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pt assessment GI exam #2 > GU LABS BAER > Flashcards

GU LABS BAER Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

In nephrotic syndrome, what is destroyed

A

Podocytes in are destroyed, in bowman capsule

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2
Q

Nephrotic syndrome what are symptoms

A

Frothy urine, due to protein
Edema pt is puffy, and fatigue, low albumin

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3
Q

Most common cause for nephrotic syndrome in the us

A

Diabetes is the most common cause for nephrotic syndrome

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4
Q

What is nephritis syndrome

A

Immune complex attack capillaries, RBC leaks out of capillaries

Nephritic
, I think inflammation, and blood

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Most common cause for Nephritic syndrome

A

Post infectious glomerulonephritis *strep infection

Iga nephropathy
mc
cause for glomerulonephritis
, worldwide

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7
Q

Nephritic syndrome symptoms

A

High blood pressure low GFR, hematuria
Urine, frank blood or dark Coca Cola

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8
Q

Preferred collection for urinalysis

A

First morning collection, assess protein and glucose most accurately

Clean catch , 1st portion voided in urine, midstream analysis
Indwelling catheter, sample from tubing

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9
Q

Urinalysis done when

A

To assess acute and chronic kidney disease
Abnormal us can be first sign of kidney diseaseIf reduced GFR, get us

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10
Q

urinalysis should be tested within __ hours

A

2 hours of collection,

1 hour is ideal however

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11
Q

why is urinalysis done quickly

A

bacteria may deteriorate, at room temperature

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12
Q

normal urine should appear how

A

light yellow or amber in color

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13
Q

red urine can indicate

A

food such as beets,

kidney stones

uti

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14
Q

orange urine is a side effect of what med?

A

side effect of rifampin, and pyridium

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15
Q

green urine is side effect of what

A

uti,

methylene blue

food like asparagus, and vitamin B

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16
Q

blue urine color

A

tryptophan malabsorption—- blue diaper syndrome

dyes such as methylene blue

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17
Q

brown urine color can indicate

A

bilirubin is present, may have gilberts syndrome

meds such as levodopa
flagyl

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18
Q

white urine indicates what

A

pus in urine
wbc, pyuria

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19
Q

black urine can be a sign of

A

malignant melanoma.

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20
Q

urinalysis, normal finding is _____

A

clear,

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21
Q

abnormal urinalysis==

A

cloudy or hazy

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22
Q

small amounts of protein in urine, proteinuria such as as microalbumin in diabetes mellitus, may be the first signal of

A

may be the first signal of chronic kidney disease

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23
Q

large amount of protein in urine, is a sign of _____ and _________

A

nephrotic syndrome and advanced kidney disease

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24
Q

bence jones proteins in urine associated with

A

multiple myeloma

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25
protein in the urine is the single most important indication of _____ disease
renal
26
transient protein in urine could be due to
strenuous activity/ exercise, and due to seizure disorder
27
protein that is constantly in the urine can be due to what condition
nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, urinary tract obstruction,
28
normal urine ph is from -_______ average is ___
4.5-8 6
29
acidic urine <7 causes
metabolic acidosis DKA diarrhea uti
30
alkalotic >7 urine can be due to what
pseudomonas, proteus hypokalemia chronic renal failure
31
acidic ph with calculi indicates what
uric acid and could be calcium oxalate
32
alkalotic ph with calculi could be
calcium carbonate
33
increased specific gravity on urinalysis, can indicate
dehydration
34
decreased specific gravity on urine analysis indicates
diabetes insipidus, acute tubular necrosis, diuresis, overhydration
35
normal specific gravity is
1.010-1.025
36
if urine analysis dipstick shows bilirubin what does that signify
could be a sign of further liver disease hepatitis gallstones
37
urobilinogen what is it
by product from the conversion of conjugated bilirubin in the intestine
38
urobilinogen is one of the most sensitive tests in determining ______ function and _____ disorders,
liver, and hemolytic disorder
39
increased urobilinogen can indicate
hemolytic anemia, malaria, hepatitis, cirrhosis,
40
one of most sensitive tests to determine impaired liver function and hemolytic disorders is what test
urobilinogen
41
decreased urobilinogen can indicate
cholelithiasis, obstructive disease, such as cancer
42
hematuria, blood in the urine can indicate
UTI kidney stones anticoagulant tumor
43
glucose in urine usually greater than 160-180 indicate what
diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes endocrine disorder, such as cushings disease
44
what may present as ketones in urine
DKA fasting, and anorexia uncontrolled diabetes mellitus low carb diets
45
urine dipstick analysis if leukocyte esterase is positive what would indicate that result
can be a marker of a UTI or another sign of pyelonephritis shows that white blood cells are positive, and present in the urine now need to exam microscopically for wbc and bacteria
46
if nitrate is positive what does this show
warrant further workup + nitrate means that bacteria is currently present if nitrate is positive, then should get a urine culture
47
microscopic urinalysis struvite is ___ shapeed and cause from a uti
struvite is coffin,
48
uric acid in a microscopic ua is _____ shape, which condition is this seen in most frequent?
rhomboid shape, seen in gout most frequently.
49
most common crystal seen in ua
calcium oxalate, seen in a normal or a severe chronic renal disease.
50
in ua u see hexagonal shape what is this
cystinuria, too much cysteine leakage
51
hyaline casts consist only of ______ protein are -______- empty appearance, and associated with _______
Tamm horsfall protein clear and colorless, all renal diseases
52
deep pigmented muddy brown granular cast associated with
acute tubular necrosis
53
white blood cell cast indicate
pyelonephritis acute glomerulonephritis renal parenchymal infection
54
____bun means less being excreted in kidneys, can indicate chronic kidney disease
High
55
Bun is a indirect and rough measurement of
Renal function Liver function GFR
56
Bun in prerenal increased what condition And in renal increased what conditions Post renal, is BPH, OBSTRUCTION
Sepsis, dehydration, shock, Renal, ➡️renal failure, kidney spdsiease
57
BUN DECREASED WHAT STATES
Liver disease Nephrotic, syndrome of inappropriate ADH
58
Creatinine increased in what conditions
Diseases which affect renal function Shock Pyelonephritis Rhabdomyolysis Acute tubular necrosis Urinary tract obstruction
59
Urea is by product of what metabolism
Protein
60
Creatine is measurement of
Excretory function of the kidneys Approximation of GFR Not affected by liver function
61
Creatine clearance compares amount of cr in _____ to the amount in your ______ over 24 hour
Blood Urine
62
Creatine clearance good in assessment
Kidney function Determine dosing adjustments Monitor nephrotoxicity med
63
GFR good to
Diagnose ckd, and monitor kidney status
64
GFR give estimate to
Functioning nephrons
65
PSA found in ______ and _____
Normal prostate cells and prostate cancer cells
66
PSA is used primarily as a marker of ________
Recurrent prostate cancer
67
What is found in pregnancy test
Human chorionic gonadotropic, hCG
68
HCG pregnancy test detects pregnancy ______ days after conception
5-7
69
Preferred method for pregnancy test
First morning void is preferred sample
70
Kidney ureter and bladder x ray what position should u be in
Supine on x ray table and then upright and then left lateral decubitus
71
CT without contrast abdomen and pelvis most accurate assessment of what
Most accurate assessment of kidney stones
72
Ct abdomen and pelvis initial test for what
Congenital abnormalities such as horseshoe kidneys Abscesses Lesions such as tumors
73
Ct urogram with contrast indication
Kidney stone obstruction, infection tumors
74
Transrectal ultrasonography is used to assess ____ vs ______
BPH, vs prostate cancer
75
Transrectal ultrasonography done when
after finding a raised PSA during blood test
76
Bladder ultrasound done when
Assessing if pt has difficult urination, and urinary retention, urinary leaking, urinary urge, repeated utilization
77
Bladder ultrasound assess
How much urine the bladder holds
78
For bladder ultrasound should bladder be full prior
Yes, bladder should be full
79
dipstick is positive for blood and rbc on microscope
hematuria
80
if urine dipstick is positive for blood but microscopic is negative indicate
hemoglobinuria
81
oval fat bodies on microscopic ua if positive indicate
nephrotic syndrome
82
+ for squamous epithelial cells on microscopic U/A indicates
skin contamination
83
84
MRI INDICATION
Cancer, renal vein thrombosis,
85
When is mri preferred over ct
MRI is better in evaluating perfusion, can be good for children or in pregnancy
86
MRI indicated for
Renal vein thrombosis
87
Kidney ultrasound test of choice for
Sign of obstruction Polycystic kidney disease Hydronephrosis
88
Earliest sign of kidney disease is what
Urine microalbumin
89
What is the range for urine microalbumin _______
30-300 mg/24 hours
90
Annual screening for diabetes patients is what test
Urine microalbumin
91
Urine microalbumin requires ___ hour urine sample
24 hour
92
Bun is measurement of
Renal Liver GFR
93
Which test is more specific and sensitive of kidney disease rather than BUN
Creatinine
94
95
Intravenous pyelogram image obtained over ___ minutes, look for _____ and see how much dye is excreted
30 minutes Post void film
96
IVP has been replaced by ___
Ct scans
97
IVP intravenous pyelogram indication
Blood in the urine, pain compatible for stones, blood, tumor, trauma, obstruction
98
Complete urinalysis, 3 components
1. Macroscopic eval 2. Urine dipstick eval, rapid 3. Microscopic, eval
99
Bacterial count >100,000 indicates
Infection
100
Bacterial count >______…… in symptomatic, immunosuppressed indicates infection
10,000
101
Bacteria mixed <100,000 indicate
Contamination
102
Urine culture, assess
UTI
103
Urine culture, what specimen is preferred
Early morning specimen and clean catch is required first
104
Oval fat body under light reveals ______ and is associated with
Maltese cross Nephrotic syndrome

pt assessment GI exam #2 (6 decks)

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