growth disorders

Question 1

give 3 examples of growth disorders characterised by too little growth

Answer 1

• agenesis
• aplasia
• hypoplasia

Question 2

what is agenesis?

Answer 2

organ does not develop at all

Question 3

what is aplasia?

Answer 3

organ fails to develop normal structure from primitive embryonic structure

Question 4

what is hypoplasia?

Answer 4

less tissue formed but normal structure

Question 5

give 4 example of growth disorders characterised by too much growth

Answer 5

• hamartoma
• haemangioma
• lymphangioma
• naevus

Question 6

what is hamartoma?

Answer 6

tumour like growth, occurs excessively only in patients growth period

Question 7

what is lymphangioma?

Answer 7

malformation of lymphatic system characterised by lesions

Question 8

what is haemangioma?

Answer 8

collection of BVs under the skin,

Question 9

what is a naevus?

Answer 9

mole - neoplasia and hyperplasia of melanocytes

Question 10

give 2 examples of a growth disorders characterised by something growing in the wrong place

Answer 10

• meckels diverticulum

- ectopic tooth

Question 11

what does ectopic refer to?

Answer 11

malposition of organ or other body part

Question 12

what is meckels diverticulum?

Answer 12

outpouching of small intestine

Question 13

a decrease in the number/size of a cell is known as?

Answer 13

atrophy

Question 14

what is atrophy?

Answer 14

a decrease in the number/size of a cell

Question 15

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 15

increase in cell size

Question 16

an increase in cell size is known as?

Answer 16

hypertrophy

Question 17

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 17

increase in number of cells

Question 18

an increase in number of cells is known as?

Answer 18

hyperplasia

Question 19

what is metaplasia?

Answer 19

change in cell type from one type of tissue to another type of tissue in the same group

Question 20

a change in cell type from one type of tissue to another type of tissue in the same group is known as?

Answer 20

metaplasia

Question 21

what is dysplasia?

Answer 21

abnormal cell growth pattern that could become malignant

Question 22

an abnormal cell growth pattern that could become malignant is known as?

Answer 22

dysplasia

Question 23

what is atrophic mandible?

Answer 23

if all teeth removed, mandible retracts

Question 24

osteoporosis is a growth disorder caused by which type of cell change?

Answer 24

atrophy

Question 25

atrophy may occur as a result of?

Answer 25

- reduction in structure components - imbalance of cell loss and production - apoptosis

Question 26

hyperplasia may occur as a result of?

Answer 26

- growth factor driven proliferation - increased cell output - liver regeneration

Question 27

which virus is capable of inducing hyperplasia?

Answer 27

HPV

Question 28

pure hypertrophy occurs in which cells?

Answer 28

those with limited mitotic ability (i.e muscle)

Question 29

what may cause goitre?

Answer 29

- iodine deficiency - decreased thyroid hormone' - compensatory increase of thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 30

what type of metaplasia often occurs in smokers ?

Answer 30

ciliated columnar to squamous

Question 31

what change in epilthelium occurs during barrels oesophagus?

Answer 31

stratified squamous to columnar

Question 32

what is neoplasia?

Answer 32

abnormal mass of tissue caused by excessive growth

Question 33

which virus can induce epithelial hyperplasia?

Answer 33

HPV