GroundWater Exam 3

Question 1

What is groundwater?

Answer 1

Any water found underground.
Grounf water occuppies pores between grains, and fractures and solution opening rock

Question 2

how does water enter the groundwater system

Answer 2

Recharge areas: rainy area
Disahrge areas: Bodies of water

Question 3

Saturated Zone

Answer 3

the subsurface sone in which all rock openings are filled with water.

Question 4

Vadose Zone or Unsaturated Zone

Answer 4

Above the water table is generally unsaturated region.

Question 5

Water Table

Answer 5

The top of the saturated zone.
Water level at surface of most lakes and rivers corresponds to the water table.

Question 6

Spring

Answer 6

A place where water flows baturally from rock or sediment onto the grounf surface.

Question 7

98% of earths fresh water is located

Answer 7

Underground
98% of earths fresh water is griund water

Question 8

Aquifer

Answer 8

A geologic unit that yields economically significant quantities of water

Question 9

Aquitard

Answer 9

A geologic unit that does not yeild econimicaly sifgnificant quantiities if water

Question 10

Permeability

Answer 10

the capacity of a rock to transmit fluid through pores and fractures

Question 11

Porosity

Answer 11

the percentage of rock or sediment that consists of voids or openings
– A measurement of a rock’s ability to hold water

Question 12

Aquifer 2

Answer 12

Body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can can move easliy due to high porosity and permeability

Question 13

Aquitard 2

Answer 13

rocks/sediments that retard grounwater flow due to low porosity and or permeablity
- shale
- Clay
- Unfractured crystalline rocks

Question 14

Unconfined Aquifer

Answer 14

-Has a water table, and is only partly filled with water.
- RELATIVLY RAPID RECHARGE BY precipitation infiltrating down the saturated zone from above

Question 15

Confined Aquifer

Answer 15

• Completely filled with water under pressure
  Hydrualic Head
• Usually seperated from the surface by a relatively impermeable confining layer.
• VERY SLOW RECHARGE

Question 16

Why does gorund flow?

Answer 16

Because gravity causes water flow down slope hydraulic head (Elevation + Pressure)

Question 17

Can Groundwater flow uphill

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Are there underground rivers?

Answer 18

No, only in caves

Question 19

How does fasts groundwater Flow?

Answer 19

Relatively Slow: cenimeters to meter per day

Question 20

Groundwater flows from

Answer 20

higher to lower pressure

Question 21

Ground water can be

Answer 21

young or old depending on its flow path

Question 22

Groundwater challenges

Answer 22

depletion/Availability
Ground water cause land subsidence
Groundwater contmination

Question 23

Groundwater Contamination

Answer 23

EX:Fuel (leaking underground storage tanks

Question 24

groundwater induced subsidence

Answer 24

EX: Sinkholes

Question 25

Groundwater Depletion/Availability

Answer 25

EX:Highplane agriculture/High Plain Aquifer

Question 26

Fossilaization

Answer 26

Organic matter is replaced with minerals/ via groundwater

Question 27

Hotsprings

Answer 27

A spring thats produced by the emerganceof geothermally heted groundwater from theearth crust

Question 28

Geysers

Answer 28

A hot spring that periodically errupts hot water and stream