Group 2 And 7 Elements Flashcards by Grace Tomlinson

How many electrons on outermost shell of group 2

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what do group 2 metals form

ionic compounds where they donate these two outermost electrons (so they act as reducing agents) to become an ion with +2 charge (so they themselves become oxidised)

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Going down the group do group 2 elements get more reactive or less

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what does the first ionisation energy do

the energy needed to remove the first outer electron of an atom

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What happens to the size of the elements down group 2

become larger as the outer two electrons occupy a new shell which is further away from the nucleus

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What happens to the melting point of the elements down group 2

The melting point of the elements decreases going down the group as the outer electrons get further away from the nucleus

This means that the attraction between the nucleus and the bonding electrons decreases causing a decrease in melting point

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what happens as you go down the group to the density of the alkali earth metals

the density of the alkali earth metals drops till Calcium and then increases

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What happens when the group 2 metal oxide reacts with water

a group 2 hydroxide is formed

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what happens to the solubility of these hydroxides, going down the group

increases.
This means that the concentration of OH- ions increases, increasing the pH of the solution

As a result, going down the group, the alkalinity of the solution formed increases when Group 2 oxides react with water

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Magnesium (group 2 metal) reacting with water at room temp
Equation and description

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) –> Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Very slow reaction with Mg. It will take several hours for bubbles of H2 to start to show.

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What is Mg(OH)2 (aq) used for

Magnesium Hydroxide can also be called ‘Milk of Magnesia’ and is used as an indigestion remedy to neutralise stomach acid.

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Calcium (group 2 metal) reacting with water at room temp
Equation and description

Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) –> Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
More vigorous reaction with Ca. It will bubble at a fast rate and the mixture will heat up.

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Magnesium (group 2 metal) reacting with steam
Equation and description

Mg(s) + H2O(l) –> MgO(s) + H2(g)
reaction more vigorous with steam than water

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How soluble is Mg(OH)2

Insoluble

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How soluble is Ba(OH)2

Completely dissolves

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How soluble is MgSO4

Completely Dissolved

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How soluble is BaSO4

Insoluble

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What is BaSO4 (Barium Sulfate) used for

Barium Sulfate is very good at absorbing X rays. Feed the patient a ‘Barium Meal’.
Barium Sulfate is highly toxic. However it is perfectly safe to feed to patients because it is so insoluble it cannot dissolve and pass through cell membranes into body tissue

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How to test for Sulfate Ions (SO4 2-)

add a solution of Barium Chloride (BaCl2)
no visible change = NO Sulfate ions present
WHITE PRECIPITATE = Sulfate ions present

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Group 7 also known as

Halogens

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What is the ion of florine called

Fluoride (F-)

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Physical property of Fluorine

very pale yellow gas

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Physical property of Chlorine

greenish gas.

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Physical property of Bromine

orange/brown liquid which vaporizes easily into an orange gas.

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Physical property of Iodine

a black solid which vaporises on heating to a purple gas.

What happens to the size of group 7 going down the group

get bigger on descending the group because each additional element has a whole extra electron shell in comparison to the previous element

What are three factors that affect electronegativity

- A greater nuclear charge will withdraw electrons more strongly. - A shorter atomic radius will also help withdraw electrons more strongly. - The more shielding will however reduce the amount electrons can be withdrawn.

What intermolecular forces exist between halogens

As they are non-polar diatomic molecules, they only have Van der Waals forces.

What changes the strength of the van de wall forces in group 7

on the size of the molecule

What element in group 7 has the lowest boiling and melting point

What state is Fluorine and chlorine at room temperature

gas

What state is bromine at room temperature

liquid

What state is iodine at room temperature

solid

in group 7 which element is the strongest oxidizing element

Fluorine as it accepts electrons the easiest

During halogen displacement reactions what should the element HIGHEST UP Group 7 form

HALIDE ION

During halogen displacement reactions what should the halogen LOWEST DOWN Group 7 form

HALOGEN MOLECULE

Reacting Chlorine with Sodium Bromide equation and explanation

Cl2(aq)+2NaBr(aq) --> Br2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) Because Chlorine is higher in Group 7 than Bromine, the Chlorine displaces the Bromide to form Sodium Chloride, and the Bromide is converted to Bromine.

Reacting Chlorine with Potassium Fluorine equation and explanation

Cl2(aq) + 2KF(aq) --> No Reaction Fluorine is higher in Group 7 than Chlorine. This means Fluorine should exist at Fluoride ions, and the Chlorine should exist as a Chlorine molecule. These are already present in the reactants, and so no reaction occurs.

What are halogens in form of an 'agent'

OXIDISING AGENT

What are halide ions in form of an 'agent'

REDUCING AGENT

Equation of Mg with steam

Mg (s) + H2O (g) → MgO (s) + H2 (g)

Equation of Ca with water

Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

Equation of Sr with water

Sr (s) + 2H2O (l) → Sr(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Equation of Ba with water

Ba (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ba(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Equation of Mg with water

Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Equation of Mg with dilute HCL

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) H2 (g)

Reaction with Ca with dilute HCL

Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) H2 (g)

Reaction with Sr with dilute HCL

Sr (s) + 2HCl (aq) → SrCl2 (aq) H2 (g)

Reaction with Ba with HCL

Ba (s) + 2HCl (aq) → BaCl2 (aq) H2 (g)

Reaction with Mg with H2SO4

Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

Reaction with Ca with H2SO4

Ca (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

Reaction with Sr with H2SO4

Sr (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → SrSO4 (s) + H2 (g)

Reaction with Ba with H2SO4

Ba (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + H2 (g)

oxide + water ->

hydroxide

metal oxide + dilute hydrochloric acid ->

metal chloride + water

Equation of Mg(OH)2 with dilute HCL

Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Equation of Ca(OH)2 with dilute HCL

Ca(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Equation of Sr(OH)2 with dilute HCL

Sr(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → SrCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Equation of Ba(OH)2 with dilute HCL

Ba(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → BaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction of Mg(OH)2 with dilute H2SO4

Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction of Ca(OH)2 with dilute H2SO4

Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction of Sr(OH)2 with dilute H2SO4

Sr(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → SrSO4 (s) + 2H2O (l)

Reaction of Ba(OH)2 with dilute H2SO4

Ba(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2H2O (l)

hydroxide + dilute hydrochloric acid →

chloride + water

hydroxide + dilute sulfuric acid →

sulfate + water

Reaction of MgCO3 with dilute HCL

MgCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of CaCO3 with dilute HCL

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of SrCO3 with dilute HCL

SrCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → SrCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of BaCO3 with dilute HCL

BaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → BaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of CaCO3 with dilute H2SO4

CaCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of MgCO3 with dilute H2SO4

MgCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of SrCO3 with dilute H2SO4

SrCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → SrSO4 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Reaction of BaCO3 with dilute H2SO4

BaCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

carbonate + dilute hydrochloric acid →

chloride + water + carbon dioxide

carbonate + dilute sulfuric acid →

sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

what is impure calcium carbonate used for

limestone

What is calcium oxide used for

Quicklime

what is s calcium hydroxide used for

Slaked lime

What are limestone, quick lime and Slaked lime used for and why it used

used in agriculture to raise the pH of the soil Calcium carbonate is more commonly used in agricultural lime as it is cheaper and safer to handle

Uses of Barium

sed in medicine in the form of barium sulfate, BaSO4 Barium absorbs X-rays which means the gut shows up white on the image Barium is toxic though can be used in this form because Barium sulfate is insoluble so is not absorbed into the blood

Uses of Magnesium

'milk of magnesia' used to neutralise excess acid in the stomach and treat constipation

colour of Silver chloride precipitate

white

colour of Silver bromide precipitate

Cream precipitate

colour of silver iodide precipitate

yellow precipitate

Group 2 And 7 Elements Flashcards

(84 cards)