GU

Question 1

Tx for lithium induced DI

Answer 1

Thiazides, amiloride

Question 2

SIADH

Answer 2

Euvolemic hypoNa. Tx is fluid restrict and demeclocycline

Question 3

EKG changes with hyperCa.

Answer 3

Short QT

Question 4

EKG changes with hypoCa

Answer 4

Prolonged QT

Question 5

Effect of hypermag on reflexes?

Answer 5

Decreased.

Question 6

Make sure to correct MAG before correcting hypoK and hypoCa

Answer 6

Or else it wont fix

Question 7

Tx for UTI

Answer 7

Bactrim, FQ, nitrofurantoin (NF is -static, so tx will need to be 7 days or so)

Question 8

BhCG in men?

Answer 8

Choriocarcinoma

Question 9

AFP is tumor marker for?

Answer 9

Yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumors. Also HCC

Question 10

Type IV RTA

Answer 10

HYPERKALEMIA. Non AG met acidosis. Commonly seen in elderly, poorly controlled DM

Question 11

Muddy brown casts

Answer 11

ATN

Question 12

Rbc casts

Answer 12

Glomerulonophritis

Question 13

WBC casts

Answer 13

Ain/pyelo

Question 14

Fatty casts

Answer 14

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 15

Broad and waxy casts

Answer 15

Chronic renal failure

Question 16

Winters formula

Answer 16

Metabolic acidosis

Co2=1.5*hco3+8

Question 17

Dietary recs for nephrolithiasis

Answer 17

Decrease protein and oxalate
Decease sodium
Increase fluids
Increase dietary calcium

Question 18

First renal abnormality in diabetes nephropathy

Answer 18

Glomerular hyper filtration

Question 19

Type of renal injury with chronic analgesic abuse?

Answer 19

Renal papillary necrosis - will get full rbc on UA

Question 20

Overflow incontinence, characteristics and tx

Answer 20

Dribbling, low volume urine. Tx is with timed voiding, cholinergic AGONISTS - detrusor underactivity. Often due to DM

Question 21

Pain relief with elevation of testes

Answer 21

Seen in epidydimitis. Not in torsion

Question 22

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 22

FSGS - esp in african americans, HIV

Question 23

Most common cause of abnormal hemostasis in chronic renal failure?

Answer 23

Impaired PLT fcn

Question 24

Acyclovir AE without adequate hydration?

Answer 24

crystalline nephropathy! gotta pump fluids

Question 25

Really bad htn, with bilateral nontender upper abdominal masses?

Answer 25

THink AKPD - get US

Question 26

Low urine followed with intermittent periods of hi volume urine. dx?

Answer 26

Obstructive uropathy

Question 27

Blood at start of urination. What GU injury?

Answer 27

Urethral

Question 28

Terminal hematuria. WHat GU injury?

Answer 28

prostate/bladder dz

Question 29

metabolic alkalosis, chloride resistant (UCl > 20 meq/day)

Answer 29

Think Barters, Gitelmans, licorice ingestion

Question 30

TReating for pyelo and it doesnt resolve in 2-3 d. what do you do?

Answer 30

Think abscess - get US

Question 31

Gross/painless hematuria in elderly. dx?

Answer 31

Bladder Ca

Question 32

Acyclovir AE?

Answer 32

It's poorly soluble in urine. Crystalline nephropathy. can be prevented with adequate h2o

Question 33

Loops can precipitate prerenal failure, hypoK, met alk

Answer 33

Loops can precipitate prerenal failure, hypoK, met alk

Question 34

Hi eos in urine or blood. after angiography in patient with athero. dx?

Answer 34

cholesterol emboli

Question 35

Calcium oxalate crystals in asx patient?

Answer 35

Incidental finding. often normal urinary sediment. not a sign of stones

Question 36

In resp alk, how does the body compensate?

Answer 36

Kidneys, excrete bicarb in urine. Hi pH in urine

Question 37

Most common kidney stone?

Answer 37

Ca Oxalate

Question 38

When do we see Ca Phosphate stones?

Answer 38

RTA and primary hyperPTH

Question 39

why does nephrotic syndrome create a hypercoag state?

Answer 39

preferential loss of ATIII before anyhting else

Question 40

What virus is menbranous GN associate with?

Answer 40

HBV

Question 41

Renal vv thrombosis is seen more often in what renal dz?

Answer 41

Nephrotic syndromes (like menbranous) because preferential loss of ATIII

Question 42

Drugs that cause K to go INTO cells?

Answer 42

insulin, B ags

Question 43

drugs that can cause hyper K?

Answer 43

BBLOX, TMP, heparin

Question 44

Urinary retention in TCA use?

Answer 44

Prolly. one of the TCA AE is anti M

Question 45

palpable purpura, GN, arthralgias, HSM, periph neuropathy and low comp. Also HCV

Answer 45

think mixed essential cryoglobulinemia

Question 46

How does RTA present in infants?

Answer 46

Failure to thrive. (Non-anion gap met acid)

Question 47

CXR shows large anterior mediastinal mass, blood work shows elevated AFP and BhCG. MAle patient with cough and chest discomfort. dx?

Answer 47

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). Can differentiate from seminomas because seminomas do NOT produce AFP. Only NSGCT does. ChorioCA RARELY occurs in men.

Question 48

In evaluation for BPH, what initial screening test do you get?

Answer 48

UA. look for uti, obstruction, or blood

Question 49

Patient has oliguria and acute renal failure, post op. What should you do?

Answer 49

Bladder cath.

Question 50

Pregnant, every elevated BP >160/110, signs of end organ damage

Answer 50

pre-E with severe features

Question 51

Most common cause of death in immunocomp patients.

Answer 51

CV disease.

Question 52

What nephrotic syndrome is most commonly assoc with Hogkins Lymphoma?

Answer 52

Minimal change disease. even in adults

Question 53

Acute rejection of transplant. Treatment?

Answer 53

IV steroids

Question 54

How do you protect the kidneys from contrast IV injury?

Answer 54

Lots of fluids, n-acetylcystine and or use a non-ionic contrast

Question 55

Low complement levels suggest which 4 glomerulonephritses?

Answer 55

Post strep, MPGN, lupus, mixed essential cryoglobinuria (which is assoc with HCV)

Question 56

How do BUN/Cr change in pregnancy?

Answer 56

Both decrease. Increased renal blood flow and GFR