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Group dynamics Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

Process where social influence pushes someone to act in a certain way despite their being no explicit requirement to act in this way

A

Conformity

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2
Q

Characteristics increasing conformity

A

Female sex, low intelligence, poor leadership abilities, Inferiority feelings

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3
Q

Process where an individual is explicitly asked to carry out a task by a person in a position of authority

A

Obedience

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4
Q

Experiment looking at obedience towards authority figures specifically designed to investigate the psychology behind genocidal acts performed by Nazis

A

Milgram experiment

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5
Q

State of mind described by Milgram where a person allows others to direct their behaviour, and passes on responsibility for the consequences of those behaviours onto that other person

A

Agentic state

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6
Q

Process where a group can together make a more risky decision than an individual can

A

Risky shift

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7
Q

Tendency for a group to take a more extreme view than the initial inclinations of its members

A

Group polarisation

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8
Q

Psychological process within a group where the desire for conformity leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision making

A

Groupthink

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9
Q

Power based on the perceived ability to give positive consequences

A

Reward power

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10
Q

Power based on the perceived ability to punish

A

Coercive power

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11
Q

Power based on having particular skills or knowledge

A

Expert power

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12
Q

Power based on having charisma and connections

A

Referent power

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13
Q

Power held by an individual due to their position within an organisation

A

Legitimate power

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14
Q

Described the ‘bases of social power’ - includes reward power, legitimate power etc.

A

French and Raven

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15
Q

Leadership style where the leader makes decisions without consultation from others

A

Autocratic

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16
Q

Leadership style where decisions are ultimately made by the leader but only after facilitating group discussion

A

Democratic

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17
Q

Leadership style where the leader’s involvement in decision making is minimal and individuals make their own decision

A

Laissez-faire

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18
Q

Possible behavioural components of prejudice in increasing severity

A

Anti-locution (making negative remarks about but not to the person), avoidance, discrimination, physical attack and extermination

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19
Q

Theory of prejudice suggesting people develop prejudice as a result of their rigid thinking that occurs as a result of a harsh childhood upbringing, characterised by extreme obedience and respect for authority figures. Controversially used to explain Nazi fascism.

A

Authoritarian personality theory of prejudice (Adorno)

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20
Q

Theory of prejudice relating to Dollard’s frustration-aggression model - when the source of a frustration is too powerful aggression may be displaced towards a soft target

A

Scapegoating theory

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21
Q

Supplemental to scapegoating theory of prejudice, suggests that where there are acute times of low resources unrest follows and scapegoating is more likely

A

Relative deprivation theory

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22
Q

Theory of prejudice suggesting that even the suggestion of competition can trigger prejudices

A

Realistic conflict theory

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23
Q

Experiment where two groups were formed in a summer camp. Even when the groups were allowed to interact freely they displayed strong in-group preferences.

A

Sherif’s Robbers cave experiment

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24
Q

Experiment showing prejudice can be reduced when the person displaying prejudice has themselves experiences such prejudice in the past

A

Elliott’s blue eyes and brown eyes experiment

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25
Effect where people are less likely to intervene to help someone in need if others are also standing nearby
Bystander effect/Genovese effect
26
Factors that mean bystanders are less likely to help
If the bystander is female If there are many other bystanders present If the other bystanders are strangers If the perpetrators are present If the situation is perceived as dangerous
27
Effect where the larger the group is, the lower effort each individual puts in
Social loafing/Ringelmann's effect
28
The loss of self awareness within a group, often used to explain e.g. violent acts of a group of football hooligans
Deindividuation
29
Developed the concept of the 'working group' which works well together, and the 'basic assumption group' which acts out primitive fantasies and prevents work being done
Bion
30
Type of basic assumption group where the group turns towards a leader to protect them from anxiety
Dependency
31
Type of basic assumption group where the group acts as if there is an enemy, either within or outwith the group, who must be attacked or avoided
Fight-flight
32
Type of basic assumption group where the group acts as if the answer lies in the pairing - either friendly or hostile - of two members
Pairing
33
Group ideology which prioritises the rights of groups over the rights of an individual
Collectivism
34
Group ideology which prioritises rights of an individual over the group
Individualism
35
Leadership style where the leader allows team members to voice their opinions and supports them in making changes they believe in
Participative
36
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where one member helps another
Altruism
37
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where ideas/thoughts/emotions can be expressed in a way that produces relief
Catharsis
38
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is a sense that the group is working together towards a common goal
Cohesion
39
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where the group replicates a family to work through prior conflicts of its members
Corrective recapitulation
40
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members gain feedback from others and give out feedback
Interpersonal learning
41
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members acquire new knowledge
Imparting information
42
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members consciously model their behaviour on another member
Imitation
43
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where members accept responsibility for decisions
Existential factors
44
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where a sense of hope is imparted into the group
Instillation of hope
45
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is free exchange of ideas and feelings between members
Socialisation
46
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where there is an awareness among members that they are not the only ones to experience a particular issue
Universality
47
Described four principles of a therapeutic community
Rapoport
48
Four principles of a therapeutic community as described by Rapoport
Permissiveness Democracy Reality confrontation Communalism
49
Updated Rapoport's principles of a therapeutic community
Haigh
50
Haigh's updated principles of a therapeutic community and Rapoport's principle they correspond to
Containment - permissiveness Communication - communalism Involvement - reality confrontation Agency - democracy
51
Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by support, rules and boundaries allowing individuals to feel safe
Permissiveness
52
Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by decision making within the community giving individuals a sense of empowerment and belief they can be useful in the wider world
Democracy
53
Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by learning from others and finding a place within the group
Reality confrontation
54
Aspect of a therapeutic community described by Rapoport characterised by shared responsibility and shared group ethos
Communalism
55
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where the group can self-evolve and work through conflicts
Coherence
56
In group therapy, the quality of the relationship between each member of a group and the therapist
Group allience
57
Therapeutic factor in group therapy where a person unconsciously incorparates attributes and qualities of the group into themselves
Positive identification
58
Phenomenon where high expectations lead in improved performance
Pygmalion effect/Rosenthal effect
59
Factors according to Asch which make group conformity more likely
Larger group size Challenging task Public interactions Perception that some members are more senior than others
60
Factors according to Asch which make group conformity more likely
Larger group size Challenging task Public interactions Perception that some members are more senior than others