group 2. part2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Effective in improving health, education, and economic activity, but concerns exist about dependency and the need for long-term solutions.
Challenges in targeting beneficiaries: Efficient targeting remains difficult due to technological, privacy, and ethical issues.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs
Access to basic infrastructure such as water, sanitation, and transportation can significantly reduce poverty.
Challenges: Implementation issues include lack of resources, opposition to change, and communication problems
Infrastructure Development
Initiatives like the Pambansang Pabahay para sa Pilipino (4P) aim to address housing shortages for the poor.
Housing Programs
Programs like the _____ _____ _____ (TES) help make education accessible to low-income students.
Tertiary Education Subsidy
The abuse of public power for private gain.
Involves bribery, dishonesty, fraud, etc..
Significant obstacle to good governance.
Corruption
Perceived to be one of the most corrupt countries (115 out of 180).
Philippines
Local nobility were coerced into enforcing colonial policies, diminishing their prestige.
(encomienda system)
Highly profited monopoly controlled by Spain. Officials and traders would bribe others to gain profit.
Galleon Trade monopoly
(encomienda system) & Galleon Trade monopoly
spanish colonial period
Accountability mechanisms like ______ were often ineffective, leading to unchecked corruption.
residencia
allowed Americans to exploit the Philippines natural resources.
Bell trade act
Parity rights
Political connections were used to secure jobs for special favors which allowed corrupt officers to abuse their position without being held accountable.
“Padrino System”
Officials within the bank granted loans to politically connected individuals and businesses without sufficient oversight
Philippine National Bank (PNB) case
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” (________ embezzled).
($5–10 billion)
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” ($5–10 billion embezzled).
Records appeared in earlier editions of Guinness. Year?
(1980s–1990s).
Guinness later removed the entry due to its policy of requiring updated, independently verified data. What record and who?
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for the “greatest robbery of a government” ($5–10 billion embezzled).
Misappropriation of public funds for supposedly “local development projects”
₱ 10 million was lost
Pork-barrel scandal
Approve ______ (vaccine for dengue) for commercial use.
net lost ₱ 1.9 billion
Dengvaxia controversy
Mismanagement of funds that was for the health insurance of Filipinos
Lost ₱ 15 billion
Philhealth-scandal
______ trillion in debt as of February 2024.
15.18
Measures how corrupt each countries public sectors are according to businesspeople and experts.
Corruption Perception Index (C.P.I)
Perceived level of public sector corruption (_____ means clean)
100
Politicians who use their power and influence to create connections to other people. It may leverage their influence to secure deals, contracts, or favors in exchange for personal or financial gain.
In the Philippines, this can be seen in cases where politicians facilitate business deals or allocate government resources to those who contribute to their campaigns or support their political agendas.
Influence Market Corruption
Powerful elites form networks to protect their political and economic advantages.
(business owners, political figures, or both)
collude to control critical sectors of the economy and maintain their political influence.
This leads to monopolies or oligopolies that prevent free competition, thereby maintaining the status quo of wealth and power among the ruling class.
In the Philippines, this can be observed between influential business families and political dynasties, which shape economic policies and political decisions in their favor.
Elite Cartel Corruption
