Growth of Nationalism

Question 1

Define Nationalism

Answer 1

Nationalism is the feeling of oneness and 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 that emerges when people living in a common territory share the same historical, political and cultural background, 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘴 and consider themselves as one nation.

Question 2

Describe the effect of economic exploitation by the British on the peasants

Answer 2

1. The Peasents were the main victims of the economic exploitation.
2. The government took a large part of their produce away from them in the form of land revenue and other taxes.
3. These taxes let them into the clutches of landlords and moneylenders.

Question 3

Describe the effect of economic exploitation of the British on the artisans

Answer 3

1. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘺.
2. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘌𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘺 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘳𝘢𝘧𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘺.
3. India became a source for raw materials and a market for British goods.
4. This policy 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘥 artisans and craftsmen as they were devoid of their sources of livelihood.

Question 4

Describe the effect of economic exploitation by the British on the working class of India

Answer 4

1. The growth of industrialism in India led to the creation of a new class - the working class.
2. The people of this class were exploited by factory owners, who were usually British people.
3. Although they formed a minority of the Indian population, they had a new social outlook.
4. Their outlook and interests were broad covering the whole of the nation, though they worked only in factories that were only in urban areas.
5. Thus, their political thought was far greater than their numerical strength.

Question 5

Describe the effect of economic exploitation on the educated Indians

Answer 5

1. The only employment available to the educated Indians were government jobs, where competition was high and 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵.
2. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘤𝘢𝘱𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘸𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱 𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢’𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘥𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩. 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘥, 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘬𝘦𝘱𝘵 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢 𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘬𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥.

Question 6

Name the viceroy of India who followed a great number of repressive policies.

Answer 6

Lord Lytton

Question 7

Explain 4 repressive colonial policies of the British(headings only)

Answer 7

1. Grand Delhi Durbar
2. Age limit for Indian Civil Service examinations
3. Vernacular Press Act and Indian Arms Act
4. Removal of import duties on British textiles

Question 8

What was the Delhi Durbar? Why was it controversial?

Answer 8

1. Lord Lytton organised an event known as the “Grand Delhi Durbar” to celebrate the proclamation of Queen Victoria as empress of India.
2. Lakhs of rupees were spent in organising this event but nothing was done for Indians who were in the grip of a famine.

Question 9

What was the Vernacular Press Act?

Answer 9

The Vernacular Press Act forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that might incite feelings of dissatisfaction with the British Government. This Act was not applicable to English newspapers. It was revoked by Lord Ripon.

Question 10

What was the Indian Arms Act?

Answer 10

The Indian Arms Act made it a criminal offence for Indians to carry arms without a license. This did not apply to the British.

Question 11

By what degree was the age limit of the Indian civil service lowered? Why was this problematic?

Answer 11

The age limit for the entrance examination of the Indian Civil Service was lowered from 21 years to 19 years. This made it difficult for Indians to compete for the examination.

Question 12

Why was the removal of import duties on British textiles problematic?

Answer 12

The removal of import duties on British textiles harmed the Indian industry.

Question 13

What was the Illbert bill?

Answer 13

1. This Bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians. By this Act, the British tried to introduced equality between British and Indian judges in India.
2. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 and they started a Defence Association to defend their special privileges.
3. This reaction provoked counter-agitation by educated Indians.
4. The government ultimately withdrew the Bill.
5. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘪𝘯 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢. It made clear to all Indians that 𝘫𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘳𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺 could not be expected where the interests of the European community were involved.

Question 14

What did social-religious reform movements work for in the social sphere?

Answer 14

These movements worked for the abolition of the 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮, 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘦, 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘳𝘺 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮 purdah system, sati and infanticide. They launched a crusade against all social and legal inequalities.

Question 15

What did socio-religous reform movements work for in the religious sphere?

Answer 15

In the religious sphere, these reform movements combated 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘴𝘶𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴, attacked idolatry, polytheism and hereditary priesthood. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺.

Question 16

Name some prominent socio-religious reformers of 19th century India.

Answer 16

1. Raja Rammohan Roy
2. Swami Dayanand Saraswati
3. Swami Vivekananda
4. Jyotiba Phule

Question 17

Describe Raja Rammohan Roy’s approach to religion.

Answer 17

1. He stressed on the unity of all religions
2. He was against beliefs of many Gods and believed in the worship of a single God.
3. __He strongly held the view that all the principal ancient texts of the Hindus preached monotheism.__
4. Amitya Sabha
5. Brahmo Sabha

Question 18

What did Raja Rammohan study as a child?

Answer 18

He studied 𝘚𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘬𝘳𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘏𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶 𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺, the Quran as well as 𝘗𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘪𝘤 𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦.

𝘏𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦. To study the Bible in the original form, he learnt 𝘎𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘬 and Hebrew.

Question 19

What article did Raja Rammohan Roy write?

Answer 19

Raja Rammohan Roy wrote in Persian 𝘎𝘪𝘧𝘵 to Monotheists 𝘪𝘯 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘶𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸𝘴 𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵 𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘧𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘎𝘰𝘥𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘧 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘎𝘰𝘥.

Question 20

What was the Brahmo Samaj?

Answer 20

The Brahmo Samaj was an organisation started by Raja Rammohan Roy which believed in Monotheism or worship of one God. It condemned idol worship and laid emphasis on prayer, meditation, morality and strengthening the bond between men of all creeds and religions.

Question 21

Describe Raja Rammohan Roy’s social reforms.

Answer 21

1. Rammohan Roy was against the rigidity of the caste system.
2. He started a campaign for the abolition of sati and purdah system, ___condemned polygamy___, discouraged child marriages and advocated for the right of widows to remarry. It was Raja Rammohan Roy’s efforts which led ___William Bentick___, the Governer General of India, to pass a law in 1829 making the practice of Sati illegal and punishable by law.
3. He was a strong supporter of women’s rights. ___He condemned the subjugation of women___. To raise the status of women, he demanded that they be given the right of inheritance and property.

Question 22

How was Raja Rammohan Roy a pioneer of Indian Journalism?

Answer 22

1. Rammohan Roy was a committed nationalist and a pioneer of Indian journalism.
2. He brought out a number of journals in Bengali, English, Hindi and Persian to spread scientific, literary and political knowledge among the Indians and raise public opinion on topics of current interest and to represent popular demands and grievances before the British government.
3. He also started a Bengali weekly called the ‘Samwad Kaumudi’ and a paper in Persian called ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’.

Question 23

Bengali weekly started by Rammohan Roy

Answer 23

Samwad Kaumudi

Question 24

Paper in Persian started by Rammohan Roy

Answer 24

Mirat-ul-Akhbar

Question 25

Describe Rammohan Roy's contributions to political rights.

Answer 25

1. Rammohan Roy was the initiator of public agitation for demanding political and other rights. 2. He demanded the abolition of the East India Company's trading rights and heavy export duties on Indian goods. 3. He also demanded separation of the executive and the judiciary, trial by jury, judicial equality between Indians and Europeans and Indianisation of the superior services.

Question 26

Describe Jyotiba Phule's contributions to the upliftment of women in British India

Answer 26

1. First girls school: Jyotiba Phule along with his wife Savitribai Phule started one of the first girls school in Pune. 2. Private orphanage: He established a school for untouchables and started a private orphanage for the widows. 3. Pioneering widow remarriage movement: He pioneered the widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra and worked for the education of women. 4. Educating depressed circles: He wanted to liberate the depressed classes and make them aware of their rights by educating them.

Question 27

Name the book written by Jyotiba Phule on the caste system

Answer 27

Ghulamgiri

Question 28

What were Jyotiba Phule's thoughts on the caste system?

Answer 28

1. He considered the caste structure prominent in India to be a form of slavery. 2. In his famous book "Ghulamgiri", he described the hardships of the lower castes and the distress they experience.

Question 29

How did Jyotiba Phule endeavour for social justice for the lower castes?

Answer 29

He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker sections of society.

Question 30

How did the socio-religious reform movements contribute to the growth of nationalism?

Answer 30

1. The reformers condemned untouchability and the rigid caste system. These ideas based on equality and brotherhood attracted the so-called lower castes. 2. The reformers taught people not to ignore women, who could not participate in the national movement. 3. Swami Dayanand and Swami Vivekananda proclaimed the superiority of Indian culture and civilisation. 4. The reformers protested against the British domination of India. Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the first to use the term "Swaraj" and to raise the slogan "India for the Indians"

Question 31

Who was the first to use the term "Swaraj"?

Answer 31

Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Question 32

Prominent English newspapers started in the second half of the 19th century

Answer 32

1. The Times of India 2. The Hindu 3. The Bengali 4. The Statesman

Question 33

How did the press play a role in the growth of nationalism?

Answer 33

1. Through the press, the message of patriotism and modern liberal ideas like liberty, freedom, equality, home rule and independence spread among the people. 2. The press carried on daily criticism of the unjust policies of the British Government in India and exposed the true nature of the British rule in India. 3. It made the exchange of views among different social groups from different parts of the country and the organisation of political movements possible. 4. It made Indians aware of what was happening in the world. This awareness helped them understand the political and social development of the outside world and shape their own policies and programmes.`

Question 34

First political association started in India

Answer 34

Landholders' Society in Kolkata

Question 35

Political associations started in India

Answer 35

Bengal British India Society, British Indian Association, East India Association, London India Society

Question 36

Location of founding of East India Association

Answer 36

Founded in London

Question 37

Founder of East India association

Answer 37

Dadabhai Naoroji

Question 38

Purpose of East India association

Answer 38

1. It provided information on all Indian subjects to British citizens and Members of Parliament. 2. It voiced the grievances of Indians and suggested remedial measures.

Question 39

Branches of East India Association

Answer 39

Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

Question 40

What was Dadabhai Naoroji's opinion of the British?

Answer 40

1. He believed that the British were just and good. 2. He wanted to place the true state of affairs in India before the people of England so that the problems of the Indians may be resolved.

Question 41

Head of Indian Association

Answer 41

Surendranath Banerjee

Question 42

Roles of members of Indian association

Answer 42

The Association had lawyers, professionals and educated middle class as its members.

Question 43

Branches of Indian Association

Answer 43

In Bengal and in towns outside Bengal.

Question 44

Intent of Indian Association

Answer 44

The Indian Association was meant to be an All India Movement.

Question 45

Objectives of the Indian Association

Answer 45

1. Creation of a strong body of public opinion. 2. Integration of Indian people on the basis of common political interests. 3. Promotion of friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims. 4. Mass participation in public movements.

Question 46

Achievements of the Indian Association

Answer 46

1. It launched agitations against oppressive Acts such as the Licence Act, the Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act and against the lowering of age limit from 21 to 19 years for the Imperial Civil Service. 2. It also took up the cause of the workers on the British-owned plantations. 3. However, the association failed to attain an all-India character.

Question 47

Founder of Indian National Conference

Answer 47

Surendranath Banerjee

Question 48

Location of founding of Indian National Conference

Answer 48

Kolkata

Question 49

Indian leaders moving towards the formation of an all-India political body

Answer 49

Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji

Question 50

Who wanted to set up the Indian National Congress? Why?

Answer 50

A.O.Hume, a retired British member of the Indian Civil Service, wanted to set up an organisation that would draw the government's attention to the administrative drawbacks and suggest means to rectify them.

Question 51

Why did the Viceroy of India favour the formation of the Congress?

Answer 51

The Viceroy, Lord Dufferin, favoured the formation of the Congress because he wanted it to act as a 'safety-valve' for popular discontent, thereby, safeguarding the British interests in India.

Question 52

Original name of Indian National Congress

Answer 52

Indian National Union

Question 53

Where was the Indian National Conference convened?

Answer 53

Pune on December 25 1885

Question 54

Where and when was the first meeting of the Indian National Congress held?

Answer 54

Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Mumbai from December 28 to December 31, 1885

Question 55

Who was the original president of the Indian National Congress?

Answer 55

W.C. Bonnerjee

Question 56

How many delegates did the Indian National Congress originally have?

Answer 56

72

Question 57

On whose suggestion was the name of the Indian National Union changed?

Answer 57

Dadabhai Naoroji

Question 58

Aims of the Indian National Congress(VERBATIM)

Answer 58

1. To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country. 2. To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province. 3. To formulate popular demands and present them before the government. 4. To train and organise public opinion in the country.

Question 59

Eminent original members of the Indian National Congress

Answer 59

Dadabhai Naoroji Pherozeshah Mehta Badruddin Tyabji Subramania Iyer

Question 60

From which session onwards was the location of the sessions of the Indian National Conference not fixed?

Answer 60

1887 session