Group II Metals Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the properties of Group II elements?
Group II elements are metals, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have high melting and boiling points. They generally form white ionic compounds (except beryllium) with high melting and boiling points.
What is an s-block element?
An s-block element is one that has its highest energy/outer electron in an s-subshell (orbital).
What is an s-block element?
An s-block element is an element which has an atom with the highest energy/outer electron in an s-subshell (orbital).
How does atomic radius change down Group II?
The atomic radius decreases down Group II as there are more filled energy levels between the nucleus and the electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
Why do outer electrons become more shielded down Group II?
The outer electrons are thus more shielded and further from the nucleus, leading to an increase in atomic radius down the group.
What happens to the first ionisation energy as you descend a group?
The first ionisation energy decreases down the group.
This is due to increased distance between the nucleus and outer electrons and increased shielding.
Why does it become easier to remove an electron as you descend a group?
It becomes easier to remove an electron because the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases, along with increased shielding.
More filled energy levels are present between the nucleus and the outer electrons.
What factors contribute to the decrease in first ionisation energy down a group?
The factors are increased distance from the nucleus and increased shielding.
These factors lead to a lower attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons.
What is the charge of cations formed by Group II elements?
Group II elements form cations with a charge of 2+.
How does the reactivity of Group II elements change down the group?
The reactivity of Group II elements increases down the group.
What factors contribute to the increased reactivity of Group II elements?
It becomes easier to lose two electrons as the group is descended.
What do Group II elements react with?
Group II elements react with oxygen, water, and acids.
How does beryllium react with water?
Beryllium does not react with water.
How does magnesium react with water?
Magnesium only reacts very slightly with water if left for a prolonged period of time.
How do calcium, strontium, and barium react with water?
Calcium, strontium, and barium react with water with increasing vigour.
What happens to the solubility of Group II hydroxides down the group?
The solubility of the hydroxides increases down the Group.
How can the relative solubility of Group II hydroxides be determined?
By adding a solution of sodium hydroxide to solutions of the Group II ions and observing the precipitates.
What precipitate forms when magnesium hydroxide is added?
Magnesium hydroxide forms a thick white precipitate.
What precipitate forms when barium hydroxide is added?
Barium hydroxide forms a barely noticeable thin white precipitate.
How do Group II metals react with acids?
Group II metals react even more vigorously with acids than with water, forming the metal salt and hydrogen.
What happens to the reactivity of Group II metals down the group?
Reactivity increases down the Group as the outer shell electrons are lost more readily.
How does the solubility of Group II sulfates change down the group?
The sulfates decrease in solubility down the Group.
How can the relative solubility of Group II sulfates be tested?
By adding a solution of sodium sulfate to solutions of Group II ions and observing the precipitates.
What is observed when sodium sulfate is added to magnesium ions?
No precipitate is observed with magnesium ions.
