GROSS ANATOMY OF THE HEART Flashcards by FARESA NUR SYAZLIYANA SALIMAN

Q

PERICARDIUM IS A ___ LAYER OF ___ SAC.

A

DOUBLE
FIBROSEROUS

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

PERICARDIUM COVERS THE ___ AND ___.

A

HEART
ROOT OF GREAT VESSELS

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

THE FUNCTION OF PERICARDIUM ARE (2)

A

RESTRICT THE EXCESSIVE MOVEMENT OF THE HEART
LUBRICATE CHAMBER WHEN DIFFERENT PART OF THE HEART CONTRACT

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE 2 LAYERS OF PERICARDIUM

A

FIBROUS LAYER
SEROUS LAYER

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

FIBROUS LAYER IS THE ___ LAYER OF THE HEART.

A

OUTERMOST

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

FIBROUS LAYER COMPOSED OF ___ AND IT IS ANCHORED TO THE ___.

A

FIBROUS TISSUE
THORACIC CAVITY

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

THE BASE OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS TIGHTLY BOUND TO THE ___.
THE NECK OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS FUSED WITH THE ___.
THE FIBROUS LAYER IS ATTACHED TO THE ___.

A

CENTRAL TENDON OF THE DIAPHRAGM
ADVENTITIA OF THE GREAT VESSELS
STERNUM ANTERIORLY BY THE STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENT

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

THE FUNCTION OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS TO ___.

A

TO PROTECT THE HEART FROM OVERFILLING OF BLOOD AND INFECTIONS

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

SEROUS LAYER IS THE LAYER BETWEEN THE ___ AND ___.

A

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM AND THE HEART.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

PARIETAL LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM LINES THE ___ ASPECT OF THE FIBROUS PERICARDIUM.

A

INNER

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

VISCERAL LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM IS THE ___ OF THE HEART

A

EPICARDIUM

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

BOTH PARIETAL LAYER AND FIBROUS LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM CONTINOUS AT THE ___.

A

ROOT OF THE GREAT VESSELS

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

INSIDE THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY, THERE IS ___.

A

PERICARDIAL FLUID

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

SEROUS LAYER IS SUBDIVIDED INTO ___ AND ___

A

VISCERAL LAYER
PARIETAL LAYER

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

PERICARDIAL SINUS IS A ___.

A

PASSAGE FROM THE REFLECTIONS OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM AT THE ROOT OF GREAT VESSELS.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE TYPES OF PERICARDIAL SINUS AND DESC IT.

A

TRANSVERSE PERICARDIAL SINUS.
- POSTERIOR TO ASCENDING AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK
- ANTERIOR TO THE SVC
OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS.
- AN INVERTED U RECESS POSTERIOR TO THE BASE
- REFLECTED AROUND THE IVC AND PULMONARY VEIN

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TRANSVERSE PERICARDIAL SINUS.

A

FOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE INNERVATION OF THE PERICARDIUM.

A

PHRENIC NERVE
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM AND PARIETAL LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM
VAGUS NERVE AND SYMPATHETIC TRUNK (VASOMOTOR)
VISCERAL LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE SHAPE OF THE HEART AND ITS LOCATION

A

SHAPE: PYRAMIDAL IN SHAPE (THE SIZE OF A FIST)
LOCATION:
- IN THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM ENCOLSED IN A PERICARDIUM
- OBLIQUELY BEHIND THE STERNUM
- POSITION RELATIVE TO MIDLINE:
= 1/3 TO THE RIGHT
= 2/3 TO THE LEFT

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE RELATIONS OF THE HEART.

A

ANTERIOR - BODY OF THE STERNUM, 3- 6 COSTAL CARTILAGE AND INTERCOSTAL SPACE
POSTERIOR - T5-T8 THORACIC VERTEBRAE, OESOPHAGUS AND THORACIC AORTA
LATERAL - MEDIASTINAL PLEURA, PHRENIC NERVE
INFERIOR - DIAPHRAGM, FUNDUS OF THE STOMACH, LIVER

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

STATE THE SURFACES OF THE HEART

Study These Flashcards

A

ANTERIOR: STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
- MAINLY THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- PARTLY THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
POSTERIOR: BASE OF THE HEART
- MAINLY THE LEFT ATRIUM
- PARTLY THE RIGHT ATRIUM
INFERIOR: DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
- MAINLY LEFT VENTRICLE
- PARTLY RIGHT VENTRICLE
RIGHT
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- IN CONTACT WITH THE RIGHT LUNG
LEFT
- LEFT VENTRICLE
- IN CONTACT WITH THE LEFT LUNG

Q

APEX OF THE HEART IS ___ PART OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

Study These Flashcards

A

INFEROLATERAL

Q

LOCATION OF THE APEX

Study These Flashcards

A

POSTERIOR TO LEFT 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE, AT LEFT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE

Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

Study These Flashcards

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

SUPERIOR BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM - SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA INFERIOR BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE - NEARLY HORIZONTAL RIGHT BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM - VERTICAL LEFT BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE - OBLIQUE AND CURVED

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

SUPERIOR BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM - SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA INFERIOR BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE - NEARLY HORIZONTAL RIGHT BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM - VERTICAL LEFT BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE - OBLIQUE AND CURVED

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

SUPERIOR BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM - SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA INFERIOR BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE - NEARLY HORIZONTAL RIGHT BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM - VERTICAL LEFT BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE - OBLIQUE AND CURVED

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

SUPERIOR BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM - SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA INFERIOR BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE - NEARLY HORIZONTAL RIGHT BORDER - RIGHT ATRIUM - VERTICAL LEFT BORDER - LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE - OBLIQUE AND CURVED

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

- ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS - INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

- ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS - INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

- ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS - INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

- ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS - INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

- ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS - INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

STATE THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM

1. SULCUS TERMINALIS - VERTICAL SWALLOW GROOVE BETWEEN THE IVC AND SVC - CORRESPOND WITH CRISTA TERMINALIS - UPPER PART CONTAIN SA NODE 2. RECEIVES SVC, IVC 3. AURICLES

STATE THE ROUGH PART OF THE INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM.

1. PECTINATE MUSCLE - A TRANSVERSE MUSCLAR RIDGE - FROM CRISTA TERMINALIS TOWARDS THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE 2. OCCUPY ANTERIOR PART OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND AURICLE

STATE THE SMOOTH PART OF THE INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM.

1. CRISTA TERMINALIS 2. 4 OPENINGS - SVC - IVC - CORONARY SINUS - TRICUSPID ORIFICE 3. TRIANGLE OF KOCH - BOUNDARIES: TENDON OF TODARO, CORONARY SINUS ORIFICE, SEPTAL LEAFLET OF THE RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE - SIGNIFICANCE: USED AS AN ANATOMICAL LANDMARK FOR THE LOCATION OF THE AV NODE 4. INTERATRIAL SEPTUM 5. FOSSA OVALIS 6. ANNULUS OVALIS

STATE THE OUTFLOWING PART OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLES.

RIGHT VENTRICLE OUTFLOWING - INFUNDIBULUM/ CONUS ARTERIOSUS - SMOOTH

STATE THE STRUCTURE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE INFLOWING PART OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

RIGHT VENTRICLE INFLOWING PART 1. ROUGH 2. PAPILLARY MUSCLE - ANTERIOR CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE ANTERIOR MUSCLE - POSTERIOR CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE POSTERIOR MUSCLE - SEPTAL CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE SEPTAL MUSCLE 3. CHORDAE TENDINAE 4. TRABECULAE CARNAE 5. SUPRAVENTRICULAR CREST 6. SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULAE - ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM - CONTAINS RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH OF AV BUNDLE

STATE 2 ORIFICES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

1. RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE - GUARDED BY THE TRICUSPID VALVE - CONNECTS WITH THE RIGHT ATRIUM 2. PULMONARY ORIFICE - GUARDED BY THE PULMONARY VALVE - CONNECTS TO THE PULMONARY TRUNK

STATE THE 5 OPENINGS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE LEFT ATRIUM.

1. LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR (BICUSPID) ORIFICE - GUARDED BY THE BICUSPID VALVE 2. 4 OPENINGS OF PULMONARY VEIN - 2 SUPERIOR PULMONARY VEIN - 2 INFERIOR PULMONARY VEIN

STATE THE SMOOTH PART OF INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF LEFT VENTRICLE.

- HAVE AORTIC VESTIBULE - SMOOTH

STATE THE ROUGH PART OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEFT VENTRICLE.

- TRABECULAE CARNAE - NO MODERATOR BAND - 2 PAPILLARY MUSCLE (ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR)

STATE THE ORIFICE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE.

1. AORTIC ORIFICE - GUARDED BY THE AORTIC VALVE - CONNECTS WITH THE ASCENDING AORTA 2. BICUSPID ORIFICE - CONNECTED WITH LEFT ATRIUM - GUARDED BY THE BICUSPID VALVE

STATE THE 2 PARTS IN INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM AND DESC IT.

1. MUSCULAR PART - THICK LOWER 3/4 2. MEMBRANOUS PART - THIN UPPER PART - GIVES ATTACHMENT TO SEPTAL CUSP OF THE TRICUSPID ORIFICE.

STATE THE VALVES OF THE HEART.

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE - BASE IS ATTACHED TI THE FIBROUS RING OF AV ORIFICE - FREE EDGES ARE ATTACHED TO PAPILLARY MUSCLE VIA CHORDAE TENDINAE 1. BICUSPID VALVE - HAVE 2 CUSP - LOCATED AT THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART 2. TRICUSPID VALVE - HAVE 3 CUSP - LOCATED AT THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART SEMILUNAR VALVE - BASE IS ATTACHED TO THE FIBROUS RING - NOT ATTACHED TO THE CHORDAE TENDINAE 1. AORTIC VALVE - HAVE POSTERIOR, RIGHT AND LEFT CUSP 2. PULMONARY VALVE - HAVE ANTERIOR, RIGHT AND LEFT CUSP

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE HEART BORDERS.

SUPERIOR BORDER: RIGHT 3ICS TO LEFT 2ICS LEFT BORDER: LEFT 2ICS TO 5ICS RIGHT BORDER: RIGHT 3CC TO 6CC INFERIOR BORDER: LEFT 5ICS TO RIGHT 6CC

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE HEART VALVES.

PULMONARY 3CC, LEFT STERNAL BORDER AORTIC 3ICS, LEFT STERNAL BORDER MITRAL 4ICS, MIDSTERNAL BORDER TRICUSPID 4CC, LEFT STERNAL BODY

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE AUSCULATION POINT.

PULMONARY: LEFT 2 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM AORTIC: RIGHT 2 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM MITRAL: 5 ICS, MIDCLAVICULAR LINE TRICUSPID: LEFT 5 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM

FIBROUS SKELETON OF THE HEART CONSIST OF:

- 4 FIBROUS RING THAT SURROUND THE ORIFICE OF THE HEART - FIBROUS TRIGONE IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RINGS

FUNCTIONS OF THE FIBROUS SKELETON

1. ATTACMENT OF CUSPS OF VALVE 2. KEEP ORIFICES PATENT, PREVENT FROM OVER DISTENDED 3. ATTACHMENT OF MYOCARDIUM 4. ELECTRICAL INSULATOR FOR ATRIA AND VENTRICLES