Growth And Development Of Asean

Question 1

What were the 7 aims and purposes of ASEASN

Answer 1

1. Accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development
2. Promote regional peace and stability
3. Active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest (economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields)
4. Assistance in training and research facilities for education etc
5. Collaborate on Agri and industries, as well as expansion of trade
6. Promote south East Asian studies
7. Close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations

Question 2

What was the TAC, when was it signed, what clause did it include

Answer 2

Treaty of amity and cooperation, 1976

Non interference in the internal affairs of one another

Question 3

What were the 5 formal mechanisms for managing interstate relations

Answer 3

1. ASEAN declaration (1967)
2. Zopfan declaration (1971)
3. Zopfan blueprint (1976)
4. Asean concord (1976)
5. TAC (1976)

Question 4

What is the asean way

Answer 4

Preference for informality and loose agreements, dependent on the personal relations amongst leaders
- reliance on consultation and consensus

Question 5

What effect did the asean way have on regional peace and cooperation

Answer 5

Fostered confidence, trust, and neighbourliness

Question 6

In which 2 events were the non interference of asean challenged

Answer 6

1. Cambodia political factional conflict - asean sent foreign ministers to pressure Cambodia to making free and fair elections, delayed Cambodia’s entry due to legitimacy of hun sen’s government
2. 1997, amidst human rights abuse and treatment of Aung san suu kyi, Malaysian foreign minister under asean advised regime to continue dialogue with pro-democracy opposition

Question 7

Which member state of asean suggested for asean to move towards flexible engagement instead of non interference (and in which year), who openly supported

Answer 7

1998, Thailand suggested, Philippines supported

Question 8

What were the roles of the 5 main working units of ASEAN in its early years

Answer 8

1. Annual meeting of foreign ministers - discuss and set ASEAN policies
2. Standing committee - implemented discussed policies, ran asean day to day
3. Permanent and ad hoc comm - officials and experts in specific areas meet to discuss and cooperate
4. National secretariats - prepared groundwork for AMM

Question 9

What were the limitations of the 5 working units of ASEAN

Answer 9

• National secretariats understaffed to prepare for major meetings
• lacked key institutions such as to promote regional cooperation
• head of governments were not at the AMM until later

Question 10

When did the head of governments take over in attending the AMM

Answer 10

1976

Question 11

When was the first asean summit, and where

Answer 11

Bali, 1976

Question 12

When, and in which event was it decided that teh asean heads of government would meet formally every 3 years

Answer 12

1992, 4th asean summit

Question 13

Which 3 agreements were passed in the first Bali summit

Answer 13

1. Treaty of amity and cooperation
2. Declaration of asean concord
3. Joint communique

Question 14

Who attended the first Asean summit in Bali

Answer 14

Suharto (Indo), Hussein Onn (Malaysia), Marcos (Philippines), kukrit pramoj (Thailand), LKY (SG)

Question 15

Which working unit was responsible for economic cooperation, when was it established

Answer 15

Senior economic officials meeting

1992

Question 16

What was the AFTA council, when was it established

Answer 16

Asean free trade area council, established in 1992 for the implementation of the afta

Question 17

Why did the 1st summit in Bali take place (consider timing) - 4 events

Answer 17

1. Us withdrawal from SEA
2. Hanoi victory over south Vietnam
3. Communist regimes in Laos and Cambodia
4. Uncertainty about policies in china

Question 18

Who would be the most anxious about the communist threat during the 1st Bali summit

Answer 18

Thailand

Question 19

What economic trend was in focus during the 1992 summit in SG

Answer 19

Regional economic blocs - need for asean to step up its own efforts as an economic bloc

Question 20

What was asean vision 2020, when was it introduced

Answer 20

1997, closer economic integration and higher degree of cooperation

Question 21

When was the asean community established, what 3 communities did it comprise of

Answer 21

2003

1. Political-security community
2. Economic community
3. Socio-cultural community

Question 22

When was teh asean charter created, what was it

Answer 22

2008

Legally binding agreement, providing legal status, institutional framework for ASEAN, setting up norms, values, and rules

Question 23

What is the significance of Vietnam’s membership into ASEAN, and when did it happen

Answer 23

1995

Final closure to the political gulf between communist and non-communist states of Southeast Asia

Question 24

When did Vietnam invade Cambodia

Answer 24

1979

Question 25

When did Vietnam withdraw from Cambodia

Answer 25

1991

Question 26

What 3 areas did Vietnam want to stand to benefit from by joining asean

Answer 26

1. Stable environment of peace and security 2. Economic cooperation 3. international standing

Question 27

Which aspects of ASEAN’s principles and nature was it drawn to

Answer 27

1. Consensual nature of the asean way 2. Non interference as outlined in the TAC

Question 28

What internal development showed Vietnam’s willingness and prioritisation of trade and investment

Answer 28

Doi moi (1985)

Question 29

What were ASEAN’s motivations for admitting Vietnam (2)

Answer 29

1. No longer seen as a proxy state, Cold War significance diminished, Cambodian crisis threat gone 2. Untapped market for ASEAN products (export oriented produce for isi Vietnam)

Question 30

When did van linh first express interest to join ASEAN

Answer 30

1988

Question 31

What were Myanmar’s motivations for joining asean (2)

Answer 31

1. Under sanctions from US and EU due to human rights violations 2. Slorc (state law and order restoration council) trying to improve its international image (after already signing ceasefires and releasing Aung san suu Kyi)

Question 32

What were the motivations / reasons for ASEAN admitting Burma (2)

Answer 32

1. Untapped economic market 2. If it admitted Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia but didn’t admit Myanmar, it could become a Chinese client for the PRC and communism

Question 33

Wat was the effect of Myanmar joining ASEAN on international image, and why

Answer 33

Institutional relations with US and EU suffered - junta continued using force and undemocratic means on its opponents - criticised also for its interference policy of ‘constructive engagement’

Question 34

What did the US and EU do to Myanmar as it joined ASEAN

Answer 34

US: extra sanctions EU: no visas for officials to visit any EU states

Question 35

What threat did Britain give to Myanmar after its admission into asean, and what was Malaysia’s response (Mahathir)

Answer 35

Threatened to not invite Myanmar to the second Asia-Europe meeting (ASEM) in London (1998) Mahathir in turn threatened an ASEAN boycott if Myanmar did not come

Question 36

When did Myanmar ratify the Asean charter, and for what purpose

Answer 36

2008, proposed AICHR (human rights commission) be set up

Question 37

What was the controversy surrounding the set up of the AICHR

Answer 37

Myanmar and the military junta was granted a say in formulating the body

Question 38

What was the main principle of asean that was controversial in Cambodia joining asean

Answer 38

Non-interference

Question 39

Which peace arrangement (and when) resolved the Cambodian crisis, and how so

Answer 39

1991, Paris peace arrangement - withdrawal of Vietnamese forces from Cambodia - free and fair elections `

Question 40

How was Cambodia governed in 1993, and by whom

Answer 40

Power sharing Hun Sen (CPP - Cambodian people’s party) Prince ranariddh (FUNCINPEC)

Question 41

When was Cambodia offered observer status

Answer 41

1994

Question 42

What happened immediately prior to 1997 when Cambodia was supposed to join ASEAN (domestically)

Answer 42

Hun Sen and ranariddh power struggle - ranariddh defeated, fled country, Sam Rainsy fled (opposition), hun Sen as undisputed leader

Question 43

What was the controversy surrounding Cambodia joining ASEAN after hun Sen came into complete power

Answer 43

- asean declared foreign ministers meeting, offered to mediate conflict by negotiating with hun Sen - hun Sen accused minsters (3 of them) of violating the principles of non interference - asean responded by decreasing mediation efforts but still retaining Cambodia’s observer status

Question 44

What was the inconsistency in ASEAN’s principle of non-interference (between which 2 countries)

Answer 44

Myanmar included in 1997 despite having a military government, Cambodia excluded

Question 45

What was the final resolution of the political conflict in Cambodia prior to joining asean

Answer 45

- japan came in to mediate (as their largest donor of aid) - proposed ranariddh to be tried for court, granted amnesty and return to elections - hun Sen won elections, no outright majority - Hun Sen as prime minister, ranariddh as speaker of parliament

Question 46

When did Cambodia join ASEAN

Answer 46

April 1999

Question 47

How was the cooperation of intra-ASEAN challenged when more members joined (2 ways)

Answer 47

1. Initial anti-communist ideology diluted - no ideological bind in the expanded asean 2. Large economic gap - no collective goal