Growth of the Music Industry

Question 1

What are the two main contributing factors to the creation of music industry

Answer 1

Copyright Law and the growth of the Middle Class

Question 2

What is Copyright

Answer 2

Protection of intellectual property. Lends value to ideas and creativities

Question 3

Where did copyright originate?

Answer 3

Statutue of Anne - 1710

Question 4

Who lobbied for the creation of copywright?

Answer 4

Pamphleteers - writers of essays.

Question 5

Who administered copywright?

Answer 5

The stationers company

Question 6

Where did the term royalties come from>?

Answer 6

The stationer company was a crown corp. Payments for copying were paid to the crown (royal -ties)

Question 7

When were copyright laws introduced in the US

Answer 7

1790s

Question 8

When were the copyright laws expanded to cover sheet music?

Answer 8

1830

Question 9

What does the creation of copyright for sheet music imply?

Answer 9

Already a significant number of professional songwriters by 1830

Question 10

Who is the Victorian Ballad named for

Answer 10

Queen Victoria

Question 11

What drove the popularity of victorian ballads

Answer 11

Industrial revolustion, creates the middle class

Question 12

What did middle class life allow

Answer 12

savings, disposable income. Allows the purchase of musical instruments

Question 13

When was the industrial revolution

Answer 13

1760 - 1830

Question 14

Why were pianos popular purchases for the middle class

Answer 14

Status symbol, entertainment source, way to match your daughters up with suitors

Question 15

What is a parlour song

Answer 15

Song to be sung by at home

Question 16

What is the general instrumentation of a parlour song

Answer 16

Female vocalist with piano accompaniment

Question 17

What values were expressed in the parlour song

Answer 17

Chastity, restraint, honour, loyalty

Question 18

How are victorian values expressed in parlour songs?

Answer 18

Lyrics, restrained vocal quality

Question 19

Who wrote “Believe me if all those endearing young charms”?

Answer 19

Thomas Moore

Question 20

When was “Believe me if all those endearing young charms written?

Answer 20

1808

Question 21

What structure does “Believe me if all those endearing young charms” have?

Answer 21

AABA

Question 22

What is the first hit of Tin Pan Alley?

Answer 22

“After the Ball”

Question 23

who wrote After the Ball?

Answer 23

Charles K Harris

Question 24

When was after the ball written?

Answer 24

1892

Question 25

how many songs did After the Ball sell?

Answer 25

5M

Question 26

Where was after the ball performed?

Answer 26

theaters, early movies, bandshells

Question 27

What prompted the first hit song?

Answer 27

Population explosion, increasingly urban population. Creates a critical point

Question 28

What was the population of the US in 1892

Answer 28

63M

Question 29

what street is Tin Pan Alley on?

Answer 29

W28th

Question 30

How long did Tin Pan Alley Last?

Answer 30

1892 - mid 20th century

Question 31

When was the peak of Tin Pan Alley

Answer 31

20s and 30s

Question 32

How many composers were there at the peak of TPA

Answer 32

36k

Question 33

How many publishing companies were there?

Answer 33

21k

Question 34

What was the primary trade of Tin Pan Alley?

Answer 34

Sheet Music

Question 35

Why was Tin Pan Alley successful?

Answer 35

Division of labour. The principle that many individuals each had individual roles (composers, lyricists, performers, publishers)

Question 36

When do recordings begin to take off

Answer 36

1920s

Question 37

When do recordings begin to become more important

Answer 37

Late 30s, early 40s

Question 38

What difficulty level were TPA songs?

Answer 38

made for amateur musicians to be played in the home

Question 39

What themes were espoused in TPA songs?

Answer 39

Idealized romance, restraint

Question 40

What was the most common form of TPA songs

Answer 40

AABA

Question 41

What is the purpose of the B section in AABA

Answer 41

to provide contrast and build tension towards the final A section

Question 42

Who wrote Somewhere Over the Rainbow?

Answer 42

Arlen/Herberg

Question 43

When was Somewher Over the Rainbow published?

Answer 43

1939

Question 44

Who famously sung Somewhere Over the Rainbow

Answer 44

Judy Garland

Question 45

What form did TPA songs use

Answer 45

Sectional Verse sectional chorus AABA

Question 46

What incentive did TPA have to release additional version

Answer 46

More versions -> more reach -> more sheet music sales

Question 47

What is a song plugger

Answer 47

Person who breaks out into song in the middle of a competing performance to advertise a different song

Question 48

Where did TPA use their songs in early american culture

Answer 48

Early Musicals & Movies were used to drive music sales

Question 49

What was the relationships between publishers and Big Band Leaders

Answer 49

Publishers convinced big band leaders to play their songs

Question 50

Who are some exception to the trend of big bands in the 30s and 40s?

Answer 50

Bing Crosby, Andrew Sisters, Mills Brothers

Question 51

What was Bing Cosby's nickname

Answer 51

America's uncle, Der Bingle (Germany)

Question 52

When did Frank Sinatra go solo

Answer 52

1943

Question 53

What trend did Frank Sinatra invent

Answer 53

"Teen Idol"

Question 54

What was an example of an early frank Sinatra hit

Answer 54

'Ive got a crush on you'