluteus medius
Origin and Insertion

Answer 5

Origin - Gluteal surface of the illium

Insertion - Lateral aspet of the greater trochanter

Question 6

Gluteus medius
Action and innervation

Answer 6

Action - abduction at hip, stabilize pelvis

Innervation - Superior gluteal n.

Question 7

Gluteus minimus
Origin and Insertion

Answer 7

Origin - Gluteal surface of ilium

Insertion - Anterior aspect of the greater throchanter

Question 8

Gluteus minimus
Action and Innervation

Answer 8

Action - Thigh abduction and internal rotation, Stablize pelvis

Innervation - Superior gluteal n.

Question 9

Tensor fascia latae
Origin and insertion

Answer 9

Origin - outer lip of anterior iliac crest, anterior iliac spine

Insertion - Into IT tract which inserts on the lateral prominence of the proximal tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)

Question 10

Tensor fascia latae
Action and innervation

Answer 10

Action - Tightens IT band, Extensor, abductor, and lateral rotator of the leg at the knee joint

Innveration - Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Piriformis
Origin and Insertion

Answer 11

Origin - Anterior surface of sacrum; gluteal surface of ilium

Insertion - Apex of greater trochanter

Question 12

Piriformis
Action and innervation

Answer 12

Action - Thigh external rotation; thigh abduction; stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum

Innervation - Nerve to the piriformis

Question 13

Obturator internus
Origin and Insertion

Answer 13

Origin - Posterior surface of the obturator membrane, Bony boundaries of the obturator foramen

Insertion - Medial surface of the greater trochanter

Question 14

Obturator internus
Action and innervation

Answer 14

Action - External roation of extended thigh, abduction and stabilization at hip joint

Innervation - Nerve to obturator internus

Question 15

Gemellus superior
Origin and insertion

Answer 15

Origin - Ischial spine

Insertion - Medial surface of greater throchanter (via tendon to obturator internus)

Question 16

gemellus superior
Action and innervation

Answer 16

Action - External rotation and abduction at hip joint, stabilization of head of femur in the acetabulum

Innervation - Nerve to obturator internus

Question 17

Gemellus inferior
Origin and insertion

Answer 17

Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Medial surface of greater trochanter (via tendon to obturator internus)

Question 18

Gemellus inferior
Action and innervation

Answer 18

Action - external rotation and abduction at hip joint, Stabilization of head of femur in acetabulum

Innervation - Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 19

Quadratus femoris
Origin and insertion

Answer 19

Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 20

Quadratus femoris
Action and innervation

Answer 20

Action - Thigh external rotation at hip joint, Stabilization of femur in acetabulum

Innervation - Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 21

Obturator externus
Origin and insertion

Answer 21

Origin - Anterior surface of the obturator membrane and bony boundaries of obturator foramen

Insertion - Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 22

Obturator externus
Action and innervation

Answer 22

Action - Adduction of hip and stabilization of femur in acetabulum

Innervation - Obturator nerve

Question 23

What are the roots of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 23

L4-S3

Question 24

Common casues of Piriformis syndrome

Answer 24

Hypertrophy, inflammation, sciatic nerve irritation or entrapment

Question 25

Piriformis predipostions

Answer 25

Trauma, excessive exercise, narrowed sciatic foramen, leg length discrepancy

Question 26

Sciatica common causes

Answer 26

Herniated disc, trauma, lumabr spian; stenosis (narrowing of spianl canal), spinal tumor

Question 27

Sciatica treatment

Answer 27

Physical therapy, medicaitons, ice-packs, anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 28

what is the only deep muscle of the posterior thigh?

Answer 28

Semimembranosus

Question 29

All the posterior thigh mucles originate from the ____ except the____

Answer 29

Originate from the ischial tuberosity except the biceps femoris short head

Question 30

Biceps femoris Origin and insertion

Answer 30

Origin Long head- Ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament Short head - lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line of the femur Insertion - Head of the fibula, lateral collateral ligament, and lateral tibial condyle

Question 31

Biceps femoris Action and innervation

Answer 31

Action - Thigh extension, thigh external rotation (only long head) Knee joint: lef flexion, leg external rotation; stabilizes pelvis Innervation - Long - Tibial division of sciatic n. Short - Common fibular division of sciatic n.

Question 32

Semitendinosus Origin and insertion

Answer 32

Origin - Ischial tuberosity Insertion - Pes anserinus (proximomedial tibia)

Question 33

Semitendinosus Action and innervation

Answer 33

Action - Thigh extention, thigh internal rotation, leg flexion, leg internal rotation (at knee)

Question 34

Semimembranosus Origin and insertion

Answer 34

Origin - Ischial tuberosity Insertion - medial condyle of the tibia

Question 35

Semimembranosus Action and innervation

Answer 35

Action - Thigh extension and interna; rotation Flexion and internal rotation of leg at knee joint Stabilizes pelvis Innervation - Tibial division of sciatic n.

Question 36

Superior gluteal nerves roots

Answer 36

L4, L5, S1

Question 37

Inferior gluteal nerves roots

Answer 37

L5, S1, S2

Question 38

Sciatic nerves roots

Answer 38

L4-L5, S1, S2, S3

Question 39

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervation?

Answer 39

Gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

Question 40

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 40

Gluteus maximus

Question 41

Blood supply flow of the gluteal region

Answer 41

Common iliac > internal iliac > superior gluteal artery > inferior gluteal artery > internal pudendal artery

Question 42

Blood drainage of gluteal region

Answer 42

Superior gluteal v. > inferior gluteal v. Internal pudendal v. > internal iliac v. > common iliac v. > IVC

Question 43

What is Trochanteruc bursitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of trochanteric bursa at the greater trochanter

Question 44

Casues and symptoms of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 44

Causes - Repetitive actions Symptoms - Diffuse pain when walking, cycling, rowing, standinf, running

Question 45

Treatments of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 45

Anti-inflammatory meds Ice Physcial therapy Weight loss

Question 46

what is Ischial bursitis?

Answer 46

Swelling or inflammation of the bursae. results in excessive friction between the ischial bursae and the ischial tuberosities

Question 47

Causes and symptoms of ischial bursitis

Answer 47

Causes - Recurrent microtrauma from repeated actions Symptoms - Diffuse pain when sitting, walking, stretching, running

Question 48

Ischial bursitis treatments

Answer 48

Stretching, anti-inflammatory meds, ice, resting from activities inducing the problem

Question 49

Hamstring injuries causes

Answer 49

Pulled of torn hamstring Pulling of any of the hamstring muscles (sports,runners, dancers); poor flexibility

Question 50

Hamstring injuries symptoms and treatment

Answer 50

symptoms - sudden, sharp pain in the back of the thigh; swelling or tenderness; bruising; inability to put weight on affected area Treatments - Anti-inflammatory meds, Ice, resting from activites inducing the problem, keeping injured leg at an elevated level to improve drainage and reduce swelling surgical repair

Question 51

What does the Trendelenburg test test?

Answer 51

Injury to the superior gluteal n.

Question 52

What does a postive trendelenburg test look like and indicate?

Answer 52

A positive test while show significant hip drop when standing on one foot. The side that has the raised foot will have hip drop. this indicates that the gluteus medius and minimus on the oppisite side are not working to stablize the pelvis.

Question 53

How can an injury to the sciatic nerve occur?

Answer 53

Compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle; stab wounds; incisions

Question 54

What does a sciatic nerve injury cause impairment of?

Answer 54

extension of the thigh at the hip joint Flexion of the leg loss of ankle and foot movements