Growth and Development Flashcards
(11 cards)
Definition: Neurogenesis
Process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells
Occurs during prenatal and early postnatal development
Significance: Neurogenesis
Role in increasing the overall number of neurons in the developing brain
Formation of various brain regions and lays the foundation for neural networks and circuits
Erikson’s Stages of Development
Infancy 0-1yr: Trust vs Mistrust
Early Childhood 1-3yr: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Play Age 3-6yr: Initiative vs Guilt
School Age: 7-11yr: Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence 12-18yr: Identity vs Confusion
Early Adulthood 19-29yr: Intimacy vs Isolation
Middle Age 30-64yr: Generativity vs Stagnation
Older Age >65yrs: Integrity vs Despair
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor 0-2yrs: Object permanence
Preoperational 2-7yrs: Symbolic thinking, abstract thoughts difficult
Concrete Operational 7-11yrs: concepts attached to concrete situations
Formal Operational >11yrs: Theoretical, hypothetical, counterfactual thinking, abstract logic and reasoning
Definition: Synaptogenesis
Process of forming synapses allowing them to communicate with each other
Significance: Synaptogenesis
Vital for establishing functional neural circuits
Enable transmission of signals and integration of information
Facilitates learning, memory, cognitive development
Definition: Pruning
Selective elimination or reduction of synapses or neural connections
Refines neural circuits by eliminating weak or unnecessary circuits
Significance: Pruning
Enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of neural communication
Reduces redundancy and irrelevant connections
Optimizes brain function
Active during adolescence
Definition: Myelination
Adding a myelin sheath (fatty insulating layer) around the axons of neurons
Myelin insulates allowing electrical signals to travel faster along nerve fibers
