Technical Developments & Their Impacts

Question 1

When was the phongraph invented?

Answer 1

1877

Question 2

Who invented the phonograph

Answer 2

Thomas Edison

Question 3

What was the difference between phonographs and gramaphone

Answer 3

Phonograph: Cylinder Based,
Gramophone: Disk Based

Question 4

Where do the names phonograph and gramophone come from?

Answer 4

They are brand names (Kleenex)

Question 5

What was the orignal purpose of a phonograph

Answer 5

Business Transcription

Question 6

What are the limitations of the early phonograph

Answer 6

wax cylinders wear out very quickly

Question 7

When does the transition to disks end?

Answer 7

1910

Question 8

What is the standard disk speed of early records

Answer 8

78rpm

Question 9

Why was the 78rpm standard adopted

Answer 9

to allow disks to be used across gramophones

Question 10

When is the record rotation speed standard set?

Answer 10

early 1910s

Question 11

What was recorded on early recordings?

Answer 11

TPA music

Question 12

What purpose did recordings serve to TPA

Answer 12

Sales device: shows a demonstration of the song

Question 13

How was sheet music sold prior to recordings

Answer 13

House musicians would play the songs for customers

Question 14

why was rural and black music not included in early recordings

Answer 14

cultural chauvinism. Those musical styles were less important. Also, there was no money in those genres

Question 15

When did Commercial Radio take off?

Answer 15

1922

Question 16

When did radio networks form?

Answer 16

by the end of the 1920s

Question 17

What are three of the early radio networks?

Answer 17

NBC, CBS, Mutual

Question 18

what was the first network?

Answer 18

NBC- 1928

Question 19

How did networks operate?

Answer 19

Used phone lines to transmit content from coast to coast

Question 20

Where does network content come from?

Answer 20

New York

Question 21

How does radio affect music consumption

Answer 21

changes music from a regional to national

Question 22

Why was radio successful?

Answer 22

Expensive one time purchase, but after that the content is free. Better value, lots of variety

Question 23

Who revitalized the record industry?

Answer 23

Ralph Peer

Question 24

Why does the record industry begin to record country and race music?

Answer 24

Competition from radio

Question 25

What is the first significant recording by a black vocalist?

Answer 25

Crazy Blues: Mamie Smith - 1920

Question 26

What does "Crazy Blues" sound like?

Answer 26

TPA (not an actual blues)

Question 27

What lessons did Crazy Blues teach?

Answer 27

White audiences will listen to black performers, black community bought records

Question 28

Who created the genres of race and hillbilly music?

Answer 28

Ralph Peer

Question 29

Why did ralph peer create race and hillbilly music?

Answer 29

Need to differentiate from radio (which played TPA)

Question 30

What is an early example of hillbilly music

Answer 30

"Carve that Possum" 1927 Uncle Dave Macon & the fruit jar drinkers

Question 31

Who performs "Carve that Possum"

Answer 31

Uncle Dave MAcon and the fruit jar drinkers

Question 32

What year was "Carve that Possum" recorded?

Answer 32

1927

Question 33

what instruments are used in hillbilly music

Answer 33

fiddle, mandolin, acoustic guitar

Question 34

what characterictics does hillbilly music have

Answer 34

emotional detachment

Question 35

What is an example of early Race Music?

Answer 35

How Long Blues - Carr & Blackwell - 1928

Question 36

When was How Long Blues recorded?

Answer 36

1928

Question 37

Who performs How Long Blues

Answer 37

Carr & Blackwell

Question 38

What differentiates How Long Blues from the style of country blues

Answer 38

City Blues style. Vocal quality is more chest based (louder), introduces piano. Guitar solo (more than one performer)

Question 39

Why were city blues songs recorded before country blues?

Answer 39

City blues (newer style) was closer to the recording companies than rural blues

Question 40

By what date is the record industry saved

Answer 40

1930s

Question 41

When was television first demonstrated

Answer 41

1927

Question 42

Who invented TV

Answer 42

Leo Fornsworth

Question 43

When did experimental TV broadcasts begin?

Answer 43

through the 30s

Question 44

When did network TV broadcasting begin

Answer 44

1939

Question 45

Why was television preferred to radio by the networks

Answer 45

superior advertising medium

Question 46

What impact does the move from radio to TV have on music?

Answer 46

Networks sold off their radio licenses to independent stations, allowing for more local content

Question 47

What does BA radio stand for

Answer 47

"Black Appeal"

Question 48

What was the first BA radio station

Answer 48

WDIA

Question 49

Where was WDIA located?

Answer 49

Memphis

Question 50

when did WDIA start directing itself to black consumers

Answer 50

1948

Question 51

by what year was BA and country radio a thing

Answer 51

1954

Question 52

How many BA stations were there in 1954

Answer 52

200

Question 53

What are the two ways of expanding radio reach

Answer 53

Higher power stations, linking stations

Question 54

What range could be expected from early high power radio stations

Answer 54

several hundred miles

Question 55

How many stations wre on the first coast-coast broadcast?

Answer 55

69 (NBC) in 1928

Question 56

What are X stations

Answer 56

High power stations in Mexico which were out of FCC jurisdiction

Question 57

What is a clean channel radio station?

Answer 57

Radio station with exclusive rights to a frequency (no noise)

Question 58

What are the advantages of radio networks

Answer 58

run from 1 location, affiliate content for local stations, effective with clear channel stations

Question 59

What was the view of the use of records on radio in the 1920s

Answer 59

Unethical (disk jockey was originally a slur, people didnt want "Canned music"

Question 60

What is an example of an early radio variety show

Answer 60

Amos and Andy