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Anatomy > gross anatomy exam 2 part 1 > Flashcards

gross anatomy exam 2 part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the flat muscles of the adominal wall

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse adominus

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2
Q

Name the vertical muscles of the adominal wall

A

rectus abdominis, Pyramidalis muscles

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3
Q

External Oblique origin and insertion and direction of fibers

A

Origin - Ribs 5-12

Insertion - Linea alba, iliac creast, pubic tubercle (fibers interdigiate with those of the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

fibers run inferomedially

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4
Q

External oblique actions and innervation

A

Actions -
Bilateral contraction: truck flexion, compression of abdominal viscera, helps in forced expiration

Unilateral contration: Trunk lateral flexion (Ipsilateral), trunk rotation (contralateral)

Innervation - Thoracoabdominal nn. and subcostal nerve (T12)

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5
Q

Internal oblique origin, insertion, and fiber direction

A

Origin - thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

Insertion - ribs 10-12, linea abla, pubis

fibers run superiomedially

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6
Q

Interal oblique action and innervation

A

Actions -
Bilateral: Compresses the abdomen
Unilateral: Ipsilaterally rotates the torso

Innervation - Thoracoabdominal nn.
Subcostal n. (T12)
Ilioinguinal n.

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7
Q

Transversus abdominis
Origin, insertion

A

Origin - Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, costal cartilages 7-12

Insertion - Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest

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8
Q

Transversis abdominis
action, innervation

A

Actions -
Bilateral: compresses the abdominsl viscera

Unilateral: Trunk roatation (ipsilateral)

Innervation - Thoracoabdominal nn.
Subcostal n. (T 12)
ilioinguinal n.

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9
Q

Rectus abdominus
Origin, insertion

A

Origin - Crest of the pubis

Insertion - Xiphoid process, Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

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10
Q

Rectus abdominis
Actions, innervation

A

Actions - Compresses the abdominal viscera, stabilizes the pelivs during walking, and depresses the ribs

Innervation - Thoracoabdominal nn.

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11
Q

Pyramidalis
Origin, insertion

A

Origin - Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Insertion - Linea alba

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12
Q

Pyramidalis
Actions, innervation

A

Actions - Acts to tense the linea alba

Innervation - Subcostal n. (T 12)

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13
Q

Cremaster muscle

Attatchments

A

Lateral part - Derived from the lower fibers of the transversus abdominis muscle or the interna; oblique muscle and inguinal ligament

Medial part - Originates from the pubic tubercle and lateral part of the pubic crest

Merdial and lateral cords fuse and cover the spermatic cord

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14
Q

Cremaster muscle
insertion

A

Upon entering the scrotum, cremaster forms a thin network of muscle fascicles that insert onto the inferior aspect of tunica vaginalis, a serous membrane that covers the testes

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15
Q

Cremaster muscle
Actions and innervation

A

Action - Retraction of testis during ejaculation

Innervation - Genital branch of the genitalfemoral n.

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16
Q

If the IVC is obstructed blood flows through the _____ to reach the ____

A

If the IVC is obstructed, blood flows through the inferior epigastric vein to reach the SVC

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17
Q

If the _____ is occluded, blood flow throuhg the _____ to reach the lower body

A

If the aorta is occluded, blood flows through the superior epigastric aa. to reach the lower body

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18
Q

Superior epigastric a. Originates from the ___

A

Internal thoracic a.

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19
Q

The inferior epigastric a. originates from the ___

A

external iliac a.

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20
Q

The superficial epigastic veins are embedded in the ___

A

Camper’s fascia

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21
Q

The paraumbilical veins drain into the ____ that takes blood to the ___

A

The paraumbilical veins drain into the portal vein that takes blood to the liver

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22
Q

The superfical epigastric veins are cutaneous veins that drain the anterior abdominal wall into the _____ and ______ veins

A

Femoral and paraumbilical veins

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23
Q

What are the causes of hernias of the abdominal wall?

A

Weakness of a preexisting opening in muscle or connective tissue from a traumatic injury or surgery, or more often, a repetitive stress injury; age

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24
Q

The deep (internal) inguinal ring is created by the ____ and what part of the inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia

Beginning of inuinal canal

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25
The superficial (external) inguinal ring is formed by the envagination of the ___ which forms covering of the inguinal canal contents. It also marks the ____ of the inguinal canal
Formed by the envagination of the external oblique marks the end of the canal
26
What are the contents of the inguinal canal that males and females share?
Genital branch of the genitofemoral n. Ilioinguinal n.
27
Contents of female inguinal canal?
-Round ligament of the uterus - Gential branch of genitofemoral n. - ilioinguinal n.
28
Contens of male inguinal canal?
-Spermatic cord -Testicular vessels -vas deferens - genital branch of genitofemoral n. - ilioinguinal n.
29
Borders of the inguinal triangle/ Hesselbach's Triangle and contents
Medial - Lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle Lateral - Inferior epigastric vessels Inferior - Inguinal ligament Contents - Layers of the abdominal wall
30
Anatomical significance of the inguinal triangle or hesselbach's triangle
demarcates an area of potential weakness in the abdominal wall (herniation of the abdominal contents)
31
Order of drainage for anterior leg
Digital veins Dorsal venous arch Great saphenous vein Femoral veins Deep femoral vein Femoral vein
32
Order of drainage for posterior leg
Plantar venous arch small saphenous vein popliteal vein Femoral vein anterior and posterior (into popliteal vein too?) Tibial veins
33
Boundaries of femoral triangle
Lateral border - Medial border of sartorius m. Medial - Medial border of adductor longus m. Superior - Inguinal ligament
34
Contents of femoral triangle
Femoral n. Femoral sheath (contains femoral v. & a. as well as the femoral canal (medial compartment) which contains fat and deep lymph nodes) (does not contain nerve)
35
what is the most commonly fractured part of the femur and type of fracture
the neck transcervical and intertrochanteric (bad fall)
36
What aa. supply the head of the femur?
Mainly retinacular aa. but obturator a. contributes
37
What aa. does the retinacular aa. arise from
Medial and Lateral Circumflex
38
What are the actions of the iliotibial tract
hip extension, abduction, lateral rotation
39
Tensor fascia lata origin, insertion
Origins - iliac crest Insertion - into the ilitibial tract and lateral prominence of the proximal tibia (Gerdy's tubercle)
40
Tensor fascia lata action and innervation
Actions - Tightens the IT band - is an extensor, abductor, and lateral rotator of the leg at the knee joint Innervation - Superior gluteal n.
41
Sartorius origin and insertion
Origin - Anterior supieror iliac spine Insertion - Superior, medial surface of the tibia
42
Sartorius action and innervation
Action - Flexor and lateral rotator of the hip joint - Flexor at knee joint innervation - Femoral n.
43
Pectineus Origin and insertion
Origin - Superior ramus of pubis Insertion - pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
44
Pectineus action and innervation
Action - Adducts and flexes the thigh Innervation - Femoral n.
45
iliopsoas made of?
iliacus and psoas major and minor
46
Iliopsoas origin and insertion
Origin iliacus - (broad lateral part) iliac fossa Psoas major and minor - (long medial part) lumbar vertebrae Insertion - Lesser trochanter of femur (psoas minor - pectineal line)
47
Iliopsoas actions and innervations
Actions - Chief flexor of the thigh at the hip joint innervation - - Psoas major - anterior rami of L1-3 -iliacus - femoral n.
48
Rectus femoris "kicking muscle" origin and insertion
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion - Common tendon and independent attachments to base of petella - indirectly via petellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
49
Rectus femoris action and innervation
Action - Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint Innervation - Femoral n.
50
Vastus lateralis Action and innervation
Action - Extends leg at knee joint Innervation - Femoral n.
50
Vastus lateralis (largest quad) Origin and insertion
Origin - greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera Insertion - same as rectus femoris
51
Vastus medialis Origin and insertion
Origin - upper part of femoral shaft insertion - same as others
52
Vastus medialis Action and innervation
Action - Extends leg at knee joint Innervation - Femoral n.
53
Vastus intermedius Origin and insertion
Origin - anterior and lateral surfaces of the upper 2/3s of the femur Insertion - yk the drill
54
Vastus intermedis Action and innervation
action - extends leg at knee joint Innervation - femoral n.
55
Nerver roots for femoral and obturator nn.?
L2-L4 femoral n. emerges lateral to psoas major while obturator n emerges medial to it
56
What is the knee jerk or patellar reflex checking
Tests spinal cord segments L2-L4
57
What could absence of patellar reflex indicate
a lesion to the spinal cord at the level of the nerves that innervate the quads (L2-L4)
58
How can a lesion to the spinal nn. L2-L4 be caused? and can it be fixed?
Usually caused by physcial trauma. Usually considered irreversible, treatment entails physcial therapy to maintain strength still present in the exsiiting function of the muscles
59
Adductor longus Origin and insertion
Origin - Body of the pubis inferior to the pubic crest Insertion - Middle third of linea aspera
60
Adductor longus Actions and Innervation
Actions - Adducts thigh and externally rotates Innervation - obturator n.
61
Adductor brevis Origin and insertion
Origin - Body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus Insertion - Linea aspera, proximal to the adductor longus
62
Adductor brevis Action and innervation
Action - Adducts thigh Innervation - Obturator n.
63
Adductor magnus Origin and innsertion
Origin - Adductor part - Arises from the inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium Hamstring part - Ischial tuberosity Insertion - adductor part - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and the medial supracondylar line Hamstring part - adductor tubercle of femur
64
Adductor magnus Action and innervation
Action - Adductor part - Flexes and adducts thigh at hip Hamstring part - Extends and internally rotates the thigh Entire muscle - Pelvis stabilization Innervation - adductor part - Obturator n. Hamstring part - tibial part of the sciatic n.
65
Gracilis Origin and insertion
Origin - Inferior rami of the pubis and body of the pubis Insertion - Medial surface of the tibia (part of pes anserinus)
66
Graclilis Action and innervation
Action - Adductor of the thigh, flexes leg and helps medially rotate Innervation - Obturator n.
67
Obturator externus Origin and insertion
origin - Margins of obturator oframen and obturator membrane Insertion - Trochanteric fossa of the femur
68
Obturator externus Action and innervation
Latteraly rotates thigh, adducts and steadies head of femur in acetabulum Innervation - Obturator n.
69
What does the anterior division of the femoral n. give off
Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of the thigh and muscular branches to the sartorius and pectineous muscles
70
Posterior division
Supplies the four heads of the quads and continues along the medial border of the calf as the sapheneous n.
71
Shaphenous n.
Largest and longest branch of the femoral n. and supplies the skin over the medial side of the leg Termial and cutaneous branch od the femora; n. supllies the skin and fascia on the anteromedial side of the thigh
72
72
The profunda femoris artery arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral a. it travels post and distally, giving off three main branches
Perforating aa. Lateral femoral circumflex a. Medial fermoal circumflex a.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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