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Bio 211 Quiz 3 > Growth Conditions > Flashcards

Growth Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What aspect of metabolism do you think limits where bacteria can grow?

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Factors influencing growth

A

Temp, ph

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3
Q

If temp is cold how do enzymatic reactions function

A

Slows down

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4
Q

If temp is hot what happens to enzyme structures

A

Enzyme structure breaks and loses function. This is called denaturing

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5
Q

What is denaturation

A

Unfolding/breaking of a protein

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6
Q

Can denaturing happen to enzymes

A

Yes

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7
Q

How does denaturing happen in enzymes

A

Distorts active site making it incompatible to substrate

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8
Q

Function of an enzyme

A

Assemble/ breaks things down

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9
Q

What is the target of an enzyme called

A

Active site

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10
Q

What is the final output of an enzyme called

A

Products

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11
Q

Organism that is most medically important in terms of growing in temp

A

Mesophile grows at like 39°

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12
Q

How many degrees is psychrophile

A

4°

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13
Q

How many degrees is Thermophile max

A

60°

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14
Q

Hyperthermophile max

A

88°

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15
Q

Can ph influence protein functions

A

Yes

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16
Q

Change in ph can do what to an active site

A

Change the shape

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17
Q

Pepsin (a stomach enzyme) functions best at low or high ph

A

Low

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18
Q

How do these factors influence the ability for a microbe to grow?

A

Can be denatured if ph or heat is too high

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19
Q

What was osmotic pressure used for in terms of food

A

Preservation

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20
Q

How can people control microbial growth

A

Oxygen, osmotic pressure, light, barometric pressure

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21
Q

How do bacteria grow

A

Binary fission

22
Q

Binary fission process

A

Cell grows,replicate genome,enlarges, forms a separator, divides

23
Q

Growth rate =

A

Generation time

24
Q

Calculation growth time needing…

A

Starting pop., #of gens, equation: Nn = N0 2^n

25
Q

If you start w/ 1 cell that divides every 30 mins, how many cells would be there after 24 hrs?

A

1 x 2^48

26
Q

Phases of a closed culture

A

Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death/decline phase

27
Q

Lag phase

A

No increase (delay)

28
Q

Log phase

A

Exponential increase in living cells

29
Q

Stationary phase

A

Rate of living and death are the same

30
Q

Death/decline phase

A

Exponential decrease in # of living bacterial cells

31
Q

Log phase growth line (arithmetic scale)

A

Curved

32
Q

Log phase growth ( semi log scale)

A

Straight

33
Q

What’s a major aspect of bacterial reproduction?

A

Duplication of the genetic material (dna)

34
Q

What are nucleic acid?

A

Macromolecule (others are carbohydrates, lipids and proteins), DNA, RNA

35
Q

DNA

A
  • Double stranded
  • deoxyribonucleic acid ( sugar)
  • base pair
  • deoxyribose sugar
  • uses “T” as a base pair
36
Q

RNA

A
  • single stranded
  • ribonucleic acid
  • ribose sugar
  • uses “u” as base pair
37
Q

What do both DNA and RNA use?

A

C, g, a

38
Q

What is one difference between prokaryote and eukaryote regarding dna?

A

Prokaryotes store dna in a circular chromosome
Eukaryotes store dna in a linear chromosome within nucleus

39
Q

Where does transcription (making of rna) happen in prokaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

40
Q

Where does transcription (making of rna) happen in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

41
Q

One similarity prokaryotes and eukaryotes have regarding dna

A

Translation happens in cytoplasm

42
Q

Transcription

A

Making of RNA

43
Q

Translation process

A
  1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination
44
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

DNA makes RNA, rna forms proteins

45
Q

Are there any organisms that violate the central dogma?

A

Retroviruses such as HIV

46
Q

True or false: the genes and their function of an organism dictates its physical characteristics and is the sole driving force behind its traits and capabilities

A

False, environment dictates as well

47
Q

Genotype

A

Genes and function of an organism

48
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristics

49
Q

What’s the difference between an organisms genotype and phenotype?

A

Genotype →capabilities
Phenotype →characteristics

50
Q

How can the environment or other factors influence an organisms phenotype without altering its genotype?

A

Temp, light, oxygen levels

Bio 211 Quiz 3 (4 decks)

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