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Step II CS > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

How do you monitor Respiratory Function in Guillan-Barre?

A

Vital Capacity

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2
Q

Sx: Diffuse HA worse in AM, vision changes, AM N/V, CN deficits, imbalance, cushing reflex

A

Intracranial HTN (get MRI/CT)

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3
Q

Cushing Reflex

A

Bradycardia and HTN

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4
Q

What CN deficit do you see in Uncal Herniation?

A

CN III

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5
Q

Causes of Subdural hematoma

A

bridging vv tear 2/2 blunt trauma

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6
Q

Drug to give in SAH to prevent cerebral aa vasospasm

A

Nimodipine

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7
Q

Asymmetric Limb Weakness

A

ALS

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8
Q

ALS Tx

A

Riluzole

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9
Q

ALS EMG readings

A

widespread mm denervation and motor block

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10
Q

AE’s of aminoglycosides

A

Ototox and nephrotox

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11
Q

Tx of acute MS attack

A

Steroids

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12
Q

What does pronator drift test for?

A

UMN damage in upper extremities

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13
Q

What is the strongest RF for stroke?

A

HTN

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14
Q

What is the most common site of hypertensive hemorrhages in brain?

A

Putamen

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15
Q

With what condition in trigeminal neuralgia associated

A

MS

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16
Q

Sx: Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfcn, widespread neurological deficits

A

Shy drager syndrome (Multi-system atrophy)

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17
Q

Cherry red spots are seen in _____?

A

Tay sachs, neimann-pick, retinal aa occlusion

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18
Q

What is Todd’s Palsy?

A

Motor defect 15-24 h after seizure

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19
Q

Tx for essential tremor

A

Primidone

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20
Q

AE of primidone

A

Porphyria (GI, psych, neuro abnl)

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21
Q

Argyll-Roberston pupil

A

accomodates to near obj, but does not react to light

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22
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus (VERY CONTAGIOUS), URI/diarrheal illness too

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23
Q

What imaging to get in suspected stroke?

A

CT brain w/o contrast

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24
Q

Cerebral Salt wasting syndrome

A

hyponatremia 2/2 SIADH

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25
Painless, sudden loss of vision. Flash. Floaters. Sometimes 2/2 trauma
retinal detachment
26
Disorders with lens subluxation/dislocation
Marfans, homocystinuria, Alport
27
Inflammation of lacrimal sac
dacroscleritis (strep/staph)
28
Shingles of ear/CNVIII involvement
Ramsay-hunt syndrome
29
Tx of ramsay hunt syndrome
antivirals, pain meds, steroids
30
Condition assoc w retinal hamartomas
Tuberous Sclerosis
31
Erythematous TM with vesicles
Bullous myringitis
32
Causative organism of Bullous Myringitis
M. Pneumo
33
Tx for bullous myringitis
oral macrolide
34
Hemispatial neglect syndrome lesion
non dominant parietal lobe (also finger agnosia)
35
LDopa/Carbidopa AE
Early: Hallucinations Late: Involuntary movements (Michael J Fox)
36
CT Scan Head
HypOdense: infarct HypERdense: hemorrhage
37
port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors). Tramline intracranial calcifications
Sturge Weber
38
What drugs cause increased ICP?
Vit A analogues, tetracyclines, growth hormone
39
What brain lesion can be caused by status epilepticus?
Cortical laminar necrosis (excitatory cytotoxicity)
40
What is the most common site of Ulnar Nerve entrapment?
Elbow
41
Cushing ulcer onset/cause?
Acute. Increased ICP. Obvious nn impairment
42
Ruptured berry aneurysm nn deficit?
SAH, typically doesn't have focal nn deficits
43
What medication slows MS progression?
IFN B
44
Most common site of lacunar infarct?
Internal capsule HTN is cause. Internal brain structures
45
absence sz tx
Ethosuximide or VPA
46
Autism CT
Increase total brain vol
47
OCD CT
orbitalfrontal cortex and striatum
48
Panic D/O CT
decrease amygdala vol
49
PTSD CT
decrease hippocampus size
50
Schizo CT
increased ventricle size
51
Acute ataxia and delerium in malnourished and ETOH pts
Wernickies
52
Bell's Palsy lesion is on ? side
Ipsilateral
53
Central cord syndrome
elderly, hyperext injury. Esp a car crash. Cortical spinal tracts injured
54
Posterior cord dyndrome
Bilat loss of dorsal column
55
Anterior cord syndrome
2/2 occlusion of vertebral AA or burst fracture. Bilat loss of motor fcn below lesion along with loss of pain and temp
56
What CN carries sensory function to cornea
Trigem
57
Wallenberg
PICA occlusion/lateral medullary infarct. Loss of pain and temp and cerebellar signs
58
Acute opiate w/d in ED tx?
Give methadone
59
NPH broad based gait happens early in dementia dz
NPH broad based gait happens early in dementia dz
60
Pseudotumor sequelae
Blindness!
61
Met acidosis following tonic clonic sz tx
Usually goes away in 60-90 mins. Just observe
62
Most important prognostic factor for astrocytoma?
anaplasia, not mets. mets are rare in astrocytoma
63
Facial nn nucleus is in what part of bstem?
Pons. Most of CN nuclei from pons. CN III from midbrain tho
64
myoclonic sz. in kids. worse w sleep deprivation. progress from absence sz at around age 10
juvenile mycolonc epilepsy
65
Why can't you give ergots and triptans within 24 h of each other?
may result in prolonged vasospasm due to high 5ht levels
66
Cord Cavitation?
Syringomyelia
67
Most common cause of viral meningitis?
Enteroviruses (like echo and coxsackie)
68
Hemianestheia with severe dysesthesia. Where is the stroke?
Think thalamus. This is typical of thalamic stroke
69
Fullness in ear assoc with vertigo?
Meniere's. Abnl accumulation of endolymph in ear
70
Craniopharyngiomas have a bimodal age distribution. What ages?
Children and 55-65
71
Burst fracture of vertebrae (like jumping from tall building) can lead to what spinal cord problem?
Anterior Cord Syndrome
72
What is the only drug indicated in ischemic stroke if tpa isn't available?
ASA. can reduce risk of recurrent stroke.
73
Sharp, triphasic, synchronous discharges on EEG?
Spongiform enceph
74
aphasias are due to lesions in what part of the brain?
frontal lobe. dominant. mca distro
75
How do you diagnose spinal narrowing/lumbar stenosis?
MRI - due to degenerative joint dz
76
Hearing loss in elderly patients?
Presbycusis. Patients often have difficulty in crowded environments. high freq hearing loss

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