Growth and Development of Infants Flashcards

Question

Growth chart used Birth - 2yr

Answer 1

Human milk (preferred)

Answer 2

Most desired, complete diet for up to 6mo Provides immunity to the infant (during last 3 months of pregnancy antibodies are provided to baby via passive immunity through the placenta-- lasting a few weeks to months, longer if baby is breastfed) Easily digested >6mo can have significant health impact on children as they grow into adulthood

Answer 3

Exclusively breastfeeding for 6mo Continue for 1yr or longer as complementary foods are introduced Prevents disease into adulthood

Answer 4

Vit D supplement of 400U/day beginning at hospital discharge

Answer 5

Iron supplement of 1mg/kg/day until iron containing foods can be introduced

Answer 6

Preferred in full-term infant | Prepared with Cow milk with added veg oils, vitamines, minerals and iron

Answer 7

For infants that are lactose intolerant and allergic to milk based formulas or casein protein in cow's milk, or for those parents who wish for a vegetarian diet. Made with soy protein and added veg oils and corn syrup and or sucrose

Answer 8

Low sodium formula | Predigested protein formula (for those who cannot break down casein or whey)

Answer 9

In general will decreased from 6 at 1 month to 4-5 at 6 months

Answer 10

Based on weight, age and if they are taking solid foods Rule of thumb: infants under 6mo who haven't started solid foods should be taking 2-2.5 oz/lb/day Babies eat 3-4oz every 3-4 hr

Answer 11

Start at about 6mo (before that, the digestive tract isnt fully developed and cannot digest solid foods)

Answer 12

Can sit in high chair and hold their head up Can open their mouth when food comes their way Can move food from a spoon into their throat and swallow appropriately

Answer 13

Iron fortified cereal (rice, barley, oatmeal, and high protein cereals) Rice cereal is usually first

Answer 14

Easily digestible and low allergenic potential | DO NOT put in a bottle! Needs to be spoon fed

Answer 15

Avoid for first 12mo due to botulism

Answer 16

Strained fruits, followed by veggies, then meats

Answer 17

Feed small amount 1tsp-few tbsp in 4-7 day intervals | only introduce one food at a time to identify allergies

Answer 18

Quantity of milk decreased to less than 1L/day to prevent overfeeding

Answer 19

Marked head lag Can turn head from side to side when prone (must hold/support baby head)

Answer 20

Can hold head up with slight head lag

Answer 21

Head lag is almost gone Can roll from their back to their side Important to put baby on their back to sleep (need to be aware of them rolling to side and belly to prevent SIDS) 🚩posteriorr fontanel not closed

Answer 22

Can roll from belly to back

Answer 23

Can sit in high chair (good head control) and roll from back to belly 🚩 any head lag at this age needs a neurologic evaluation

Answer 24

Can sit leaning forward on hands and bears weight on legs

Answer 25

Creeps on hand and knees and pulls themselves to standing position

Answer 26

Change from prone to sitting

Answer 27

dont put IV in feet because we dont want to limit their movement

Answer 28

Can cruise while holding furniture

Answer 29

Can stand alone and walks with one hand held | Most have taken at least one independent step by 14 mo

Answer 30

🚩Needs to be evaluated for possible developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 31

Using hands and fingers to grasp objects

Answer 32

2-3mo as a reflex and gradually becomes voluntary | Palmer grasp is replaced with Pincer grasp

Answer 33

Will hold a rattle if placed in their hand, will not reach for it

Answer 34

plays with hands and can carry objects to mouth | ❌ remove all small objects (anything that can fit down a toilet paper roll can be choked on)

Answer 35

able to voluntary grasp objects

Answer 36

Hold bottle, grasp their feet and pull to mouth and feed themselves a cracker

Answer 37

Can transfer objects from one hand to another, use one hand for grasping and hold a cube in each hand simultaneously

Answer 38

Uses crude (not fully developed) pincer grasp, bangs blocks, explores movable parts

Answer 39

Can pick up a raisin and other finger foods | Can deliberately let go of objects and will offer it to someone

Answer 40

Places objects into a container and removes them

Answer 41

Social smile in response to various stimuli Follows midline Vocalizes along with using facial and body expressions, distinct from crying When prone, lifts head to 45 degree -- tummy time is important

Answer 42

Infant acne may continue to 3mo, cradle cap, eczema is common

Answer 43

Posterior fontanel should be closed

Answer 44

Unequal movement

Answer 45

holds head 45 degree when prone, if on back turn head from side to side to prevent plagiocephaly or bald spot

Answer 46

Present when infant immediately closes fingers when and object placed in hand Gone by 3-4 mo

Answer 47

Present when you hold the infant upright and touch foot to flat surface, they begin stepping Gone by 2-4 mo

Answer 48

Present when the infants soft palate, lip, mouth cheek or chin is stimulated or stroked, will automatically begin sucking Gone by 4-6mo

Answer 49

Present when the infants cheek is stroked, the baby will turn head in the direction of the stimulus, mouth open ready to suckle Gone by 4mo

Answer 50

``` Sit with support Rolls from back to side Has almost no head lag when pulled to sit Grasp objects with both hands Regards hands. hands together Laughs Bears weight on legs when held up ```

Answer 51

Drooling begins Moro and rooting reflexes are gone Sucking, palmar grasp, plantar grasp and fading Makes consonant sounds (like K or N) Laughs out loud and show many expressions Begins to show memory Separation/Individuation begins, know that they are separate individual than their mother

Answer 52

``` Feeds self with fingers Works for toys Reaches for objects Turns to rattle Imitates speech sounds Speaks single syllabus (like Ma, Da) Teething my begin with eruption of 2 lower central incisors between 6-10 mo ```

Answer 53

Take child's age in months and minus 6 equals how many teeth they should have

Answer 54

They begin to fear strangers. Stranger anxiety is prominent during this time Talk softly and meet the child at eye level Maintain safe distance Avoid sudden intrusive gestures Start with least invasive to most Try to keep on moms lap, do assessment on mom first then baby

Answer 55

``` Creeps on hands and knees Sits for prolonged time Pulls self to standing position Stands holding furniture Responds to simple verbal commands Understands "n-no" Eruption of upper incisors begins between 8-12mo ```

Answer 56

Massage gums, give them ibuprofen or tylenol | Dont give hard, cold items to put in mouth- they damage the gums and cause bleeding

Answer 57

``` Birth weight triples Says 3-5 words besides "MaMa, DaDa" Plays repetitive games Waves bye-bye Indicates wants without crying Bangs 2 cubes together Recognizes objects by name Stands alone for few seconds May be walking on their own Has 6-8 deciduous teeth ```

Answer 58

Vaccine preventable diseases Diaper rash Eczema (have higher risk for development of asthma) Teething RSV (between November and April, Premature baby: talk about Synagis) Jaundice SIDS (dont lay baby on belly, prone only) Abuse FTT (failure to thrive) Colic (remind parents to take slow deep breaths and a time out and tell them that this will get better with time) Apnea of Prematurity (home monitor and protect from SIDS because these children are at greater risk for SIDS) Flu

Answer 59

``` Suffocation (positioning is important) Aspiration Falls Bodily damage from sharp objects Poisoning from ingestion (store hazardous items in high places) Motor vehicle accident (proper car seat) ```

Answer 60

Children need to be in a rear facing seat until 2yr or until they reach the max height and weight for the seat Once rear facing seat is outgrown: then use forward facing seat Once forward facing seat is outgrown: then need to use a belt positioning booster seat until they have reached 4ft 9in and are between 8-12 yr

Growth and Development of Infants Flashcards

(87 cards)