Growth and Development

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

Increase in size. change in quantity

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

change in function of organs that the relative proportion of organs. change in quality

Question 3

-blast

Answer 3

to sprout

Question 4

cyt-

Answer 4

cell

Question 5

derm-

Answer 5

skin

Question 6

ecto-

Answer 6

outside of

Question 7

en-, endo-

Answer 7

within

Question 8

meso-medio-

Answer 8

middle

Question 9

teras-, terat

Answer 9

monster

Question 10

toti-

Answer 10

whole

Question 11

Hypertrophy

Answer 11

increase in cell size through increase in organelle size and amount of cytoplasm. ex muscle and nerve cells. mainly postnatal growth

Question 12

Hyperplasia

Answer 12

Increase in cell numbers through mitosis. Examples in postnatal growth: skin, blood capillaries, liver, adipose tissue. Mainly prenatal growth

Question 13

Determinate Growth

Answer 13

Body grows up to a certain point (maturity) then growth stops

Question 14

Indeterminate Growth

Answer 14

Growth continues throughout the lifetime. Fish

Question 15

Development:

Answer 15

Form and function. Series of uninterrupted correlated events.

Question 16

Cellular Differentiation

Answer 16

Cells becomes specialized. All cells start from the single fertilized ovum and then turn into liver cells, muscle cells, or skin cells

Question 17

Morphogenesis

Answer 17

Establishment of shape and patterns in an animal

Question 18

Morphology

Answer 18

the study of form and structure

Question 19

Fertilization

Answer 19

combining of sperm and ovum to form a zygote

Question 20

Zona Pellucida

Answer 20

Protective layer that surrounds and protects the oocyte

Question 21

Cleavage

Answer 21

Cell division following fertilization. Occurs without the cell increasing so the cell size decreases

Question 22

Morula

Answer 22

Solid ball of cells, Mulberry shaped hence the name

Question 23

Blastomeres

Answer 23

Cell formed during the clevage

Question 24

Blastocyst (Blastula)

Answer 24

Hollow ball with initially one cell thick layer around the cavity. during differentiation it becomes two different cell types

Question 25

Trophoblast

Answer 25

Outer layer that forms the placenta

Question 26

Inner mass cell

Answer 26

Small aggreate of cells on one end that form the embryo

Question 27

Implantation

Answer 27

Attachment of blastocyst to uterine wall

Question 28

Gastrulation

Answer 28

Conversion of blastula into gastrula. This is where endoderm and ectoderm come into place

Question 29

Endoderm

Answer 29

Turns into lungs, gastrointestinal tract

Question 30

Mesoderm

Answer 30

Turns into muscles, urinary system, reproductive system, heart and bone and blood

Question 31

Ectoderm

Answer 31

Forms the epidermis and the nervous system

Question 32

Neurulation

Answer 32

ectoderm forming into the brain, spin, and nerves

Question 33

Fetus

Answer 33

Time when organs are formed until birth

Question 34

Prenatal Growth

Answer 34

Period of ovum: Fertilization to implantation. Period of Embryo: Gastrulation Period of Fetus: Late embryonic stage

Question 35

Sheep Gestation

Answer 35

147

Question 36

Swine gestation

Answer 36

114 or 3 months 3 weeks 3 days

Question 37

Cattle gestation

Answer 37

283

Question 38

Horse Gestation

Answer 38

336

Question 39

Humans

Answer 39

266

Question 40

Ontogeny

Answer 40

Life history, entire life span

Question 41

Tertatology

Answer 41

Study of malformation in embryos