GU

Question 1

Normal PVRs in males and females

Answer 1

Males <= 50 mL

Females <= 150 mL

Question 2

Interstitial cystitis

Answer 2

Epidemiology: More common in women and a/w psych and pain d/o (eg fibromyalgia)

Presentation: Bladder pain with filling and relieved by voiding; increased urinary frequency/urgency; dyspareunia (anterior vaginal wall tenderness)

Dx: bladder pain with no other causes => 6 weeks; NORMAL UA

Tx: non-curative, focus on improving quality of life; behavioral modification and avoidance of triggers

Question 3

Urease-producing bacteria

Answer 3

Proteus (most common) and Klebsiella –> urine alkalization pH > 8

Struvite stones (magnesium ammonium phosphate)