Antimicrobial Practices

Question 1

Progression of efficacy in antimicrobial practices

Answer 1

Cleaning→sanitizing→disinfecting→sterilizing

Question 2

Sterilization

Answer 2

Complete removal of all cells, endospores, and viruses from an environment

Question 3

Sterilants

Answer 3

Chemicals used for sterilization

Question 4

What else can be used for sterilization

Answer 4

Heat, pressure, filtration

Question 5

Commercial sterilization

Answer 5

Canning: high temp for specific periods of time
Pasteurization: high temps for short periods of time

Question 6

Can you sterilize everything

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Sanitizing

Answer 7

Kills high percentage of vegetative bac.

Question 8

Disinfecting

Answer 8

Kills microscopic organisms on an inanimate surface as claimed on the label

Question 9

Disinfectants

Answer 9

Antimicrobial chemicals
Heat can also be used
Endospores can remain

Question 10

Sanitizing

Answer 10

Cleansing of items/environment to achieve levels of microbial life deemed safe for public health
Such as sanitizers

Question 11

Selective toxicity

Answer 11

The drug is harmful to a pathogen without being harmful to the host

Question 12

Where do we get antibiotics?

Answer 12

Other bac., fungi, synthetic (man-made)

Question 13

What makes a good target for antibiotics

Answer 13

Something that isn’t toxic to our cells but it’s toxic to bacterial cells

Question 14

What structure/mechanism do you think is a good target?

Answer 14

Peptidoglycan, ribosome that isn’t same as ours, cell wall

Question 15

Bacteriostatic

Answer 15

Stops growth of organism

Question 16

Bactericidal

Answer 16

Kill/destroy the microbe

Question 17

Narrow-spectrum

Answer 17

Effective against a small or limited range of organisms

Question 18

Broad spectrum

Answer 18

Effective against a wide range of organisms

Question 19

How is selective toxicity achieved

Answer 19

Targeting structures that are unique/focus on differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 20

Would a persons immune system influence treatment decisions

Answer 20

‘Yes

Question 21

Does bacteriostatic need your immune system to kill bacteria?

Answer 21

Yes, it just pauses bacteria action so immune sys can do the work

Question 22

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 22

Testing the sensitivity of the pathogen to various treatment options

Question 23

Immuno compromised individual, what antibiotic do u give them

Answer 23

Bacteriocidal, kills infection

Question 24

What is zone of inhibition used for

Answer 24

Antimicrobial action

Question 25

General recommendation for treatment?

Answer 25

Most narrow spectrum antibiotic at lowest dose possible

Question 26

Multi drug resistant microbes (MDRs)

Answer 26

Resistant to multiple antimicrobial

Question 27

Cross resistance

Answer 27

Single resistance mechanism works against different types of drugs

Question 28

ESKAPE pathogens

Answer 28

Difficult to treat, cause large number of nosocomial infections

Question 29

Mechanisms for antibiotic resistance

Answer 29

Limit uptake of a drug

Question 30

Are there any negative side effects to using antibiotics? What are they?

Answer 30

Yes, toxicity still can occur