Gross Test 4

Question 0

gluteus medius

Answer 0

O: exterior surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line
I: lateral surface of greater trochanter
Inn: superior gluteal nerve L4,L5,S1
Act: abduuct, medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite side is elevated

Question 1

gluteus maximus

Answer 1

O: dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, sacrotuberous lig
I: IT band and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Inn: inferior gluteal nerve L5,S1,S2
Act: extend hip between flexed and standing position, assist in lateral rotation, steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

Question 2

gluteus minimus

Answer 2

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: ant surface of greater trochanter
Inn: superior gluteal nerve L4,L5,S1
Act: abduct, medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

Question 3

tensor fasciae latae

Answer 3

O: ASIS, ant part of iliac crest
I: IT band (lat condyle of tibia)
Inn: superior gluteal nerve L4,L5,S1
Act: flex hip joint, act with glut.max. to stabilize extended knee joint

Question 4

piriformis

Answer 4

O:sacrotuberous lig, ant surface of 2-4 sacral segments, sup margin of greater sciatic notch
I: sup border of greater trochanter
Inn: branches of ant rami S1,S2
Act: laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, stabilize hip joint

Question 5

obturator internus

Answer 5

O: pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
Inn: nerve to obturator internus L5,S1
Act: laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, stabilize hip joint

Question 6

gemelli (superior and inferior)

Answer 6

O: sup- ischial spine, inf- ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
Inn: obturator internus L5,S1 & quad femoris L5,S1
Act laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, stabilize hip joint

Question 7

quadratus femoris

Answer 7

O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
Inn: nerve to quad femoris L5,S1
Act: laterally rotate hip joint, stabilize hip joint/pelvis

Question 8

semitendinosis

Answer 8

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of sup part of tibia
Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
Act: extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate leg medially when knee is flexed, when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk

Question 9

semimembranosus

Answer 9

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia, reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal lig
Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
Act: flex knee joint and rotate leg medially, when knee/hip are flexed, can extend trunk

Question 10

bicep femoris (long and short head)

Answer 10

O: long- ischial tuberosity, short- linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: lateral side of fibula, tendon is split @ this site by fibular collateral lig
Inn: long- tibial division of sciatic L5,S1,S2, short- common fibular of sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
Act: flex knee joint and rotate laterally, extend hip joint

Question 11

adductor longus

Answer 11

O: body of pubis inf to pubic crest
I: middle third of linea aspera of femur
Inn: obturator nerve L2-L4
Act: adduct hip joint

Question 12

adductor brevis

Answer 12

O: body and inf ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line, proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Inn: obturator nerve L2-L4
Act: adducts hip (some flexion)

Question 13

adductor magnus

Answer 13

O: add- inf ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
I: add- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, ham- adductor of tubercle of femur
Inn: add- obtrator nerve L2-L4, ham- tibial part of sciatic nerve L2-L4
Act: adduct hip joint, add part flexes hip joint and hamstring part extends it

Question 14

gracilis

Answer 14

O:body and inf ramus of pubis
I: sup part of med surface of tibia
Inn: obturator nerve L2,L3
Act: adducts hip joint, flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially

Question 15

obturator externus

Answer 15

O: obturator foramen and membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
Inn: obturator nerve L3,L4
Act: laterally rotate hip joint, pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady

Question 16

Quadricep muscles

Answer 16

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Question 17

hamstring muscle group

Answer 17

semitendinosis, semimembranosus, long head of bicep femoris

Question 18

pectineus

Answer 18

O: sup ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur, just inf to lesser trochanter
Inn: femoral nerve L2,L3
Act: adducts and flexes hip joint, assists with medial rotation of hip joint

Question 19

sartorius

Answer 19

O: ASIS, sup part of notch inf to it
I: sup part of medial surface of tibia
Inn: femoral nerve L2,L3
Act: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip joint

Question 20

psoas major

Answer 20

O: sides of T12-L5 vert and discs between, trans processes of all lumbar vert
I: lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: ant rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3
Act: flex hip, postural

Question 21

Iliacus

Answer 21

O: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, ant sacroiliac lig
I: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, femur distal to it
Inn: femoral nerve L2,L3
Act: flex hip joint

Question 22

rectus femoris

Answer 22

O: AIIS, ilium sup to acetabulum
I: base of patella, tibial tuberosity
Inn: femoral nerve L2-L4
Act: extend knee joint, stabilize hip joint and help ilipsoas flex hip joint

Question 23

vastus lateralis

Answer 23

O:greater trochanter and lat lip of linea aspera
I: base of patella, tibial tuberosity, tibia and patella via aponeurosis (lat and med patellar retinacula)
Inn: femoral nerve L2-L4
Act: extends knee joint

Question 24

vastus medialis

Answer 24

O: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera I: base of patella, tibial tuberosity, tibia and fibula via aponeurosis Inn: femoral nerve L2-L4 Act: extends knee joint

Question 25

vastus intermedius

Answer 25

O: ant/lat surface of shaft and femur I: base of patella, tibial tuberosity Inn: femoral nerve L2-L4 Act: extends knee joint

Question 26

tibialis anterior

Answer 26

O:lat condyle, sup 2/3 of lat surface of tibia, interosseus membrane I: med/inf surfaces of medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal Inn: deep fibular nerve L4,L5 Act: dorsiflex ankle, invert foot, support medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 27

extensor hallucis longus (EHL)

Answer 27

O: middle part of ant surface of fibula and interossues membrane I: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx Inn: deep fibular nerve L5,S1 Act: extends great toe, dorsiflex ankle

Question 28

extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

Answer 28

O: lat condyle of tibia, sup 2/3 of ant surface of fibula, interosseus membrane I: middle and distal phalanges of lat 4 digits Inn: deep fibular nerve L5,S1 Act: extends lateral 4 digits, dorsiflex ankle

Question 29

fibularis tertius

Answer 29

O: interosseus membrane, inf third of ant surface of fibula I: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal Inn: deep fibular nerve L5,S1 Act: dorsiflexes ankle, aids in eversion of foot

Question 30

fibularis longus (FL)

Answer 30

O: head and sup 2/3 of lat surface of fibula I: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform Inn: superficial fibular nerve L5,S1,S2 Act: evert foot, weakly plantar flex ankle, supports transverse arch of foot

Question 31

fibularis brevis (FB)

Answer 31

O: middle part of lat surface of fibula I: dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal Inn: superficial fibular nerve L5,S1,S2 Act: evert foot, weakly plantarflex ankle

Question 32

gastrocnemius

Answer 32

O: lat- lat aspect of condyle of femur, med- popliteal surface of femur, sup to medial condyle I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial nerve S1,S2 Act: plantarflex ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes knee joint

Question 33

soleus

Answer 33

O: post aspect of head of fibula, sup quarter of post surface of fibula, soleal line, medial border of tibia I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial nerve S1,S2 Act: plantarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot

Question 34

plantaris

Answer 34

O: inf end of lat supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal lig I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial nerve S1,S2 Act: weakly assist gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle, fxn is prob mainly proprioceptive

Question 35

popliteus

Answer 35

O: lat surface of lat condyle of femur, lat meniscus I: post surface of tibia sup to soleal line Inn: tibial nerve L4,L5,S1 Act: weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur of fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

Question 36

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 36

O: inf 2/3 of post surface of fibula, inf part of interosseus membrane I: base of distal phalanx of great toe Inn: tibial nerve S2,S3 Act: flexes great toe, weakly plantarflexes ankle, suuports longitudinal arches of foot

Question 37

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 37

O: med part o post surface of tibia inf to soleal line and by broad tendon of fibula I: bases of distal phalanges of lat 4 digits Inn: tibial nerve S2,S3 Act: flexes lat 4 digits, plantarflex ankle, support longitudinal arch of foot

Question 38

tibialis posterior

Answer 38

O: interosseus membrane, post surface of tibia inf to soleus line, post surface of fibula I: primarily to tuberosity of navicular, also to cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd, 4th metatarsals Inn: tibial nerve L4,L5 Act: plantarflex ankle, invert foot, supports medial longitudinal arch